2024年3月3日发(作者：)

新外研版新教材高中英语选择性必修一全册课文及翻译（中英Word精编）

Unit 1 Laugh out loud!

Understanding ideas

The Best Medicine

最佳妙药

1 As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look

just like any other doctor. That is until I put on my curly rainbow

wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry

Laugh-Out-Loud”. I walk through the doors into the waiting area,

where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.

People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old

magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times

previously. Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous

and crying children.

当我穿着白大褂走进医院时，我看起来和其他医生没什么两样——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发和大红鼻子，别上我的名牌“拉里，笑哈哈医生”。我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过数百遍的旧杂志。焦虑的父母们正尽其所能安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。

2 In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl

whose ankle is twice its normal size. I speak with the on-duty

nurse, who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the

hospital after she fell off her bicycle. Since getting here, Lara has

spent her time crying in pain. Although it’s the doctors and

nurses who will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel

better.

在这个特别的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。我和值班护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来，

她父母赶紧将她送到医院。自从来到这里，劳拉就因为疼痛而一直大哭。尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。

3 Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to

make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be

helpful. We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a

programme known as “hospital clowning”. I chose this career

because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.

Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals

weren’t really designed for children. I spent much of the time

when I was there feeling frightened and more than little bored!

Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining

them.

科学研究表明，欢笑能产生使人心情变好的化学物质，这就意味着小丑医生能帮到患者。我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的成员。我之所以选择这个职业，是因为我自己小时候去医院的经历。尽管当时医生和护士都尽职尽责，但医院实在不是个适合孩子们待的地方。我在那里度过的大部分时间要么觉得害怕，要么感到非常无聊！而成为小丑医生意味着我可以通过娱乐人们的方式来帮助他们。

together with medical professionals. On a typical day, we

spend our time cheering up patients, their families, and more

often than not, the hospital staff, too! We do this by doing magic

tricks, singing songs, telling stories and, of course, telling silly

jokes. Some children, though, don’t feel like laughing, especially

if they’re in pain. We have to be very sensitive and work closely

with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each

patient.

我们小丑医生和专业医疗人员一起工作，要走访医院和其他的医疗机构。我们一天的工作内容通常是为病人、病人家属，甚至是医院

的工作人员带来欢乐！为此，我们会变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲一些滑稽的笑话。不过，有些孩子并不想笑，特别是在他们很疼痛的时候。所以我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。

5 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.

While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get

her attention by d oing a magic trick. Although she is clearly still

in some pain, her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile, and then by loud laughter as I “magically”

produce her sock from out of my pocket. Seeing their daughter

so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed.

而我的灵药似乎确实起作用了。当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用魔术来吸引劳拉的注意力。尽管她显然仍然有些痛苦，但她恐惧和焦虑的表情已经不见了：先是一个小小的微笑，接着变成了大笑——因为我“魔术般地”从我的口袋里变出了她的一只袜子。看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气。

6 And as for me? Well, when I take off my wig and my red

nose, I’m sti ll wearing

a big smile, as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.

While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and

others, I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place

to visit. After all, it really is true that “laughter is the best

medicine”.

至于我呢？当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，我脸上仍然带着大大的微笑，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。也许将来，对于劳拉或者其他人来说，他们还有更多到医院就诊的需要，但我希望，小丑医生能够帮助医院成为一个更温暖友善的就诊场所。毕竟，“欢笑是最佳妙药”，这句话是真的。

Unit 1 Laugh out loud!

Developing ideas

The Importance of Humour

幽默的重要性

1 Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour for

thousands of years. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient

Greece, and medieval writings are filled with

their authors understood that humour could not only

entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.

数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字中记载有喜剧，而中世纪的作品中也常常出现笑话。虽然那些笑话对现在的我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但是它们的作者明白，幽默不仅娱乐大众，而且可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。

2 Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for

his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is

American writer, Mark Twain. Twain’s particular style of writing

is funny and often mischievous. For example, in his classic novel

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he famously says, “Writing is

easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is

equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday

interactions with people. For instance, while on a lecturing tour

of the United States, Twain went into a barber’s shop to get a

hair cut and a shave. The barber, not recognising him, asked if he

had a ticket to the lecture. When Twain replied that he didn’t,

the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would

have to stand, as there were no seats left in the theatre. Twain’s

response was, “That’s just my luck. I always have to stand when

that fellow lectures!”

到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。吐温独特的写作风格幽默风趣，而且常常带有调侃意味。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》中有一句名言“写作很容

易，你要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。”他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲时，马克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他来，问他有没有这场演讲的门票，马克·吐温说没有。理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里已经没有座位了。马克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。只要那个家伙演讲，我总是要站着！”

3 Like Twain, but on the other side of the world, Lin Yutang

was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour. A

well-known bilingual writer, Lin brought the concept of humour

to modern Chinese literature. In 1924, he creatively borrowed

“youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the

English word “humour”. “Youmo” is still being used in this

way today.

和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特的幽默风格而闻名。作为著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古汉语中的“幽默”作为英文单词“humour”的翻译。今天，“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。

4 Lin’s quick wit helped make him famous as a master of

humour. Once, having been invited to dinner at a university, he

was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to

give a speech. Thinking on his feet, Lin started to tell a story

about a cruel Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild

animals. First came a lion. The man whispered something in the

lion’s ear, after which the lion shook its head and walked away

unhappily. Then along came a tiger. Again, the man whispered

my animals?” said the emperor, astonished. “I told them

they had to make a speech after eating me for di nner.” Lin’s

audience roared with laughter. With this little joke, Lin was able

to make people laugh, while gently telling off the president.

林语堂的机智使他成为著名的幽默大师。有一次，他被邀请去一所大学吃晚饭，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。林语堂急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝试图把一个人喂给野兽的故事。首先来了一头狮子，那人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇了摇头，不高兴地走开了。然后来了一只老虎，那人又对老虎耳语了几句，老虎看起来很震惊，急忙跑开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？” 皇帝惊讶地说道。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚饭吃掉后，它们必须要演讲一番。”

林语堂的听众们哄堂大笑。通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。

5 Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just

about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to

illuminate the world. Lin even created an equation to explain this

concept: Reality + Dreams + Humour = Wisdom. Living and

working with others can sometimes be complicated, and humour

makes this easier. Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring

individuals and even communities together. Indeed, some may

argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need

for water and air. In the words of Mark Twain, “Humor is

mankind’s greatest blessing”.

马克·吐温和林语堂都明白，幽默不仅仅能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具。林语堂甚至还创造了一个公式来解释他的理念：现实+梦想+幽默=智慧。和其他人在一起生活和工作有时候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让事情变得更简单。一起讲笑话、一起欢笑可以使不同的个体甚至是团体凝聚在一起。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类头等的幸事。”

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

Understanding ideas

We Regret to

我们抱歉地通知您……

1 “We regret to ” These are the words that

every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well.

The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly

opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final

sentence. You may have spent years giving up your weekends

and free time to write your life’s work, yet still this is often not

enough. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight,

but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers

have previously faced rejection.

反馈，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句，心随即跌落谷底。你可能已经花费数年时间，放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品，但这往往还不够。大家都明白，成功不是一蹴而就的；但也许很多人都不知道，许多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。

2 Take for example J.K. Rowling. When she received her first

rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something

in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen

wall. Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending

all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book, she

received comments from publishers along the lines of “too

difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be

interested in it”. Nevertheless, she persevered. “I wasn’t going

to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I

often feared that would happen,” she later posted. After a total

of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500

copies of her first book, and as we know,Harry

Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books

sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.

以J. K. 罗琳为例。当她收到第一封拒稿信时，她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有时间都用在写作上。当她终于

完成第一本书时，出版商给出的评价却是“对孩子来说太难理解”

“太长” “孩子们不会对它感兴趣”等等。尽管如此，她还是坚持了下来。“我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。在收到12封拒稿信后，终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道，《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。

3 All too often writers of great works have had to face

criticism along with rejection. J.D. Salinger started writing short

stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works

published. “We feel that we don’t know the central character

well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript for

The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers,

J.D. Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army

during the Second World War, he carried six chapters

of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel

throughout his war service. When it was eventually published, the

book became an immediate

best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.

伟大作品的作家也常常在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评。J. D. 塞林格从高中就开始写短篇小说了，但之后他的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得自己无法充分理解主人公。” 这是他的《麦田里的守望者》的手稿收到的批评。即使被多家出版商回绝，J. D. 塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在二战期间在美国陆军服役时，他还随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》一书的六章内容，并在整个服役期间一直致力于小说的修改。最终，这本书一经出版，便立刻成为畅销书，卖出了上千万册。

4 Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to

three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their

words in print. This, however, was a

Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: “Literature

cannot be the business of a woman’s life, and it ought not to

be.” Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying. Their response

was to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the

book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn’t give up. They

started writing novels, and today Charlotte Bront?’s Jane Eyre,

Emily Bront?’s Wuthering Heightsand Anne Bront?’s Agnes

Grey are regarded as classics of world literature. In fact, it is within

the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour

endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the

means by which men achieve ”

也许坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该颁给来自英国维多利亚时代的三姐妹。她们梦想着看到自己的作品出版。然而，这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。正如当时的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞在给她们其中一位的信中所说：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人的事业。”尽管如此，三姐妹并没有放弃尝试。她们的应对方式是以男性名字为笔名写了一本诗集。虽然这本诗集只卖出了两册，但她们还是没有放弃，转而开始写小说。如今，夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》、艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮丝·格雷》被认为是世界文学的经典之作。其实，这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标……”

5 So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee

success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part,

perseverance is the key. Keep trying and eventually you will read

the words “We are delighted to ”

因此，似乎仅凭天赋不足以保证成功。不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要，但坚持不懈才是关键。坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

Developing ideas

Three Days to See

假如给我三天光明

1 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human

being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time

during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more

appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

我常常思忖，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间看不见、听不见，那会是一件幸运的事情，因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教会人享受声音的美妙。

2 Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover

what they see. Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned

from a long walk in the woods what she h ad observed.

“Nothing in particular,” she replied.

个从林子里散步了许久回来的朋友观察到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”

3 How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour

through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who

cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere

touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more

beauty must be revealed by sight? And I have imagined what I

should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for

just three days.

我问自己，在林子里散步一小时之久却没有看到任何值得注意的东西，这怎么可能呢？我一个看不见的人，仅仅通过触觉，就能发现成百上千件引起我兴趣的东西。如果仅仅通过触觉就能得到如此多的快乐，那么视觉能展现多少美好的事物啊。我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。

4 On the first day, I should want to see the people whose

kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life

worth living. I don not know what it is to see into the heart of a

friend through that “window of the soul”, the eye. I can only

“see” through my fingertips the outline of a face. I should like

to see the books which have been read to me, and which I have

revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the

human spirit. In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the

woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of

nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep.

第一天，我想见几个人，他们用善良、温柔和陪伴让我觉得我有活下去的意义。我不知道通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛来了解一个朋友是怎样一种体验。因为我只能通过我的指尖“看见”朋友的面部轮廓。我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。到了下午，我要在树林中散步，让我的目光陶醉在大自然世界的美景中。这个夜晚，我夜不能寐。

5 On my second day, I should like to see the pageant of

man’s progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try

to probe into the soul of man through his art. The things I knew

through touch I should now see. The evening of my second day

I should spend at a theater or at the movies.

第二天，我想看人类发展的奇观，我要去博物馆。我要通过人类的艺术探究人类的灵魂。那些之前通过触摸知晓的事物，我现在要亲眼看一看。而这一天的傍晚，我要在剧院或电影院度过。

6 The following morning, I should again greet the dawn,

anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty.

Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of

men going about the business of life.

第三天清晨，我将再次迎接黎明，热切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。这天我将在平凡的世界里度过，在为生活奔波的人们常去的地方度过。

7 At midnight permanent night would close in on me again.

Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I

realize how much I had left unseen.

还有那么多事情没有看到。

8 I who am blind can give one hint to those who see: Use

your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the

same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music

of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra,

as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you

want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. Smell

the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if

tomorrow you could never smell and taste again. But of all the

senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.

我，一个盲人，可以给那些看得见的人一个忠告：要像明天就要惨遭失明之痛一样去使用你的眼睛。同样的方法也能用于其他感官：要像明天就要惨遭失聪之痛一样，去仔细聆听音乐的旋律、鸟儿的歌唱、交响乐的震撼音符；要像明天就会触觉衰退一样，去触摸你想摸的每件物品；要像明天就会丧失嗅觉和味觉一样，去闻鲜花的芬香，品尝美味佳肴。但是，在所有的感觉中，我相信，视觉一定是最令人愉快的。

(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by He len Keller)

(节选自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》)

Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger

Understanding ideas

THE ROAD TO SUCCESS

成功之路

1 Near the small town of Grottoes, Virginia, a narrow dirt

road goes from the house of Stephen Curry’s grandfather to the

woods nearby. A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts

of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this

road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by

attaching a piece of plastic

to a telephone pole.

在弗吉尼亚州格罗托斯小镇附近，一条狭窄的土路从斯蒂芬·库里

的祖父家延伸至附近的树林。这与美国男子职业篮球联赛(NBA)赛场上明亮的灯光和闪亮的球场相去甚远。正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料贴到电线杆上，建了一个简易篮筐。

2 Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent

many childhood hours playing on this muddy basketball court.

He probably didn’t realise it at the time, but it was where he

learnt to be creative and flexible as a player. You see, with every

shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. The bumps and rocks

that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in

all directions. Knowing where the ball would go wasn’t e asy. He

had to adjust his own playing style as a result. Shooting with

great

into the heavy, thick basket. In this way, practising day in and

day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills.

与父亲戴尔·库里这位篮球明星一样，斯蒂芬在这个泥泞的篮球场上度过了许多童年时光。尽管当时他可能并没有意识到，但就是在这里，他学会了如何成为一名有创造力、能够灵活变通的篮球运动员。你看，每次投篮，不牢固的塑料篮板都摇摇欲坠。篮筐下的小路凹凸不平，布满了石块，篮球也因此弹向四面八方。能够判断出球反弹的方向并不容易，因此斯蒂芬必须调整自己的打球方式。他在这里学到的另一项技能是精准的投篮技术。只有完美地瞄准中心，篮球才能进入厚重的篮筐。如此日复一日地练习，斯蒂芬的篮球技术变得炉火纯青。

3 Despite his father’s successful career, Stephen was

thought by many people, including his high school teammates

and coaches, to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in

his father’s footsteps. But Stephen carried on. Playing basketball

was his dream. He would not give up. He finally ended up playing

college ball at a small, little-known school, Davidson College, not

too far from where he lived. His creativity and perseverance made

him Davidson’s star player.

尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是很多人，包括斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练，都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。但斯蒂芬还是坚持了下来。打篮球是他的梦想，他绝不会放弃。终于，斯蒂芬在规模不大且鲜为人知的戴维森学院成为了一名大学篮球赛的球员，这所学院离他家不算远。斯蒂芬凭借自己的创造性和毅力成为了戴维森学院的明星球员。

4 Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden

State Warriors. He performed beyond everyone’s expectations

with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. In 2015,

Stephen won his first NBA championship, and he led the Warriors

to their first championship since 1975.

2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。凭借精准的投篮和不懈的努力，他的表现令人刮目相看。2015年，斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军，这也是他带领勇士队获得的自1975年以来的第一个冠军。

5 After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two

years in row, Stephen explained his philosophy, “I never really

set out to change What I wanted to do was just be

I know it inspires a lot of the next generation, a lot of

people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it,

value the fact that you can work every single day to get better.

You’ve got to be able to put in the time and the work. That’s

how I got here. That’s how I continue to get better every single

day.” Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is

living proof that what other people think of you does not have to

influence what you become. Through

self-belief, hard work, perseverance and some help from an

old hoop, he has shown that anything is possible.

在连续两年获得“最有价值球员”奖后，斯蒂芬阐释了他的人生

观：“我从未真正想过改变比赛……我只想做我自己……我知道这激励着很多后辈、很多热爱篮球比赛的人，让他们认识到技术的重要性，认识到你可以通过每天的不断努力而

更进一步的原因。”斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。通过自信、勤奋、毅力，以及一只旧篮筐的帮助，他向人们证明了一切皆有可能

Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger

Developing ideas

The Return of the Champions

冠军归来

1 “The atmosphere here at Rio de Janeiro is electric! If China

wins this point, they will walk out of the stadium with an Olympic

gold medal. Zhang Changning serves. Over the net, Popovi c

dives for the ball. She only just and it’s sent straight

back to her by the Chinese spiker Hui Ruoqi. Popovic can’t get

the ball back and that’s it! It’s over! It’s gold for

China! Look how the crowd has gone wild. You can see the joy

and pride on the faces of the Chinese fans. And there we see the

Chinese players embracing, with tears of happiness in

It’s a dream come true for China! The Chinese women’s

volleyball team is Olympic champion once again!”

“这里是里约热内卢，现场气氛紧张而热烈！如果中国队拿下这一分，她们将赢得这枚奥运金牌。张常宁发球。球过网，波波维奇倒地接球，险险救起……中国队主攻惠若琪将球扣回，波波维奇这次没能接住……得分！比赛结束！中国队获得了金牌！看，观众沸腾了，中国球迷的脸上洋溢着喜悦和骄傲。我们看到中国队的队员们眼含幸福的热泪，相拥在一起……中国人实现了梦想！中国女排重回奥运之巅！”

2 The Chinese women’s volleyball team holds a very special

place in the nation’s heart. In the 1980s, the team burst onto

the international volleyball scene with several major world titles,

and an amazing three-set victory over the United States in the

final of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. They became national

heroes overnight. There was gold once more at Athens in 2004.

But winning gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the

team’s competitive spirit.

中国女排在中国人心中的地位非比寻常。20世纪80年代，中国女排赢得了多场世界大赛，并在1984年洛杉矶奥运会的决赛中以惊人的三连胜击败了美国队，在国际排坛大放异彩。一夜之间，中国女排成为国民英雄。到了2004年雅典奥运会，女将们再一次斩获金牌。但是，对于女排的拼搏精神最生动的写照，却是这次在里约的夺冠之路。

3 In Rio, the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of

its fighting spirit after it was assigned to the “group of death”,

where it faced several strong opponents

the group, with just two wins in preliminary matches, they

were not going to give up. Every single member of the team gave

their all to the fight, including Hui Ruoqi who had had heart

surgery less than five months previously.

在里约奥运会上，中国女排被分配到了“死亡之组”，因此她们必须拼尽全力，对抗小组赛中遇到的强大对手。虽然预赛中仅赢了两场，到四分之一决赛时还是小组第四，但她们从未想过放弃。每一个队员都全力以赴投入比赛，包括赛前不到五个月刚做完心脏手术的惠若琪。

4 Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against

the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals. Next, the

Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final

matches, having lost to them in the preliminaries. At last, showing

a strong will and the steeliest nerves, they played a close match

against Serbia to seize gold in the final.

在四分之一决赛对抗卫冕冠军巴西队时，中国队的顽强毅力得到

了回报，她们惊人地赢得了东山再起的机会。接着，中国队在半决赛中战胜了在预赛中曾惜败过的荷兰队。决赛时，虽然与塞尔维亚队比分胶着，但凭借着强大的决心和钢铁般的意志力，中国队最终勇夺桂冠。

5 But fighting spirit alone was not enough to guarantee

victory. Strong team spirit also contributed greatly to their

success. Cooperation between team members is essential. If each

individual does her job and works well with others, then the end

goal can be achieved. In fact, strong team spirit is more important

than the skills of individual players. Zhu Ting, named Most

Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics, also identified thi s as the

special ingredient in the team’s success: “Teamwork is the key

to China’s victory. Thanks to my teammates’ hard efforts, I had

the opportunity to show my spiking skill.”

但是仅凭拼搏精神远不足以锁定胜局。强大的团队精神也是中国女排成功的一大因素。团队成员之间的合作至关重要。只有每一名队员都能完成各自的任务，并与队友合作无间，才能实现最终目标。其实，强大的团队精神比队员的个人能力更重要。里约奥运会“最有价值球员”奖项得主朱婷，也认为这是团队获胜的诀窍：“团队合作是中国队获胜的关键。多亏了队友们的努力拼搏，才给了我展现扣球技术的机会。”

6 Together, the Chinese women’s volleyball team has

fought their way through ups and downs. Led by well-known

Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping, they have

continued to aim high. Lang is only too aware that as soon as a

team steps off the victory podium, they need to start from zero

to prepare for new challenges ahead. In this way, the team begins

its journey to the next Olympics.

在这条曲折起伏的道路上，中国女排共同奋力前行。在知名的前中国女排运动员和现任中国女排总教练郎平的带领下，队员们不断力

争上游。郎平很清楚，只要走下了领奖台，她们这支队伍就得重新出发，严阵以待，迎接新的挑战。中国女排的下一段奥运旅程就这样开始了。

Unit 4 Meeting the muse

Understanding ideas

What inspires you?

你的灵感从哪儿来？

Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an

idea. But where do artists get their ideas from? Who or what

inspires them? Here we find out more about the influences

behind the successes of three very different artists.

每位艺术家都希望创作出能表达自己理念的作品。但艺术家们的这些理念从何而来？是谁，抑或是什么启发了他们？下面，我们进一步发掘了三位截然不同的艺术家成功背后的因素。

Florentijn Hofman, visual artist

弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼，视觉艺术家

1 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, whose large sculptures

are on display all over the world. One way for him to find

inspiration is turning to his children’s toys. These objects have

given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the

famousRubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge

Floating Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of

Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.

弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。他的孩子们的玩具是他的一个灵感来源。霍夫曼从这些玩具身上得到启发，从而创作出动物形状的雕塑，比如著名的“大黄鸭”。他最近的新作是一条巨大的“浮鱼”，位于风景宜人的乌镇西栅景区内。

2 Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese

folk tales passed down through the generations. He was

particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping

through the “Dragon Gate”. This stor y came to life for Hofman

when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.

霍夫曼表示，“浮鱼”的灵感源自世代相传的中国民间故事。他对“鲤鱼跃龙门”的古老故事尤其感兴趣。当他游览乌镇，看到当地居民的生活时，这个故事立马生动地浮现于他的脑海中。

3 “During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the

fish being fed by people. You s ee also some fish sculpted on the

wall.” These sights set Hofman’s idea for Floating Fish in

motion.

“我住在镇上期间，当我散步的时候，看到人们在喂鱼。墙上还有鱼形的浮雕。”这些画面让霍夫曼渐渐浮现创作“浮鱼”的念头。

Tan Dun, composer

谭盾，作曲家

4 “There is no territory in the world of music.” These are

the words o f Chinese

filmCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing

Olympics.

“音乐的世界没有边界。” 中国作曲家谭盾如是说。这位著名的作曲家曾为电影《卧虎藏龙》配乐，并为2008年北京奥运会创作音乐。

5 To listen to Tan’s music is to experience a mix of Chinese

musical traditions and Western influences. Since his first opera,

Nine Songs, Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese

music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. As Tan

once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression”

of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.

欣赏谭盾的音乐，就是在感受中国音乐传统和西方影响的交融。从他的第一部歌剧《九歌》开始，谭盾一直在用中国音乐和来自世界各地的乐音讲述故事。他曾说过，中国音乐要承载人文精神的“共同理念”，才能被世界认可。

Yang Liping, dancer

杨丽萍，舞蹈家

6 Yang Liping’s passion is dancing. After winning a national

competition in 1986 with her Spirit of the Peacock dance, she has

been known as the “Peacock Princess”. The inspiration for her

famous dances has come from the time she spent in

Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province.

杨丽萍热爱舞蹈。1986年，她凭借《雀之灵》在全国舞蹈大赛上折桂。此后，她成为了家喻户晓的“孔雀公主”。她许多著名舞蹈作品的灵感都来源于她在云南西双版纳度过的一段时光。

7 “I feel very grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna,” says

Yang. “It gave me a chance to go deeper into the lives of various

Our ethnic groups, especially the Dai people,

admire the peacock. They think the peacock represents the

beauty of nature. I especially like the dance style of the Dai

people and it gives me lots of inspiration. My dance comes from

their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai women’s

beauty.”

杨丽萍说：“我很感激在西双版纳的那些年，它让我有机会深入到各个民族的生活里面……我们的少数民族，特别是傣族人民，特别喜爱孔雀。他们认为孔雀展现了自然之美。我特别喜欢傣族人的舞蹈风格，这给了我很多灵感。我的舞蹈源自他们的传统信仰，同时也致力于展现傣族女性的美。”

Unit 4 Meeting the muse

Developing ideas

ART&TECHNOLOGY

艺术与科技

Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or

maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights?

说到“艺术”，你想到了什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？

抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？

2 The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like

colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to

one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at

it, they could also interact with it—literally. They did this by using

their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as

these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?

美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品，晚上将其点亮时，它们就像七彩浮云。其中在温哥华展出的那一件，人们不仅可以欣赏，甚至可以与之互动。人们可以通过操作自己的手机改变它的颜色和图案。像这样的展览品无疑是新潮的激动人心之作，但它们真的可以算是艺术吗？

3 Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their

thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this,

they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet

Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather

than “technicians”. This means that art and technology have

always been seen as tw o very separate things.

无论你的看法如何，数千年来人们一直通过艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“技巧大师”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域。

4 Today, however, technological advances have led to a

combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is

changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever

before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings

from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming

Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have

sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in

front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking

in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing.

Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been

able to experience a digital version of this painting. Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the

characters move around and interact with their surroundings.

They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight

into nighttime.

然而如今，科技的进步使得艺术与科技结合。因此，艺术世界正发生着巨大的变化。现在，我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。例如，中国宋朝的传世名画之一《清明上河图》，因其极少被展出，人们有时要排队等上六个小时才有机会一睹其容。即使面对画卷，由于这幅画卷长达五米，人们也只有有限的时间来欣赏画面上汴京汴河沿岸的景色。然而，在科技的帮助下，已经有数百万人得以观摩这幅画作的数字化版本了。利用3D动画技术，观赏者可以看到画中的人物四处走动并与周围事物互动。他们甚至还可以看到从白天到夜晚画中不同场景的变化。

“artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part

in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips,

more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The

result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings

and videos.

艺术与科技的结合同样改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”这两个概念的理解。我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与艺术作品的创作。通过触手可及的新兴科技工具，越来越多的人开始发掘自己创新的一面，数字绘画、视频等激动人心的新型艺术形式应运而生。

6 However, the increase in the amount and variety of art

produced has also raised questions over its overall quality. Can a

video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really

be called “art”?

然而，艺术作品在数量和种类上的增加同时带来了整体质量上的问题。将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放，真的可以被称作“艺术”吗?

7 Similarly, such developments are making the line between

art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with

traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And

is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the

technology behind it? A recent project used technology and data

in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The

end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting”

created 347 years after the artist’s death. These advances are

perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than

humans create art.

同样，这种发展也使得艺术与科技的界限越来越模糊。那些并不熟悉传统艺术工具的人真的可以自诩为“艺术家”吗？艺术家到底是艺术本身的创造者，还是艺术背后技术的创造者？最近有一个项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。最终，通过3D打印技术，在这位艺术家去世347年后，一幅全新的“伦勃朗画作”诞生了。也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。

8 Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. Bu

t one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new

possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.

科技将会推动艺术发展至何种地步，我们不得而知。但唯一确定的是：随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性，我们一定可以期待意外的惊喜。

Unit 5 Revealing nature

Understanding ideas

A Journey of Discovery

发现之旅

the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little

known”. The person who answered the call was not the

captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical

school with out completing his degree. What’s more, he had

recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would

be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this,

his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most

important scientific discoveries of all time.

贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。

2 The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a

geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.

He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave

him the chance to study various living things in their natural

environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South

America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the

plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he

asked himself the question: how did different species come to

exist?

我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究

这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的?

3 At that time, people believed that all species had appeared

on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But

Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species

of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals

evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? It was

just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more

evidence.

当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。

4 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835,

Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that

interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a

difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed

their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on

that particular island.

1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。

5 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a

common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time

before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species.

And that was the answer to how new species of plants and

animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.

达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。

6 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution.

Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of

Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused

a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things,

including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They

were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so

convincing that more and more people started to believe his

theory.

这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。

7 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the

most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about

life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the

Beagle.

如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。

Unit 5 Revealing nature

Developing ideas

The Secret Language of Plants

植物密语

1 Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.

Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well

as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were

said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern

stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with

animals and people.

会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事，例如

电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。

revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can

communicate after all.

我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。

3 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals

to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say

a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny

amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This

is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When

another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured

neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some

of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the

wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.

Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system,

so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.

人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质相互交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。植物从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了!” 当另一株豆类植物检测到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于种植不用使用农药的农作物。

4 More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate.

People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them.

Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants

do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plant s. A

chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly.

Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water,

indicating drought is arriving.

更不可思议的是，植物还能用声音进行交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在缺水时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。

5 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of

communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.

Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some

ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a

worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites,

the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal

network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using

the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food

with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to

smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own

Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of

“cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread

poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will

learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks

within the wood wide web.

然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起

使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接。通过“植物万维网”，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维

网中的这些攻击。

6 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret

ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one

day we will know enough about plant communication to be able

to “talk” with them ourselves.

科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。

Unit 6 Nurturing nature

Understanding ideas

The Sky Railway

天路

1 Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m

about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts

claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along

steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway”

has been playing inside my head. The words “railways like

massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem

particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.

靠坐在火车的座位上，我简直不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路旅行。火车从西宁出发，向前平稳行驶。一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我的脑海中回响。当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词显得格外生动鲜活。

2 I was one of the people who came from all parts of China

to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the

most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the

delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.

修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。它历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。其中，如何保

护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们首要问题之一。

3 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid

Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over

permafrost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is