2024年1月20日发(作者：)

非谓语动词之动词不定式

第一篇：非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词 之 动词不定式

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)

(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)

(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)

一、动词不定式

(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die

like ’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for

sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何

(二)作宾语及宾语补语。

1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨

厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when,

where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to

answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call

on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得,

notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看 等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。

I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。

I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a

decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new

machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。

4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。

在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’

t you come with us?

5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能

跟不定式作宾补。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答

(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be

able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。

(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which,

when, where, how,还包括

whether)

(1)做主语。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a

question mark.(2)做表语。例如：

The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into

practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain,

forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember,

see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think,

understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell,

inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this

form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage

the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my

English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a

foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved

感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你

们很幸运。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear

听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already

taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s

known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think

he really wants 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to应该

plan to 计划 want to要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question

had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the

cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left

school → to see

4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so

many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that

drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold

10) seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him

more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pass the

examination

13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight

anymore

17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see

what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to

accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be

standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been

defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to

be finished in class

26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be

your friend

第二篇：非谓语动词

初中英语分类练习

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(, 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have 不定式作状语）

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a

condition 是 working 的状语）It's too difficult for him to master

English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to 是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（是分词的被动形式）非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to writeto be written

进行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成进行to have been writing

现 在 分 词主动被动

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

过去分词主动被动

一般written

动名词主动被动

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1.动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy teach English is

my 's my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以

放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。

2.动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide,

begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, I wish

is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。

4.动词不定式作表语 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5.动词不定式作定语：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

6.不定式作状语：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a

Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

动词不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。

带疑问词的不定式：

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？

带逻辑主语的不定式：

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help

each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1)动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not ng from others is

g on more clothes is not so good.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go 's very difficult

climbing this mountain.2)动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the is

believing.3)动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest,

finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, stop smoking in the

house.I like reading in the you mind my opening the

windows?

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading slept in the sleeping

bag.（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的被动形式 ：

（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really

stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况：

1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape,

forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist,

suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse,

undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend,

attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try,

deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。

I like promised to help love watching

VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a

letter to my parents.3)“stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4)动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

●分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。workingworkedwashingwashed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1.分词作定语

China is a developing 's an interesting

girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the

boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital

is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）

2.分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help g a new pair

of glasses, she can read is there waiting for by

the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分词作表语

The story is are interested in

glass is water is boiled.4.分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find,

have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them

singing in the found the boy 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare

to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into

the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be

completed next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

第三篇：非谓语动词

非谓语动词专项练习

______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the

Great been

policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady

lying on the find

boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands

______.g;;trembling

;g;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second in

a stick in her hand

in in hands

of them got up early ______ to catch the early

pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

hear

should prevent pollution ______

live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the

have

came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the

be won

boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______

to his be

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last be painted

likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because

it is too swim;to ng;swimming

swim;ng;to swim

is ______ what the weather will be

known

novel is said ______ into many

translated

have been been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished

______ the possible mistakes in

t

would not allow him ______ across the enemy

risk g to go

risk to going

spent as much time as he could _____ the

teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected

going

pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the

entered

Green entering

set out ______ for the ______

ing;ing;lost

search; search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit

heard

she heard

arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate

closely g

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

---- can have a rest or do something

be type

manager promised to keep me ______ of how our

business was going be informing

ing

a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt

worried all the settled

those ______ the children from abroad come to the

headmaster’s office?

teaching

______ for the job, you will be required to take a

language iewed

interviewed

apologized for ______ to attend the

not being being not able

not being able not

would not allow him ______ across the enemy

risk g to go risk to going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may

produce variants(变异

体)of genes in human

exposed

being exposed

became the 143rd member of the World Trade

Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish

to join the global trade

realize

looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted

out the words ______ in his heart for g;having

;hidden

g;;hiding

apologized for ______ to attend the

not being being not able

not being able not

will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling

abroad or working in the countryside?

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for

their locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your

wedding informed

have been inform

wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall

without anyone ______.

noticed

______ for the job, you will be required to take a

language iewed

interviewed

spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the

to be be to hear

early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-

supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50

households or have

had

building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy

______ in carried out;to complete d out;to be

completed

be carried out;to complete be carried out;to be

completed

reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is

that her mother wouldn’t allow her

e

me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand

Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a

made made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but

there’s no need ______ a new pair for have

be buying

worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in

the not not being allowed

not been being not allowed

do a bit for the motherland, ______.g hard is

necessary

learn a foreign language is needed

is important to master science

should serve the people whole-heartedly

hing ______ into consideration, they ought to have

another be

officials discussed the plan that they would like to see

______ the next ng carry

d out

a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt

worried all the settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something

be type

manager promised to keep me ______ of how our

business

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之不定式

新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之不定式

1．定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。

2．形式：（以do为例）

主动语态

被动语态 一般时

to do

to be done 进行时

to be doing 完成时

to have done

to have been done 完成进行时

to have been doing

3．用法：

（1）用作主语：

To speak good English is not : It is not easy to speak

good English.（采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an

11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

was going be

ing

hour to do the work.（2）用作宾语：

She decided to take the examination.I hope to meet him

soon.（3）宾语补足语：

They expected us to help s his son to study hard.金牌重点：

不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear,

notice, watch, make, have, ），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made

her clean the girl is heard to sing an English song.（4）用作表语： To teach is to job is to sell cars.（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：

We come to school to study English.（目的）

= in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果）

（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a

piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of

poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the you

anything to do?

= to do anything

4．不定式的时态意义：

She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）

She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）She

seems to have danced well.（过去情况）

Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）

5．不定式语态：

The doctor [wrecommend]recommended[/w] him to air the

doctor recommended the room to be

expects the police to find her expects her bicycle to

be found by the felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her

such a felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a

question.6．不定式否定形式：not He got up early in order

not to miss the train.测试精编

you find out ________ the pie out of oven? take

taken

to take

taken

would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on

your desk every g up

be put up

pile up

up

shall set Jim ________ the ning

ned

explain

n

fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in

Los

stay

staying

have stayed

Curies is believed ________ the

ering

discovered

have discovered

discover

（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻„„）

KEYS

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.B

5.C

第五篇：英语非谓语动词

主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）

不定式

to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be

doing（进行式）

动名词

doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;

非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．

动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign

language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted

to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning

exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their

aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do

next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to ,

belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give

in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter

the classroom.）

3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用’s necessary for you to study ’s foolish of him to do

it.与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful ,

careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree ,

know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide ,

determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean ,

choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to

obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the

laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to ,

love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不

定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to lend me something

to write is looking for a room to live He is looking for a

room to live has no money and no place to live(in).I think

the best way to travel(by)is on is no time to

think(about).2）主谓关系：

She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank I have no letters to be posted now

(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因

He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager ,

, fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened ,

disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2)目的

He came to help me with my maths.3)结果

I hurried to get there only to find him book is too

hard for the boy to is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make,

observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃

点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：

1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to

tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s

no use talking with ’s no good speaking to them like

that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty

可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good

time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to

do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …

有意要做某事 mean doing …

意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret

doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …

尽力去做某事 try doing

试着做某事 learn to do …

学着去做某事 learn doing …

学会做某事

stop to do …

停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …

停止做某事 go on to do …

接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …

过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事

2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达

n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a

sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which

is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping

boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His

coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态

5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape ,

excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss ,

se , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look

forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand ,

be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。 is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。

secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long

speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief

stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：

1．现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The

soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier

who was wounded in the war has become a is a

developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is is

interested in he news 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）

The blackboard is ’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken ,

gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried ,

surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank ,

done

3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The

situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如：

How is the situation in our country ? It is is

your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something

doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat ,

prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the

chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went

home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of

the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen

leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to

be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the

river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed

three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from

the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习

I.单项选择

of the people _____ to the party were famous

d invite invited ng

2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand

being told had been told was told

told

reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big

rock by the side of the have rested g rest

next morning she found the man ______ in bed ,

purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ,

_______ it more make to make making

not make Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not

include women plays until playing be first played

played be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to

raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret

____________ do be doing have done

visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks ,

_______ that he had enjoyed his stay added add

9._______ a reply , he decided to write

receiving ing not having received

not received speaker raised his voice, but he still

couldn’t make himself ________. hear g

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country

be studied have studied study be studying

have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空

Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this

doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He

always works computer centre , ______(open)last year ,

is very popular among the students in this on

_____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this

about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A

2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II be taken;

learn;; do;

非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you

on this nice have had time

time

have time

having time could do nothing but ________ to his

teacher that he was

ed

ing

admit order to gain a bigger share in the

International market, many state-run companies are striving

_________ their products more make

have made

made _______, the museum will be open to

the public next ted

ting

completed

be completed a trip abroad a certain good for

the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy

see

be seen

manager, ________ his factory products were

poor in quality, decided to give his workers further

g

know

known man we followed suddenly stopped

and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right

seen

have seen

see discovery of new evidence led to ______.

thief having caught

the thief

thief being caught

thief to be caught looked around and caught a

man ______ his hand into the pocket a

be putting

put

g apologized for _______ to inform me the

change in the being not able

not to be able

not being able

to be not able ly, a tall man _________ the girl

and took her away, ________ into the g;disappeared

;disappeared

g;disappearing

;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour,

Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at

wait

waited

waited

have waited ’t leave the water ______ while you

brush your

g

run

run flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to

reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and

g

caused

be caused

have caused flowers ________ sweet in the botanic

garden attracted the visitors to the beauty smell

ng

be smelt you are planning to spend your money

having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big

bills

ting

forget news reporters hurried to the airport, only

_______ the film star had already tell

be told

g

been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a

hard time ________ the

pass

g were silly not ________ your lock

have locked

g

locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth,

the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at e

comparing

ing

compared 21.________ with a difficult situation,

Arnold decided to his boss for face

faced

storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this

have caused

cause

caused been attacked by terrorists,

_________.s came to their rescue

tall building collapsed

emergency measure was taken

gs were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a

large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will

find it easier to communicate and

g

know

watching TV, ________. doorbell rang

doorbell rings

heard the doorbell ring

heard the doorbell rings is necessary to be

prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of

great have had

had

27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise

_________. on

on

on

go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of

anybody, but the manager’s plan is sound

be sounded

ng

have sounded last, we found ourselves in a

pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to

eat our picnic g

sat

sit

30.I really can’t understand _________ her like

treat

to treat

treat

treating bank is reported in the local

newspaper__________ in broad daylight robbed

been robbed

have been robbed

32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are

wild flowers of different grow

g

the building project ________ by the end of this

month is delayed, the construction company will be

completed

completed

be completed

ted was much disappointed to see

the washing machine she had ________ went wrong

repaired

be repaired

ed one had told Smith about __________ a

lecture the following being

be

would be

was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however

small it is , than ______ a room with someone

share

g

have shared this kind of medicine, if ________,

will surely produce side ue

B having continued

uing

ued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was

what her parents wished girl was educated

girl educated

girl’s educating

girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan

pay any attention to _________ his ng;correcting

scolded;correct

scolded;correcting

been scolded;correct stopped eating

chocolate, and he went back ___________ smoking

smoke

g

41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models

of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in

power and one of him when _________ by US

ng

be caught

catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back

to the hotel last night?

-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things

worse, it began to

make

made

43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear

something when you applied for an instructor?

------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the

people in the have mentioned;were

have;are

ning;have been

have been mentioned;had been no rain for

three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here

is getting from bad to

g

run

be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t

_______ him any ;blame

ered;say

regard;scold

ering;speak two scientists have discovered

65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other

been found

found

be found

bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from

birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ ;killed

;killing

ng;to kill

ng;killing speech which he made ________ the

football match bored a lot of fans to concerned

concerned

ned

ning no money but _______ to know, he

simply said he would go without to want anyone

no one

wanting anyone

want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded

outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 been

injured

injured

ng

d 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?

------’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,

never ______ find

be found

g

found offered us a lift when he was leaving

the office but our work _______, we refused the

finishing

not been finished

having finished

being finished ___________ nature resources,

the area is well

g of

g

in worried me most was ________to go

abroad not allowing

not allowed

being not allowed

not being allowed job was to wash bottles, which

would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in

put

g

put

put

Answer: 1-5 BAAAB

6-10 ADCDC

11-15 DCBCB

16-20 ABDBD

21-25CDBAC

26-30 DAADD

31-35CBCDA

36-40 ADDAA

41-45ABBBA

46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA