2024年2月6日发(作者：)

Unit5 Languages Around the World

一、词性转化

refer v.提到；参考；查阅；查询；叫......求助于

reference n.指称关系；参考

base v.以...为基础 n.底部；根据

based adj.以...为基础的

basic adj.基础的；基本的

basis n.基础；基本原则

symbol n.符号；象征

symbolize v.象征

vary v.不同；变化

various adj.各种各样的

variety n.变体；多样化；异体

major ad.主要的；重要的 v.主修 n.专业课程；主修学生majority n.大多数

minor adj.较小的；次要的 v.辅修 n.辅修课程；辅修学生

minority n.少数

mean v.意思是；意味着；打算 adj.吝啬的

means n.方式；方法；途径

meaning n.意思；意义

meaningful adj.有意义的

meaningless adj.无意义的

regard v.把...视为...;看待... n.尊重；关注

regarding prep.鉴于；关于；至于

globe n.地球；世界

global adj.全球的

globally adv.全世界；世界上

appreciate v.欣赏；重视；感激；领会

appreciation n.欣赏；感激；领会

specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的

specifically adv.特定地；明确地

beg v.恳求；祈求；哀求

beggar n.乞丐

equal adj.相同的；同样的 n.同等的人；相等物

equally adv.平等地

equality n.同等

describe v.描述；描绘

description n.描述；描写；形容

二、相关短语

attitude 对...的态度

hold/have attitude 对...持有...的态度

attitude of mind 心态；看法

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大部分学生对这类课外活动持有积极的态度。

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你若改变你的心态，你就可以改变你的人生。

base v.以...为据点；以...为基础 n.底部；根据

based adj.以...为基础的

basic adj.基本的；基础的

basis n.基础；基本原则

/ 把...建立在...基础之上

be based 以...为基础；依据...

on the 以...为基础

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成功的学习基于好的方法和习惯。

regard n.尊重；关注 v.把...视为；看待

give one’s regards to sb 向...致意；代...向...问候

as... 把...看作...

as regards=in/with regard to 关于.../至于...

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请代我向你父母致以最诚挚的问候，并且我期待着不就后收到你的来信。

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杜甫被看作是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。

appreciate v.欣赏；重视；感激；领会

appreciation n.感激；欣赏；领会

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appreciate + n./ pron./ 重视/感激......

I would appreciate 假如......我将不胜感激......。

show one’s appreciation to sb 向某人表示感激

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我将很感激你允许我定个其他日期领着你参观北京。

I would appreciate ___ if you paid in cash.

I really appreciate _________(work)with someone who does such a

good job.

refer to 提及，涉及；指的是；相关，适用于；查阅

native adj.出生地的；本土的；土著的 n.本地人

a native of 生于...的人；原产于...的动/植物

be 原产于...；原籍是...

native language 母语

native land 本国；祖国

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当谈到成都的时候，我第一个想到的是熊猫，四川的特有物种。

despite=in spite of prep.即使；尽管（介词，后接n.或名词性短语）

though=although conj.即使；尽管(连词，后接完整的句子)

date back to ... 追溯到......

date from 追溯到；始于

up to date 时髦的

out of date 过时的

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京剧有超过200年的历史，可追溯到清朝。

vary v.改变；变化 .从...到...不等；在...之间变动

various adj.各种各样的 for various reasons 由于种种原因

variety n.多样化 a variety of / varieties of 各种各样的......

“A variety of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

“Varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

major in 主修...；以......为专业

a 大多数......

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他鼓励我在大学学习英语，成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。

means n.方式；方法；途径

by this means 用这种方法 by all means 当然可以；一定；务必

by means of 用；依靠；借助于

by no means 绝不；一点儿也不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装）

means是单复数同形的名词，它的单复数意义取决于它的修饰词。

All means have been tried, but he still failed.

Every means has been tried, but he still failed.

扩展：

mean to do sth 打算/企图做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事

be meab for 打算做...用的；打算给予......

be of importance =be important ......是重要的

be of + 抽象名词=be+这个名词的形容词

be of value=be valuable 有价值的

be of much help= be helpful 有帮助的

be of use= be useful 有用的

be of benefit=be beneficial 有好处的；有益的

Eg: As everybody know, civilized behaviors are of

great______________(important) for us students.

struggle n./v.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

struggle against 为反对...而斗争

为...而斗争

struggle with ... 与...打架；与...斗争

struggle to do sth 努力做某事

equal n.同等的人，相等物 adj.相同的；同样的

be 与...相等；等于...；能胜任...

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最后，黑人实现了与白人平等的梦想。

Although it is important for them to have a better performance in the

exam, health is___________(equal) important.

demand vi.需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要

be in great demand 迫切需要

meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求

demand to do sth 要求做某事

(should) do sth 要求...做某事。

Eg:(1)With the development of society, more qualified teachers are in

great demand in the future.

(2)She demanded that she _________(see)the headmaster immediately

to settle the problem.

relate v.联系；讲述

relation n.关系；联系；亲戚

be 与...有关

将...与...联系起来

Generally speaking, lung cancer _____________(relate)to smoking.

have trouble with sth 在某方面有困难/麻烦

have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦

trouble可替换为difficulty, a problem, problems, a hard/tough time.

I have trouble _________(tell)differences between the two words.

I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble _______ your Chinese study.

In my opinion, taking a break/rest between classes is definitely

important.

动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。

动名词作主语时，常用It作形式主语，构成下列句式：

It’s no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣。

It’s no fun doing sth.做某事没有乐趣。

It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用。

It’s no good doing sth.做某事没有好处。

It’s a waste of time/money doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间/金钱。

__________(read)them can help us improve our English as well as

enrich our knowlegde.

The more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.

我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。

（1）The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语， the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语。 越......越......。

The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest.

（2）more 越来越......

The weather is getting colder and colder.天气正变得越来越冷。

疑问词+动词不定式

（1）在本结构中，疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which,

whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why”,此外，连接词“whether”也适用。

I don’t know whether to tell him the truth.

（2）本结构相当于一个名词或代词短语的作用，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语等。

I don’t know what to do in such a situation.

Where to go is unknown.

How______________(express)myself properly in English is a problem.

Speak slowly, which allows you to pause and consider

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what______(say)next.

as的用法：

(1) “随着......”，引导时间状语从句。

Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons.

(2) “当......的时候”引导时间状语从句。

As I read your email, I felt surprised, disappointed, and even a bit

angry.

(3) “因为；由于”，引导原因状语从句。

As I’m ill, Iwon’t attend his wedding.

(4) “正如；如同”，引导方式状语从句。

Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗。

You must do everything as I do.

(5)“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。

Young as he is, he has been one of the most famous painters in our

country.

(6)“A和.一样.......”，引导比较状语从句，常用句型为“A + 谓语 +

as + 形容词/副词的原级 + as + B”

I’m not so good at drawing as you.

(7)

①作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，用在“as....”，“the

as...”，等结构中，常意为“像......一样（的人或物）”。

I have the same watch as you wear.

②作关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替整个句子，意为“正如”。

as we all know=as is known to all(众所周知), as you see, as it often

happens（正如经常发生的那样）, as is often the case（情况常常是如此）...

As is known to all, light travels faster than sound.

练习：

1. AI has caused __________(globe)influence on people’s daily life.

2. Yesterday I ________(beg)him to come back to New York with me.

3. He _____________(regard)as the most successful president of

modern times.

4. The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally

beyond_______________(describe)