2024年2月17日发(作者：)

重点词汇短语细解

一、重点词汇细解

1．contribute

vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿

(1)contribute sth. to 把某物捐献给……

contribute to

(2)contribution n.

有助于；导致；投稿

捐献；贡献；投稿

make a contribution/contribution 对……做出贡献

Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。

I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.

我受邀为报纸撰写一篇文章,对新的一年进行预测。

I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.

我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。

The government should honor the engineer for the contribution he has made to the city’s development.

政府应为那位工程师对这座城市的发展所做出的贡献给予他荣誉。

Her contribution to the research went largely unacknowledged.

她对这项研究的贡献大都被忽略了。

We made a contribution to the famine relief fund.

我们给饥荒赈济基金捐了款。

His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.

他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。

即时应用：

①A large population and too many private cars contribute heavy traffic jam in the city.

②如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。

If you want to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.

③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make

some _ (contribute) to the class.

[联想发散] 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。

2．conclude

vt.& vi.结束；推断出

 sth.(1)concludefrom sth. that ...with de sth.by doing sth.

从……中推断出……

以……结束……

最后

得出结论

to conclude

(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion

in conclusion 总而言之

He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.

他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。

I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.

我断定他不适合做这项工作。

即时应用

语法填空

①He concluded_ _ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it important points.

小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。

③I drew__conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way. 我

从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。

【答案】①from ②with ③a

【解析】本题主要考查conclude的用法

完成句子

①从这些事实中你得出什么结论？

________ do you ________ the facts?

②他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。

He ____________ a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.

③最后，我想向我的家人表示感谢。

__________, I’d like to express my thanks to my family.

[联想发散] 表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to

sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。

3．expose

vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临

(1)expose to

(be) exposed to

(2)expose sb. to sth.

使……暴露于/面临/遭受……

暴露于……；处于……危险中

使某人接触到某物

①Don't expose_your_skin_to_direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt.

不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。

②If exposed (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared

for their future.

如果暴露于外部的环境，他们将变得更加强壮并能为未来做好准备。

③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.

一些人认为我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。

即时应用

完成句子

1. sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害。

is reported that he of the milk poisoning incident to the public.

他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。

fact that children too many violent online games worries parents

nowadays as well as the society.

孩子们接触到太多的暴力网络游戏,这一事实使现在的家长和社会尤为担心。

【答案】 exposed to

2. exposed the truth

exposed to

【解析】本题主要考查expose的用法

单选

When ________ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, ________ nervous

and anxious.

A. exposed; felt

B. exposed; feeling

C. exposing; feeling

D. exposing; felt

【答案】B

[名师指津] 在expose to 以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。

5．cure

n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗

a cure for

cure sb./a disease

cure sb. of sth.

针对……的治疗(法)

治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病

治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等

①Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still

no excellent cure for it.

王教授说近视的原因很复杂，现在仍然没有好的治疗方法。

②The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.

新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的失眠，这令他感到欣慰。

[辨析比较] cure, treat

cure

强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb. of sth.结构

强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb. for＋疾病

treat

即时应用

选用以上单词填空

The doctor ______ her headache with the best medicine, but did not ______ her of the disease.

【答案】treated; cure

【解析】本题主要考查treat和cure的区别

6．blame

vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于

n．过失；责备

(1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事

blame sb.

be to blame (for)

把某事归咎于某人

应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备

(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on 将某事归咎于……

①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.

→She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.

她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。

②I am not to_blame (blame) for my laziness, mum. I'm what you have made me.

妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。

③It is common that nowadays some students put the blame for their poor performance in study

on their low IQ.

如今，一些学生把他们的学习成绩不好归咎于他们的智商低，这很常见。

即时应用

语法填空

are blaming the accident dangerous driving.

. Green stood up in defence of the 16­year­old boy, saying that he was not the one

(blame).

【答案】 blame.

【解析】本题主要考查blame的用法

完成句子

ing to the driver’s explanation, it was not his carelessness but the bad road

conditions that .

根据驾驶员的解释,事故的发生不是由于他的粗心大意而是恶劣的道路状况造成的。

drunk driver should the traffic accident.

那位醉酒司机应该承担交通事故责任。

单选

It was the boy, rather than his teachers, that ________ for what the boy had done.

A. were to blame

B. were to blamed

C. was to blame

D. was to be blamed

【答案】C

[名师指津] be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。

7．absorb

vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解

(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意

absorb into

(2)absorbed

adj.

(be) absorbed in

把……吸收进……

全神贯注的

全神贯注于……

①Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the

brain.

几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中开始对大脑起作用。

②A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in_his

reading.

一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。

③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.

他专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

即时应用

语法填空/完成句子

could tell he was absorbed his conversation, not paying much attention to the road.

tely her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours

in her study.

这位年轻作家在她的书房里一连十几个小时专心思考和创作她的新小说。

3. Most little shops （absorb） into big businesses due to the influence of the global

financial crisis.

【答案】 2. absorbed in been absorbed

【解析】本题主要考查absorb的用法

单选

She was so ________ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door at all.

A. attracted

C. drawn

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她如此专注于工作,以至于完全没有听到有人在敲门。be absorbed in / be devoted to 专心致力于……,全神贯注于……。本题四个选项中容易误选devoted，因此提醒考生需要注意介词的搭配，这也是高考当中常见的出题点，要给予足够重视。

[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed

in 。类似的结构还有：

①be lost in

②be caught in

③be buried in

④be devoted to

⑤be occupied in

⑥be involved in

陷入……；专心致志于……

被困在……

埋头于……

致力于……；专心于……

忙于……

专注于……

B. absorbed

D. devoted

8．attend

vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理

vi.专心；留意

attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church

attend to

参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜

处理；倾听；专心于

①I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend_the_lecture on American history tomorrow

afternoon.

非常抱歉我明天下午不能去听关于美国历史的演讲了。

②I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.

今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。

即时应用

语境填词：用attend，join in，join，take part in的适当形式填空

An old Party member who ________ the Party in 1949 ________ the meeting. He________ our group

discussion and encouraged us to ________ various social activities.

9．instruct

vt.命令；指示；教导

(1)instruct sb. to do sth.

instruct sb. in (doing) sth.

命令某人做某事

指导某人(做)某事

instruct sb. that (should) do sth.

(2)instructive

adj.

instruction

n.

命令……(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)

指示性的；有教育意义的

指令；说明(常用复数)

The college will need an additional teacher to instruct the boys in cooking.

这所大学需要增加一名教员来向男生传授烹饪技术。

即时应用

instructed him that he (leave) the country at once.

the (instruct) on the packet carefully.

10．challenge

n．挑战

vt.向……挑战

(1)face the challenge 面临挑战

accept/take up a challenge

(2)challenge sb. to sth.

challenge sb. to do sth.

(3)challenging

adj.

接受挑战

向某人挑战某事

向某人挑战做某事

具有挑战性的

①He himself says he will face_the_challenge_bravely.

他本人说他会勇敢地面对挑战。

②I want to challenge him_to a game of basketball.

我想向他挑战一场篮球赛。

[名师指津] challenge本身已内含“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。

[误]to challenge to sb.向某人挑战[正]to challenge sb.

二、重点短语细解

1．put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨

put away

put aside

put down

put on

put off

put up

put through

put out

put up with

把……收拾好；整理；储蓄

把……放到一边；储存

放下；写下；记下；镇压

穿上；上演；增加

推迟；延期

搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿

接通电话；完成

扑灭

容忍；忍受

⑤First he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.

首先他开了家商店，然后他在商店外面挂了一个条幅来吸引顾客。

⑥It has become a habit for some students to put_off their homework.

对有些学生来说推迟他们的作业已成为一种习惯。

即时应用

[一词多义] 写出下列句中put forward的含义

①I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.

②You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.

③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.

④I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.

【答案】①提出 ②将(钟表等)向前拨 ③将……提前 ④推荐

【解析】本题主要考查put forward的含义

单选

None of the travelers paid attention to the advice ________ by the villager. As a result,

they got lost in the forest.

A. put aside

B. put forward

C. put down

D. put out

【答案】B

2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通

(1)make sense of

make no sense

理解；明白

没意义

(2)in a sense

in no sense

在某一方面；就某种意义来说

决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)

做某事没道理 There is no/little sense in doing sth.

①See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't_make_sense_to buy the cheapest brand

of computer just to save a few dollars.

瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。

②We read it through, but could not make_sense_of_it.

我们从头到尾读了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。

③In no sense should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.

你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。

即时应用

语法填空

makes sense （work） on the problem before it gets out of control.

ng so far ahead makes sense—so many things will have changed by next year.

when you read between the lines several times can you make sense the main idea of this

passage.

【答案】1. to work 2. No 3. of

【解析】本题主要考查make sense的用法

完成句子

1. in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.

如果我们打算以后把门换掉,那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。

2. are people allowed to hunt wild animals for their meat or fur.

决不能允许人们猎杀野生动物以获取它们的肉或皮毛。

are right , but you don’t know all the facts.

在某种意义上你是对的, 但你不了解全部的事实。

【答案】 is no sense no sense 3. in a sense

【解析】本题主要考查sense的用法

单选

What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make any ________ of it.

A. message

B. information

C. understanding

D. sense

【答案】D