2024年3月12日发(作者：)

大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷3

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk

of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably

needn’ t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and

age-related memory loss. After age 50, it’ s quite common to have trouble

remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffher of

Brigham and Women’ s Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the

body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning,

memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between

different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.

Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry

about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’ t remember even seeing it, that’ s

far more concerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says,

that’ s “ a red flag that something more serious may be involved “. Forgetting how to

operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the

house of a friend you’ ve visited many times before can also be signs of something

going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn ‘ t panic. There are

many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems

like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression,

as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants. You don’ t have to figure this

out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications,

health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense

against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’ s cognitive (认知

的) reserve, Daffner says. “Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or

activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your

brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known

brain booster.

1． Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?

A．Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

B．They occur only among certain groups of people.

C．Not all of them are related to one’ s age.

D．They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。原文第一段最后一句话指出，但如果你有记忆溜走了，你可

能并不用担心。痴呆症的症状和与年龄相关的健忘有明显的区别。由此可知，并

不是所有的记忆丢失状况都需要去担忧，因为并不是所有的健忘都和痴呆症有

关，故答案为A。B、C两项原文均未提及，故排除。D项与原文不符，原文第

二段达佛纳博士表明，五十岁以后，很难快速地记住人名、地名和事物名称的现

象是很常见的，但并没有表示记忆缺失在五十岁的人中很常见，故排除。

2． What happens as we become aged according to the passage?

A．Our interaction skills deteriorate.

B．Some parts of our brain stop functioning.

C．Communication within our brain weakens.

D．Our whole brain starts shrinking.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。原文第三段指出，大脑的衰老就像身体其他部分的衰老一样，

某些部分会萎缩。大脑细胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交流。由此可知，

随着年龄的增长，大脑衰老会影响大脑内部的交流，使交流变弱，故答案为C。

A项原文未提及，故排除。B项与原文不符，原文指大脑的部分功能开始退化，

而非停止运作，故排除。D项与原文不符，原文中并非指整个大脑开始萎缩，而

是大脑的某些部分开始萎缩，故排除。

3． Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?

A．Totally forgetting how to do one’ s daily routines.

B．Inability to recall details of one’ s life experiences.

C．Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.

D．Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’ s friends.

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。原文第五段描述了一些症状，如不会用像微波炉之类的家电

和不记得经常去的朋友家的地址，类似于这样的情况就应该引起我们的关注，这

些症状可以归纳为日常活动，完全忘记如何进行日常活动是我们应该认真对待的

事情，故答案为A。原文中提及，忘记全部经历是一个危险的信号，而没有提及

过往经历的细节，故排除B项。根据原文第四段的内容，如果忘记电影里演员

的名字这一类的事情，这是不必担忧的，故排除C项。D项原文未提及，故排

除。

4． What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?

A．Check the brain’ s cognitive reserve.

B．Stop medications affecting memory.

C．Turn to a professional for assistance.

D．Exercise to improve their well-being.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。原文倒数第二段前两句话指出，当严重的失忆症状出现时，

达佛纳建议我们去看医生，找出导致失忆症状的影响因素，不要自己解决。由此

可知，我们应该向专业人员求助，故答案为C。A项答非所问，建立大脑的认知

保护区是预防记忆流失的方式，而非失忆症状出现时我们应该做的事情，故排除。

B、D两项原文均未提及，故排除。

5． What is Dr. Daffner’ s advice for combating memory loss?

A．Having regular physical and mental checkups.

B．Taking medicine that helps boost one’ s brain.

C．Engaging in known memory repair activities.

D．Staying active both physically and mentally.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。原文最后一段最后两句话指出，达佛纳建议，让你的大脑保

持忙碌和运转的状态。同时也要锻炼身体，因为运动是一种已知的大脑助推器。

由此可知，保持身体和大脑的活跃，是防止失忆的有效措施，故答案为D。A、

B、C三项原文均未提及，故排除。

A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the

Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.

“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the

Smithsonian Institution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an

intern (实习生) , from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing

when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes,” and the intern put the

letter back. “The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.

“ Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was

located very close to Washington, D. C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but

were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI

worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and

definitely Smithsonian’ s property. The letter was written by Darwin to thank an

American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his

research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.

The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained

museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape,” says Kapsalis. “and we just

have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it

that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is

repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our

goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online. “ It

would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this.

“Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we

keep our high value documents in a safe that I don’t even have access to. “

6． What happened to Darwin’ s letter in the 1970s?

A．It was recovered by the FBI.

B．It was stolen more than once.

C．It was put in the archives for research purposes.

D．It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。原文第一段指出，查尔斯-达尔文于1875年写的一封信在被

盗两次之后，由美国联邦调查局(FBI)归还给了史密森学会档案馆。第二段详细

介绍了这封信失窃的经过。由此可知，达尔文的信不止一次被盗，故答案为B。

A项发生的时间是在20世纪70年代之后，故排除。C、D两项原文均未提及，

故排除。

7． What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?

A．They proved its authenticity.

B．They kept it in a special safe.

C．They arrested the suspect immediately.

D．They pressed criminal charges in vain.

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。原文第三段指出，美国联邦调查局的艺术品犯罪小组找到了

这封信，并且与档案馆密切合作，确定这封信是真实的，故答案为A。B项所说

的将它保存在保险柜里是档案馆的工作，故排除。C项原文未提及，故排除。D

项与原文不符，原文说由于诉讼时效已经结束，美国联邦调查局无法起诉犯罪团

伙。由此可知，美国联邦调查局没有起诉犯罪团伙，故无“起诉无效”一说，故

排除。

8． What is Darwin’ s letter about?

A．The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.

B．His cooperation with an American geologist.

C．Some geological evidence supporting his theory.

D．His acknowledgement of help from a professional.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。原文第四段指出，这封信是由达尔文写来感谢美国地质学家

费迪南-范德维尔-海登博士的，感谢博士寄来的地理研究资料，故答案为D。原

文中提及海登博士的地理研究资料是关于某一区域的，这一区域后来成为了黄石

国家公园，但达尔文的信与黄石国家公园并无关系，故排除A项。B、C两项原

文均未提及，故排除。

9． What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according

to Kapsalis?

A．Reserve it for research purposes only.

B．Turn it into an object of high interest.

C．Keep it a permanent secret.

D．Make it available online.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据原文倒数第二段倒数第二句话可知，在修复这封信后，

档案馆会把它拍成数码照片，并放到网上，故答案为D。B项与原文不符，原文

倒数第二段提到，档案馆拍照片放到网上的目的是为了在网上向公众提供具有较

高研究价值或高级趣味的文物，而不是将其转变成有高级趣味的物品，故排除。

A、C两项原文均未提及，故排除。

10． What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?

A．Growing interest in rare art objects.

B．Radical changes in archiving practices.

C．Recovery of various missing documents.

D．Increases in the value of museum exhibits.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据原文最后一段可知，卡普萨利斯说：“自20世纪70年

代以来，归档操作已经发生了很大的变化。”由此可知，在过去的半个世纪，归

档操作发生了根本的改变，故答案为B。A、C、D三项原文均未提及，故排除。

Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact

on people’ s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving

to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which

only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of

Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas

were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. “There could be a number of

reasons,” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier;

they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those

things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline

levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’ t make us happy in

the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than

￡ 500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year,

they were back to the baseline. “ Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether

living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’ s sense of

well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the

team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University

of Essex. Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “ What you see is that even

after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that

we think will make us happy. “ He observed that people living in green spaces were

less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and

communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between

urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said,

“ There’ s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds

it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from

to help support good quality local green spaces. “

11． According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?