2024年1月19日发(作者：)

Unit 4

Listening and speaking

Pronunciation and listening skills

Scripts

Her name is Mary.↘ The speaker doesn’t believe it.

Her name is Mary.↗ The speaker has mentioned the name several times and become

impatient.

Her name is Mary.∨ The speaker states clearly that she is Mary.

Her name is Mary.∧ The speaker didn’t hear the name and wants the name to be repeated.

News report

Scripts

In recent years, the Palace Museum culture has become a hit. “Discover the Forbidden City” is an

interactive experience sponsored by China Cultural Centre in Sydney and the Palace Museum. As

part of the experience, cultural communication activities were held at four local schools in Sydney

from November 21 to November 22. They aimed to increase local students’ understanding of

Chinese culture.

At the events, two lecturers introduced the cultural resources in the Palace Museum in English. After

the introduction, crafting activities including adding color to pictures shaped like dragon robes

became the highlights of the event.

Australia is the fourth station of the interactive experience tour following Malta, Singapore and

Thailand. The Palace Museum will continue to organize more interactive activities to promote its

collections and Chinese culture.

Keys

1 C 2 C 3 D

Conversation

Scripts

Alice: Hey, Li Lei. Andrew and I have been invited to a Chinese home for dinner. We wonder what

gifts to take.

Li Lei: What do you have in mind?

Alice: I’m thinking about some decorations, such as flowers, a clock, and …

Li Lei: Hang on, did you say “clock”? Uh, actually we don’t give clocks as presents, especially to

older people.

Alice: Do you mean it’s a bad idea to give clocks as presents? But why?

Li Lei: Well, they have a funeral connotation in China.

Alice: Can you explain that?

Li Lei: The Chinese pronunciation of “clock” is the same with that of “end”. The latter one usually

suggests a person’s death. So presenting a clock as a gift is a taboo.

Alice: I see. Thanks for your advice.

Li Lei: You’re welcome!

Keys

1

1 F 2 T 3 F

2

☑ 1 Hang on, did you say …?

☑ 3 Do you mean …?

☑ 5 Can you explain that?

3

Sample conversations

Situation 1

Lily: Hi, John. I am planning to visit Beijing, and this is my first time. I was wondering if you could

tell me something about Beijing since you have been there before.

John: Sure. It’s my pleasure.

Lily: What is the weather like there?

John: It’s usually very cold and dry in winter. You should bring a down coat with you. And there

are so many beautiful scenic spots in Beijing. You’d better plan out in advance.

Lily: Could you be more specific?

John: Before you go to visit the scenic spots, you should get to know the route and the means of

transportation the day before. It will save you time. You can also gather some information

about the places you’re going to visit.

Lily: I see. Thank you.

Situation 2

Sammy: Stacey, I’m very interested in tennis lately and I want to learn how to play it. Could you

please tell me something about it?

Stacey: Sure. What do you want to know?

Sammy: I would like to know the basic rules in playing tennis.

Stacey: The overall goal of tennis is to gain points to win games (局), sets (盘), and matches. A

player wins a set when he wins six games, provided he is ahead of his opponent by two

games.

Sammy: Would you elaborate on that?

Stacey: If the difference between the players is less than two games, the game may continue till

either wins the set by a margin of two.

Sammy: I see. Thanks for the information.

Stacey: You’re welcome.

Passage

Scripts

Customs are often different from country to country. Take greeting for example. When people meet

each other for the first time in England, they say “How do you do?” and shake hands. They, however,

don’t do so if they see each other regularly. Differently, Germans are great hand-shakers.

People have known that it is helpful to learn some of the customs of other countries before going

abroad. But sometimes funny stories still happen. Last year, a group of German students went to

England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when

they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English

students, however, had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their

hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh.

Keys

1

1 B 2 C

2

1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F

Reading

Passage A

Language points

1. … if you travel，you see new customs, meet new people, eat new food, do new things, and come

back home more broad-minded. (Para. 1)

broad-minded: a. willing to listen to other people’s opinions and accept behavior that is different

from your own 心胸开阔的

[Note] 后缀-minded 可放在一些形容词后构成新的形容词，表示“具有某种特点的；持有某种态度或观点的”。如：narrow + minded = narrow-minded 心胸狭隘的，气量小的；absent

+ minded = absent-minded 心不在焉的，健忘的。

2. Not as good as ours, mind you, but they were acceptable. (Para. 2)

[Note] mind you用作插入语，意为“请注意”。

e.g. They provide a good service. Mind you, they charge enough for it.

3. I had fried eggs and chips, but it takes quite an effort to get the French to make them. (Para. 2)

quite a / an / some: used before a noun for emphasizing that sth. is unusual or interesting （后接名词表示强调）相当（不寻常或有趣）

e.g. Kobe Bryant was quite a good basketball player.

[Note] 句中 it 为形式主语，to get the French to make them为逻辑主语。

4. And do you know, they insisted that it was marmalade? (Para. 2)

insist: v. to say firmly and repeatedly that sth. is true, esp. when other people think it may not be

true 坚称；坚决认为

e.g. Ben insisted that he was right.

Jenny’s friends insisted she had tried her best.

5. I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word “marmalade” from French, and that it

means, in that language, any kind of jam. (Para. 3)

[Note] 我们有时可以用it作为先行宾语。如果动词的宾语是动词不定式词组或从句，并带有形容词或名词补语，就用it作先行宾语。该结构为“主语 + 动词 + it + 补语 + 动词不定式 / 从句”。可以构成该结构的动词有find、make、feel、consider、regard等。

e.g. Do you find it worthwhile to create a new platform?

The boss didn’t feel it necessary to mention this to his employees.

[Note] 不定式 to explain 后面跟了两个由that引导的宾语从句。

6. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly as if he were in England and had judged

it entirely from his own English viewpoint. (Para. 3)

[Note] determined to do sth.意为“决心做某事”。

e.g. This football team was determined to win the game.

[Note] from sb’s own viewpoint意为“从某人的角度考虑”。

e.g. The experienced headmaster told the young teacher to think of the problem from the child’s

viewpoint.

7. People of all different races, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear,

taste, and smell according to their own habits and customs. (Para. 4)

[Note] 介词短语of all different races和in all foreign countries为后置定语，修饰people。

[Note] be found doing sth.表示“被发现正在做某事或处于某种状态”。

e.g. The art student was found trying to copy the statue.

[Note] judging为现在分词作主语补足语。

8. People who have read a lot about foreign countries tend to be more ready to accept and adjust to

foreign things … (Para. 4)

[Note] adjust to sth.意为“适应某事物；习惯某事物”。

e.g. It took the old lady several seconds to adjust to the darkness.

9. But actual physical contact with things one is not used to is much more difficult to bear. (Para. 4)

be / get used to (doing) sth.: to have experienced sth., so that it does not seem surprising, difficult,

strange etc. anymore 习惯于（某事物）

e.g. I go to school by bus every day, so I’m used to it.

[Note] 本句中one is not used to为定语从句，先行词是things。引导定语从句的关系代词that被省略了。关系代词who、whom、which和that在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。

e.g. Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to?

Is there anything (that) you wanted?

10. Physical differences, however, are not so difficult to adapt to as religious and ethical ones. (Para.

5)

not so ... (as): used for saying that one person or thing has less of a particular quality than

another 不如……

e.g. The idea is not so perfect as it sounds.

The situation is not so bad as has been described.

[Note] adapt to意为“适应”。

e.g. Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life.

11. When a foreigner offers an Indonesian something with his left hand, or holds out his left hand

to take something he is being offered, the Indonesian may explain this action rationally as arising

from a difference in custom, but the deep prejudice against the use of the left hand, which they

have been lectured about over and over again since they were young, will not be so easily done

away with. (Para. 5)

over and over (again): repeatedly 再三地，反复地

e.g. The weight lifter had to lift different weights and do it over and over again.

do away with: to get rid of sth. 摆脱；废除

e.g. The doctor suggested the man do away with the bad habits that might damage his health.

[Note] explain … as …意为“把……解释为”。

e.g. The student explained his absence from class as a result of a traffic jam.

[Note] arise from / out of: 意为“由……引起；由……产生”。

e.g. Accidents arise from carelessness.

[Note] prejudice against sth. / sb.: 对某事物 / 某人的偏见

e.g. They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees.

12. There are some travelers who adapt so successfully to foreign customs and habits that they are

often severely criticized by their more stubborn fellow countrymen. (Para. 6)

[Note] so … that …意为“如此……以至于…… ”。so后跟形容词或副词，that引导结果状

语从句。

e.g. The lesson was so interesting that all the students listened to their teacher without any

distraction.

13. If they are Asians, they are accused of having become “Westernized”; and if they are

Europeans, people say they have “gone native”. (Para. 6)

accuse: v. to say that sb. has done sth. bad 指责

e.g. Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.

go native: to start living like local people when you are in another country 过当地人的生活；入乡随俗

e.g. The tourists decided to go native and sample the local cuisine.

14. Perhaps the ideal would be that travel could make people tolerant of the habits and customs of

others without abandoning their own. (Para. 7)

tolerant: a. allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without punishing or

criticizing them 宽容的；容忍的

e.g. We should be tolerant of the views of others, even if we disagree with them.

Translation

旅游能开阔眼界吗？

1 我们经常听到人们说旅游能开阔眼界。如果你一辈子都待在自己家里，那么你的视野就很狭隘；如果你旅游，你就会看到不一样的风俗，遇到不一样的人，吃不一样的食物，做不一样的事情，回来后你的眼界就更开阔了。

2 但是，情况是否总是这样呢? 我有一个熟人，一直住在英国，以前从未出过国，直到去年夏天，他才决定到法国旅行。回来后，我问他觉得怎么样。“糟糕透了，”他回答道。“我在那里连一杯好茶也喝不到。谢天谢地，我现在回来了。”我问他在那边吃过什么好东西没有。他说：“哦，正餐还好，我发现一个小地方做的炸鱼加薯条不错。说真的，虽然不像我们做得那么好，但是可以接受。可是早餐就很差劲。我吃过煎鸡蛋和炸土豆条，但是让法国人做出这些东西来可就费事了。我要橘子酱时，他们却给我拿来了草莓酱。他们硬说那就是橘子酱，你知道吗。问题在于他们不懂英语。”

3 我想，向他解释marmalade一词是从法语借来的，在法语中这个词指任何一种果酱，这是没用的。于是我说：“难道你没有吃什么有名的法国美食？”“什么？我？”他说。“当然没有！每次吃的都是英国美食！从来都没有吃过那些花哨的东西！”显然，旅行并没有开阔他的眼界。他去了法国，却硬要在那里过着和英国完全一样的生活，并且遇事也完全按照英国人的观点进行判断。

4 这种情况当然不仅仅发生在去法国旅行的英国人身上。你会发现所有不同种族的人到了外国都依然按照他们自己的风俗习惯来判断看到、听到、尝到和闻到的东西。阅读过大量关于外国的书的人往往更能接受和适应外国事物，但这是因为他们的眼界在开始旅行之前就较开阔了。事实上，如果一个人对外国风俗习惯的了解只停留在书本和电影上，那么他对这些风俗习惯就比较容易做到宽容大度。当英国人读到一些热带国家的公共卫生设施状况时，当

那些热带国家的居民读到有关伦敦寒冷和经常细雨绵绵的天气时，他们都会试图做到客观和宽容。但真正亲身接触自己不习惯的事物却难以忍受得多。

5 比起宗教和伦理的差异来说，适应具体的、实在的差异却没那么困难。印度尼西亚人从很小起就被训练只用右手给或接东西。在他们看来，左手是不干净的。当外国人用左手给印度尼西亚人东西，或伸出左手接别人给的东西时，印度尼西亚人可能会理性地解释这一动作是由于风俗上的差异产生的。但是从小就被一遍遍地训诫不要使用左手的深刻偏见却并不是轻而易举可以摆脱掉的。

6 有的旅行者非常成功地适应了国外的风俗习惯，因此，他们经常遭到本国较为固执的同胞们的严厉批评。如果他们是亚洲人，他们会被指责为变得“西化”了；如果他们是欧洲人，人们则说他们已经“本土化”了。哪一种态度更好：是顽固自满地反对外国事物，还是不再确信自己国家的风俗习惯是唯一正确的？

7 理想的状况或许是，旅行能够使人宽容地对待别国的风俗习惯，而又不放弃自己的风俗习惯。评判外国人的标准难道不应该是看他是否努力做到礼貌而又顾及别人的感受，而不是看他们的行为举止是否和我的一样吗？

Keys

Pre-reading

1 My most interesting travel experience is my tour in Hawaii with my friend. Hawaii is a beautiful

place, and we took many pictures and videos there. Our Hawaii activities ranged from land and

air tours, night-time entertainment shows, surfing, and snorkeling to enjoying the famous food

there. All of these activities are exciting and impressive.

2

· I like three aspects about traveling. First, by traveling I can enjoy the beautiful scenery, thus

making myself relaxed and refreshed. Second, I can meet different people, get some ideas of

different traditions and customs, and taste different local foods. In this way, I can understand

how other people live. Third, traveling will not only help me gain knowledge about the outside

world, but also make me less narrow-minded. Traveling does benefit me both mentally and

physically.

·I dislike three aspects about traveling. First, for me, traveling requires a considerable amount of

money and energy. The transport and accommodation may be expensive. Moreover, I often get

tired before arriving at the destination, and even more tired on the journey home. Besides, I may

run into difficulties while traveling abroad, because I know little about foreign languages.

Comprehension

1

1 C 2 D 3 C 4 D

2

When people travel abroad, they need to adjust themselves to not only physical differences but

religious and ethical ones as well.

The writer suggests people be tolerant of the habits and customs of the foreigners without

abandoning their own.

Vocabulary and structure

1

1 criticize 2 acquaintance 3 detached 4 considerate 5 fancy 6 ethical

2

1 be limited to 2 done away with 3 certainty

4 accused 5 go native 6 viewpoint

3

1 open-minded 2 like-minded 3 single-minded 4 narrow-minded 5 absent-minded

4

1 We found it difficult to understand him.

2 They thought it wrong not to invite her.

3 I count it my honor to serve the people.

4 George believed it his duty to tell her the secret.

5 The woman judges it unnecessary to argue with her friends.

Banked cloze

1 social 2 protect 3 fancy 4 enhance

5 sanitary 6 tolerant 7 harmonious 8 related

Translation

1

1 事实上，如果一个人对外国风俗习惯的了解只停留在书本和电影上，那么他对这些风俗习惯就比较容易做到宽容大度。

2

理想的状况或许是，旅行能够使人宽容地对待别国的风俗习惯，而又不放弃自己的风俗习惯。

2

In China, many villages have promoted the vigorous development of rural tourism by actively

innovating tourism development modes and rationally developing tourism resources. Rural tourism

enables people in cities to do away with the chores of life and work, get closer to nature, and broaden

the mind.

Passage B

Background information

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is considered by many to be the greatest writer in the English

language. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. He wrote over

150 sonnets in his lifetime, but he is more famous for his plays than his poems. “To be, or not to be,

that is the question” from Hamlet, one of his most performed plays, is a very famous Shakespearean

line. The Banquet, released as Legend of the Black Scorpion in the U.S., is a 2006 Chinese movie.

Set in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in 10th-century China, the movie is an adaption

of William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet.

Tang Xianzu (1550-1616) was a Chinese playwright and a low-level official of the Ming Dynasty.

He retired in 1598 and returned to his hometown where he focused on writing. The Peony Pavilion

(《牡丹亭》), generally considered his masterpiece, is a touching story about free love and strong

passion.

Language points

1. The theatrical appeal of Shakespearean plays is still going strong in China after all these years

since their debut, fulfilling the careers of generations of Chinese actors and actresses. (Para. 1)

debut: n. the first public appearance of an entertainer, sports player, etc. 初次亮相；首次登台

e.g. Aimed at attracting young audiences, the musical will make its debut in Beijing this

September.

[Note] fulfilling the careers of generations of Chinese actors and actresses为现在分词短语作结果状语。

[Note] actress意为“女演员”。-ess附在名词后表示女性。

e.g. waitress

女服务生

hostess

女主持人

princess

公主；王妃

goddess

女神

2. Some years ago I was often involved in diplomatic negotiations. (Para. 2)

be involved in sth.: to take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way

与……有关；参与；牵涉在内

e.g. More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.

diplomatic: a. relating to the management of political relations between countries 外交的

e.g. The two peoples have enjoyed friendly relation ever since the establishment of diplomatic

relation.

3. When we were locked in a stalemate and going nowhere, I often liked to quote from Hamlet,

with a small adaptation though. (Para. 2)

be locked in / into sth.: to be unable to change a situation 陷入（某种无法改变的境地）

e.g. This bank is locked in(to) a three-year contract with an IT company.

stalemate: n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and

neither side can get an advantage 僵局；僵持

e.g. The next few days and weeks could produce more stalemate, violence, or uncertainty.

go / get nowhere: to make no progress 无进展

e.g. The proposal went nowhere in the conference between the two parties.

4. I can drive home the need to reach compromise or agreement without sounding too pushy. (Para.

3)

drive sth. home: to make sth. completely clear to sb. 把……讲明白；阐明

e.g. The speaker drove his point home to all the audience at the meeting.

pushy: a. sb. who is pushy does everything they can to get what they want from other people 咄咄逼人的

e.g. Most of the time, Tom’s girlfriend is bossy and pushy.

5. His plays are being adapted into different art forms, including theatrical plays, movies, and even

local operas. (Para. 4)

[Note] are being adapted into为现在进行时的被动语态, 其结构为“is / am / are + being + v.-ed”。

e.g. The road is being repaired.

The case is being investigated.

6. Tang Xianzu wrote The Peony Pavilion, which has long been an inspiration to generations of

Chinese playwrights and novelists, and is highly regarded as a world-class play. (Para. 6)

world-class: a. among the best in the world 世界一流水平的

e.g. He was determined to become a world-class player.

[Note] 关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用, 是对先行词的附加说明。

7. It combines drama and fairy tales and presents the bittersweet story of love that defies the limits

of heaven and earth. (Para. 7)

bittersweet: a. involving or causing feelings of happiness and sadness at the same time 有苦有乐的；苦乐参半的

这个单词的构成使用了矛盾修饰法（oxymoron）, 即将两个相互矛盾的词放在一起，产生特殊的含义。矛盾修饰法的构成包括如下几种方式：

 a. + n. (a living death)

 a. + a. (cold pleasant manner)

 ad. + a. (wisely stupid)

 v. + ad. (shine darkly)

 n. + n. (love-hate, life-and-death)

8. However, it is disappointing to note that Tang’s name and his plays are little known in the U.K.,

a country which loves history and has a taste for good plays. (Para. 8)

[Note] 本句的基本结构为“it + be + a. + to do sth.”, it为形式主语, 不定式为逻辑主语。

[Note] 不定式to note后面跟了一个宾语从句。

[Note] a country是the U.K.的同位语, 后面跟了一个限定性定语从句, 对a country做出解释 。

9. Is it all right if we conclude that it is time the West made an effort to learn more about China?

(Para. 8)

is it all right if ... (又作would it be all right if ...): used when asking for permission to do sth.

（做某事）可以吗？

e.g. Is it all right if I open the window?

[Note] it is time后可以跟一个主语，后面带一个过去式动词。意思是指现在。

e.g. It is time you washed those trousers.

I’m getting tired. It’s time we went home.

10. I often find that many of the problems in our relations are caused or made worse by a lack of

knowledge and understanding of each other, making it very hard to communicate as we should.

(Para. 10)

[Note] a lack of sth.意为“缺乏某物”。

e.g. The match was cancelled due to a lack of support.

[Note] making it very hard to communicate为现在分词短语作结果状语。

e.g. The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic jam in the whole area.

11. This may partly explain why there is such an imbalance of information between China and the

West. (Para. 12)

imbalance: n. a lack of fair or correct balance between two things, which results in problems or

unfairness 不平衡

e.g. There has long been a trade imbalance between the two countries.

12. … I give you our word that we will continue to support your programme and support cultural

exchanges between the U.K. and the country we represent. (Para. 14)

give (sb.) one’s word: to promise to do something 向（某人）保证

e.g. My brother gives me his word that he won’t enter my room again without my permission.

[Note] 文中that引导同位语从句, 说明our word的内容。

Translation

从莎翁到文化交流

1 从第一次登上中国舞台到现在, 这么多年过去了, 莎士比亚戏剧在中国的魅力一直经久不衰, 他的作品被一代又一代的中国戏剧工作者演绎着。现在莎士比亚戏剧中的许多男女主人公在中国家喻户晓，许多台词几乎已成为地道的中文表达。

2 几年前, 我经常参加外交谈判。当双方僵持不下时, 我常借用《哈姆雷特》里的一句名言：“生存还是毁灭, 这是个问题”, 并稍作改动, 说：“坚持还是退让, 这是个问题。”

3 我发现这句话效果非常好。大家都熟悉这句话, 因而都乐于接受。我可以借此来表达促成妥协或共识的态度, 但又不显得过于咄咄逼人。

4 近年来, 随着经济的发展和人民文化娱乐需求的日益增长, 对莎士比亚戏剧的改编在中国也越来越盛行。改编的形式多种多样, 有话剧、电影, 甚至还有地方戏曲。

5 在此, 我想告诉大家, 在莎士比亚生活的年代, 中国也同样有一位伟大的剧作家汤显祖,

他和莎士比亚同一年逝世。

6 汤显祖所著的《牡丹亭》影响了中国一代又一代剧作家和小说家, 被誉为世界级戏剧精品。但是, 我不知道在英国有多少人听说过汤显祖或他的作品。

7 《牡丹亭》讲述的故事和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》很相似, 以虚实交融的艺术手法描述了一段跨越两界的爱情, 充满了甜蜜和悲伤。这部剧非常长, 全本十集要演十个晚上。去年夏天,

苏州昆剧院带来的精简版三集昆曲《牡丹亭》分三个晚上在萨德勒斯·威尔斯剧院连续上演,

场场爆满, 受到了英国观众的热烈欢迎。

8 但是令人失望的是, 在英国这样一个热爱历史、对好的戏剧有高雅品位的国度里, 汤显祖的名字和作品却鲜为人知。是不是我们可以认为, 现在是西方应该努力更多了解中国的时候了？

9 在中国, 西方文化被广泛地讲授和学习, 但我认为, 现在到了中国和中国文化更好地被西方世界了解的时候。

10 我曾在英国度过了两年愉快的工作和生活时光, 但我也遇到过一些困难。我经常发现,

双方关系往往是因为缺乏相互认识和了解而出现问题或者加深矛盾, 致使我们的交流出现本不应该有的障碍。

11 去年八月我在北京。一天, 我在街头漫步, 突然下起雨来, 我匆忙躲进了一家书店避雨。我惊奇地发现有好几个书架上摆得满满的都是英文原版书。但在英国的书店里, 却很难找到中国作家写的介绍当代中国的书籍, 即使在大学图书馆里也不多见。

12 或许, 这从某种程度上解释了中西方之间信息为什么不平衡。然而, 好消息是, 现在中国越来越有兴趣了解西方, 西方也越来越有兴趣了解中国。

13 奥运会让世界更贴近中国, 也让中国更贴近世界。我相信像今天这样的文化交流活动有助于在我们两个伟大的民族之间逐步架起友谊和理解的桥梁。每一步都是有益的。

14 今天, 我谨代表中国驻英使节向大家承诺, 我们会一如既往支持你们的活动, 支持我们国家与英国之间的文化交流。

15 最后, 我非常高兴地提议, 让我们为威廉·莎士比亚干杯！

Keys

Pre-reading

1 Shakespeare is a great playwright and poet. He wrote many famous plays like Romeo and Juliet,

The Merchant of Venice, Macbeth, and Henry VI. The most famous play I have ever read is Hamlet,

one of his four great tragedies.

2 Zhang Yimou, a Chinese movie director, has contributed a great deal to the spreading of Chinese

culture through many movies such as Red Sorghum, Raise the Red Lantern, and Hero. One of the

themes in his movies is the resilience of Chinese people in the face of hardships and adversities,

which has been explored to the fullest in To Live.

Comprehension

1

1) imbalance 2) going strong 3) disappointing 4) original

5) growing interest 6) Cultural 7) bridges

2

1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T

Vocabulary and structure

1

1 heroine 2 enemy 3 essay 4 novel

2

1 involve; involved 2 diplomatic; diplomacy

3 negotiate; negotiations 4 pushy; pushed

3

1 adapted into 2 drive it home 3 a good supply of

4 on behalf of 5 pop into 6 went nowhere

4

With the win, they reclaimed the cup for the first time since 1995.

What you said was true, but nevertheless unkind.

He is based in Beijing, which is the capital city of China.

Not knowing the way, she stopped to ask a passerby.

There is some misunderstanding between them, which can be partly explained by their lack of

communication.

We have been in Paris long enough; it’s time we moved on.

Translation

1

1 现在莎士比亚戏剧中的许多男女主人公在中国家喻户晓，许多台词几乎已成为地道的中文表达。

2 奥运会让世界更贴近中国, 也让中国更贴近世界。我相信像今天这样的文化交流活动有助于在我们两个伟大的民族之间逐步架起友谊和理解的桥梁。

2

The Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu, a playwright of the Ming Dynasty, is a classic of Kunqu Opera,

and a household name in China. It describes the love story of the hero and heroine and reflects the

young men and women’s pursuit for the freedom of love.

Oral work

（略）

Grammar

Keys

1

1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B

2

1 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.

2 The kid feels excited with his painting praised by his teacher.

3 The boy was walking with his father ahead.

4 He stood at the door with a cup in his hand.

5 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.

Writing

Keys

1

1 persuasive 2 Sentence A 3 examples 4 A

2

（略）

Culture express

Scripts

In talking about the Belt and Road Initiative, we can start from 1978. At a CPC Central Committee

meeting, the Party made a major decision. China began implementing the reform and opening-up

policy. For the next 40 years, the world witnessed China’s rapid development. Now, China has

become the world’s second-largest economy. China has the most complete industrial system.

The reform and opening-up has changed the lives of almost every citizen. As China has been moving

toward an export-oriented economy since 1978, many policies have been adopted, such as

stimulating export and foreign investments. During this process, coastal regions saw massive

development, but some inland areas fell behind. China’s economic transformation and upgrades

should not be limited to coastal areas, such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and

Bohai Bay. As the world economy slowly recovers, how can we expand exports? According to

government reports, by 2020, China has built a moderately prosperous society. But inside China,

how can we expand our domestic demand? In reforms, how to go deeper? And how can we open up

more? For inspiration, we look back on the history.

Two thousand years ago, in order to boost economic growth, people explored many trade and

cultural exchange routes, connecting civilizations in Asia, Europe, and Africa, which later became

known as “Silk Road”. For thousands of years, it was passed down through generations.

Reviewing the past and looking forward from both China’s perspective and a global point of view

to bringing the spirit of inclusion, openness, pluralism, diversity and harmony in Chinese culture to

today’s world, in 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed building the Silk Road Economic

Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. This became the Belt and Road Initiative.

Keys

1

1 reform and opening-up

2 second-largest economy

3 coastal areas

4 Two thousand years ago

5 the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

2

（略）

Selective Reading

Translation

咖啡文化

1 咖啡的历史至少可以追溯到九世纪。埃塞俄比亚人首先发现了咖啡豆，阿拉伯商人在 15

世纪将其带往中东地区，之后咖啡豆传入埃及、土耳其和北非。接着商人把咖啡豆带到了繁荣的港口城市威尼斯，将其卖给富有的意大利买主。不久，荷兰开始引进咖啡豆并在爪哇岛和锡兰等地种植（主要通过廉价的奴隶劳动）。东印度公司将咖啡在英国推广开来，之后咖啡逐渐传播到欧洲甚至美国。

2 哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡屋。从供人们聚集在一起听音乐、下棋、听别人朗读文学作品的15世纪的中东人创立的场所，到像伏尔泰、卢梭这样的著名法国作家来品尝热咖啡的

18 世纪的巴黎咖啡屋，咖啡馆自古以来就是供人们放松、聊天、交流思想的社交中心。

3 现代咖啡馆是模仿意大利咖啡馆而建的，这些意大利咖啡馆以卖浓咖啡和油酥点心为主，它们是随着美国大城市中意大利裔移民聚集区的建立而出现的，如纽约的小意大利和格林尼治村。在20世纪50年代，垮掉派诗人和作家也是纽约咖啡馆的常客。不久，在西雅图和太平洋西北部的其他地方也开始出现咖啡馆，并成为蓬勃发展的反正统文化的一部分。地处西雅图的咖啡公司采用了这种模式，并使之成为主流文化。

4 尽管现在的咖啡馆仍然像过去一样，在很多地方扮演着活跃的社交中心的角色，但它们也适应了时代的发展。为了使咖啡馆继续发挥信息交流中心的作用，现在很多咖啡馆都为顾客提供上网服务和报刊。经常可以看到人们在咖啡馆听音乐或用笔记本上网。今天，咖啡馆仍然具有其独特、易识别的风格：木制的家具、舒适的沙发、墙上的绘画以及柔和的灯光。

所有这些元素给咖啡馆营造了一种家一样的温暖舒适的氛围。

5 如今，大型零售咖啡品牌在全球发展迅速。尽管深受欢迎，但很多人指责它们是吸血企业机器，用不正当的行为致使小型咖啡馆破产，这甚至催生了一种反对咖啡企业垄断的反主流文化。支持这一反主流文化的人们表示他们将不再购买大公司的咖啡。越来越受欢迎的咖啡馆的兴起也增加了竞争压力。无论如何，可以肯定的是，咖啡已将自己融入了消费主义文化中。

6 咖啡似乎已经不仅仅是一种饮料。自始至终，它都和文化潮流紧密相联，并且是重要历史时期的象征。咖啡在改变了人类思想进程的法国启蒙运动巨人们的杯中缓缓流动；咖啡是帝国主义时代奴隶肩上沉重的负担；咖啡在垮掉派诗人描写疏离寂寥时在空气中肆意飘香；在这个技术化和全球化的时代，世界在不断变化，而此时咖啡依然存在。因此在你下一次享受拿铁或卡布奇诺时，可以想象一下，你正在穿越文化和时空的界限与无数人交流和碰撞，而媒介正是你们热爱的美味饮品：咖啡。

Keys

Comprehension

1 D 2 C 3 C 4 A

Vocabulary

1 date back to 2 was modeled on 3 corporate 4 thriving

5 intensify 6 is indicative of 7 fragrance 8 access