2024年3月10日发(作者：)

2002翻译真题

2003

Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at

their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable

curiosity.

61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which

they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a

calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from

such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves

and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.

“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words

anthropos

“human” and

logos

“the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of

all humankind.

Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of

intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same

reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use

for the study of natural phenomena.

Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science,

psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or

specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.

All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a

field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative

method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with

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2002翻译真题

a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,

makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward

Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual

achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that

complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other

capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so

profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and

understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that

culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.

65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of

“set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense

amounts of concrete research and understanding.

2003

一、试题总体分析

文章从人类学的起源入手，指出对人类的研究是为了实现人类内部及人类与地球上其

他生命和睦相处。人类学这个词语来自希腊词根。接着作者拿人类学和社会学做比，指出

前者是后者的分支，但却是一门独特且非常重要的社会科学。最后文章谈到，人类学的核

心是“文化”这个抽象概念。2003年翻译试题难度适中，五个试题中第4题相对容易，

第1题和第5题有一定难度，第2题和第3题难度最大。考查内容在语法方面有：较长的

定语、状语修饰成分翻译时多另起一句；现在分词做状语及多重定语从句的译法；修饰宾

语的定语从句的译法和倒装结构的译法。词汇方面有：对一词多义的词汇在上下文中的具

体把握；名词转换成动词、过去分词转化为动宾结构的翻译技巧。

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2002翻译真题

考生答题时出现的问题主要包括：（1）对一词多义的掌握把握不够好，主要表现为译

文的词不达意；（2）理解复杂的句子结构仍存在困难，表现为译文结构混乱，逻辑关系不

清。

二、试题具体解析

（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in

which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and

fancies.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：现在分词做状语和词义选择。

此句的修饰成分较长，包括不定式、定语从句和现在分词。句子的主干是humans have

the ability，后面接着两个修饰成分。第一个是不定式to modify做定语，其中，in which

they live 是一个定语从句，修饰 the environment；第二个是现在分词结构做状语，表

示结果。

词汇：modify有多个词义：更改、修改、改造、改进、适应、调试、修饰，在句中接

“环境”应译为“改变”、“改造”或“改善”； 本意为“使服从”，但

可以根据不同的宾语而意译。如，we must subject everything to careful examination

译为“我们必须对每一件事进行仔细检查”，而不是“让每一件事服从我们的仔细检查”。

Form和life搭配时，应译为“形态”。fancy的词义有：想象力、喜好、幻想，文中取其

褒义，译为“（人类特别的）想象”。

译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他生命形态服从人类

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2002翻译真题

自己独特的想法和想像。

（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study

humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and

dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural

phenomena.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：多重定语从句的译法。

此句是一个含有多个定语从句的主从复合句，其主干是主语+系表结构：Social

science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。第一个定语从句which seeks to

，修饰intellectual enquiry。此句的难点在于，这个定语从句的状语里又套了第

二个定语从句in manner that natural scientists 。其中前边部分in

the same manner译为“以同样的方式”。后边部分进一步说明是什么“方式”。译为

“自然科学家研究自然现象的方式”。注意有多重从句时，应该采取从内向外层层剥的译

法。

词汇：intellectual enquiry直译是“智力的询问”，在此是“知识的探索”的意思。

Enquiry原义是“询问、调查、打听”，在这里注意不要和require混淆，而译为“要求、

命令”之类的。Endeavor原义是“努力、尽力”，同义词有effort和attempt，在句子

中根据中文习惯，译为“（社会科学研究人的）行为”。

译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用

理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。

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