2024年1月11日发(作者：)

2021年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a

culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology

can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly,

research into the material culture of music can help us to

understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things”

in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for

ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before

the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on

instruments for important information about music-cultures it

the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds

of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments

pictures in art. Through the study of instruments, as well

preserved Paintings, written documents, and so on, we can

explore the movement of music from the Neat East to China over

a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near

eastern influence to Europe that results in the development of

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most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Scholars

once defined folk music-cultures as those in with people learn

and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research show

mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past

few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions

limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet

they stimulate people to create new and different songs.

Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching

effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the

music-culture as a whole.

One more important part of music’s material culture should be

singled out the influence of the electronic media-radio, record

player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the

future promising talking and singing computers and other

developments. This all part of the “information revolution,”

a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial

revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are

not just limited to modem nations; they have affected

music-cultures all over the globe.

21. Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great

importance ________.

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A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B) it can reflect the development of the nation

C) it helps understand the nation’s Fast and present

D) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization

22. It can be learned from this passage that ________.

A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread

of Near Eastern and Chinese music

B) Near Eastern music had influence on the of the instruments

in the symphony orchestra

C) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence

of Eastern and Western music

D) the musical instruments in the symphony basis of Near Eastern

music

23. According to the author, music notation is important

because ________.

A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more

people are able to read it

B) it tends to standard folk sings when it is used by folk

musicians

C) it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

24. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction

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of electronic media into the world of music ________.

A) has brought about an information revolution

B) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computers

C) has given rise to new forms of music culture

D) has given to the transformation of traditional musical

instruments

25. Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the

passage?

A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner

later be replaced by computers.

B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is

recorded.

C) Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music

sheets.

D) The development of music culture is highly dependent or its

material aspect.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has

concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering

this question, it will useful to introduce some related

concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social

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entities directed against one another is distinguished from

competition, defined as opposition among social entities

independently striving for some thing which is in inadequate

supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the

parties to a conflict are. Conflict and vice of one another.

Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by

which social entities function in the service of one another.

These definitions are necessary because it is important to

emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is

inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not.

Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is

probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the

premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species,

only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in

nature’s competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as

monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the

group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights but

in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the

occupancy of areas free from meet-eating animals. Those who

fail in competition starve to death or become victims to other

species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human

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war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs,

markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the

competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient

to satisfy all.

Among nations there is competition in developing resources

trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful

nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it

is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand

territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict,

it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is

inevitable, although competition is.

26. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions

of some term in order to ________.

A) argue for the similarities between and human societies

B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies

C) distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D) summarize the that characteristic features of opposition and

cooperation

27. According to the author, competition differs from conflict

in that ________.

A) it results in war in most cases

B) it induces efforts to expand territory

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C) it is kind of opposition among aria entities

D) it is essentially a struggle for existence

28. The phrase “function in the disservice of one another”

(Para. 1) most probably means “________”.

A) betray each other

B) harm one another

C) help to collaborate with each other

D) benefit on another

29. The author indicates in the passage that conflict ________.

A) is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition

B) reflects the struggle among social animals

C) is an opposition among individual social animals

D) can be avoided

30. The passage is probably intended to answer the question

“________”.

A) Is war inevitable?

B) Why is there conflict and competition?

C) Is conflict desirable?

D) Can competition lead to conflict?

重点单词查看全部解释enthusiast[in'θju:ziæst]想一想再看

n. 热心人，热衷者

联想记忆X单词enthusiast联想记忆：

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en进入+thus[=theo 神]…进入神的状态…热情+ast表名词，“…人，物”→热心者 evidence['evidəns]想一想再看

n. 根据，证据

v. 证实，证明

联想记忆X单词evidence联想记忆：

e出+vid看+ence→[明显的证据]证据，证人 reasoning['ri:zniŋ]想一想再看

n. 推论，推理，论证

联想记忆X单词reasoning联想记忆：

源于：reason（n 理由；原因；v 推论） widespread['waidspred]想一想再看

adj. 分布(或散布)广的，普遍的

inevitable[in'evitəbl]想一想再看

adj. 不可避免的，必然(发生)的

defect[di'fekt]想一想再看

n. 缺点

vi. 背叛

联想记忆X单词defect联想记忆：

de坏，fect做－做坏－缺点 tend[tend]想一想再看

v. 趋向，易于，照料，护理

supply[sə'plai]想一想再看

n. 补给，供给，供应，贮备

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vt. 补给，供

联想记忆X单词supply联想记忆：

sup在下面+ply重叠，折叠→重叠下去→供应[下去]，补给

eventually[i'ventjuəli]想一想再看

adv. 终于，最后

reflect[ri'flekt]想一想再看

v. 反映，反射，归咎

联想记忆X单词reflect联想记忆：

re反，flect折－光线反折－反射，在大脑中反射－思考

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies

preaching, the surprising thing about computer is not that they

think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early

electronic computer did not have much going for it except a

marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best

models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an

argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and write

poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling

conversations.

Computers imitate life. As computer get more complex, the

imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original

and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will

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the computer as a new form of life.

The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers

lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives

car can be programmed into the computer’s brain just as nature

programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment

for survival.

Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions

are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved

when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent

defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of

information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw

too many things at the brain one time and it freezes up.

We are still control, but the capabilities of computer are

increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence

is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten

times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth

generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence

built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.

That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on

the earth. Judging by the he past, we can expect that a new

species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements

those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast

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would assume that the new species must be man’s flesh-and-blood

descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more I likely

to be made of silicon.

31. What do you suppose the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson

towards ladies preaching?

A) He believed that ladies were born worse preachers that men.

B) He was pleased that ladies could though not as well as men.

C) He disapproved of ladies preaching.

D) He encouraged ladies to preach.

32. Today, computer are still inferior to man in terms of

________.

A) decision making

B) drives and feelings

C) growth of reasoning power

D) information absorption

33. In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot

be compared with the computer because ________.

A) in the long process of evolution slow pace of life didn’t require such ability of the computer because brain

B) the human brain is influenced by other factors such as

motivation and emotion

C) the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous

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situation

D) the evolution of imitate life while the human brain docs not

imitate computers

34. Though he think highly of the development of computer

science, the author doesn’t mean that ________.

A) computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life

B) human beings have lost control of computers

C) the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass will

that of human beings

D) the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that

of electronic brains

35. According to the passage, which of the following statements

is TRUE?

A) Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.

B) Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.

C) The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that

of man.

D) Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of

organic matter.

重点单词查看全部解释enthusiast[in'θju:ziæst]想一想再看

n. 热心人，热衷者

联想记忆X单词enthusiast联想记忆：

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en进入+thus[=theo 神]…进入神的状态…热情+ast表名词，“…人，物”→热心者 evidence['evidəns]想一想再看

n. 根据，证据

v. 证实，证明

联想记忆X单词evidence联想记忆：

e出+vid看+ence→[明显的证据]证据，证人 reasoning['ri:zniŋ]想一想再看

n. 推论，推理，论证

联想记忆X单词reasoning联想记忆：

源于：reason（n 理由；原因；v 推论） widespread['waidspred]想一想再看

adj. 分布(或散布)广的，普遍的

inevitable[in'evitəbl]想一想再看

adj. 不可避免的，必然(发生)的

defect[di'fekt]想一想再看

n. 缺点

vi. 背叛

联想记忆X单词defect联想记忆：

de坏，fect做－做坏－缺点 tend[tend]想一想再看

v. 趋向，易于，照料，护理

supply[sə'plai]想一想再看

n. 补给，供给，供应，贮备

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vt. 补给，供

联想记忆X单词supply联想记忆：

sup在下面+ply重叠，折叠→重叠下去→供应[下去]，补给

eventually[i'ventjuəli]想一想再看

adv. 终于，最后

reflect[ri'flekt]想一想再看

v. 反映，反射，归咎

联想记忆X单词reflect联想记忆：

re反，flect折－光线反折－反射，在大脑中反射－思考

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the

railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last

December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR)

described as “simple to use”. In the first three weeks I failed

repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and

after months of practice I still made mistakes. I am not alone.

According to a survey last year by Ferguson, the British

manufacturer, more than one in four VCR owners never use the

timer on their machines to record a programme: they don’t use

it because they’ve found it far too hard to operate.

So why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing VCRS

that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious?

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First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically

minded designers with years of experience and trained to

understand how appliances work. Secondly, designers tend to add

one or two features at a time to each model, whereas you or I

face all a machine’s features at once. Thirdly, although find

problems in a finished product is easily, it is too late by then

to do anything about the design. Finally, if manufacturers can

get away with selling products that are difficult to use it,

it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make

improvements.

Some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide

range of features rather than on making the machines easy to

use. But that gives rise to the question, “why can’t you have

features that are easy to use?” The answer is you can.

Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures and

general principles. For a start, designers should build an

original model of the machine and try it out on typical members

of the public-not on colleagues in the development laboratory.

Simple pubic trials would quickly reveal many design mistakes.

In an ideal world, there would be some ways of controlling

quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until,

say, 90 percent of users can work 90 per cent of the features

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correctly 90 per cent of the time.

36. The author had trouble operating his VCR because ________.

A) he had neglected the importance of using the timer

B) the machine had far more technical features than necessary

C) he had set about using it without proper training

D) its operation was far more difficult than the designer

intended it to be

37. According to the author, manufacturers ________.

A should add more useful features to their machines

B) often fail to make their products easy to use

C) should make their appliances as attractive as possible

D) often fail provide proper training in the use of their

products

38. It seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make

improvements unless ________.

A) they can do so as a very low cost

B) they find their machines hard to operate

C) they have difficulty selling their products

D) they receive a lot of complaints about their machines

39. According to the passage before a VCR is cold on the market,

its original model should be tried out ________.

A) among ordinary consumers who are not technically minded

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B) among people who are technically minded

C) among experienced technicians and potential users

D) among people who are in charge of public relations

40. One of the reasons why VCRs are so difficult to use is that

________.

A) the designers are often insensitive to the operational

complexities of their machines

B) the range of features provided is unlimited

C) there is no ideal way of controlling quality

D) their designers often ignore the complaints of their uses

重点单词查看全部解释enthusiast[in'θju:ziæst]想一想再看

n. 热心人，热衷者

联想记忆X单词enthusiast联想记忆：

en进入+thus[=theo 神]…进入神的状态…热情+ast表名词，“…人，物”→热心者 evidence['evidəns]想一想再看

n. 根据，证据

v. 证实，证明

联想记忆X单词evidence联想记忆：

e出+vid看+ence→[明显的证据]证据，证人 reasoning['ri:zniŋ]想一想再看

n. 推论，推理，论证

联想记忆X单词reasoning联想记忆：

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源于：reason（n 理由；原因；v 推论） widespread['waidspred]想一想再看

adj. 分布(或散布)广的，普遍的

inevitable[in'evitəbl]想一想再看

adj. 不可避免的，必然(发生)的

defect[di'fekt]想一想再看

n. 缺点

vi. 背叛

联想记忆X单词defect联想记忆：

de坏，fect做－做坏－缺点 tend[tend]想一想再看

v. 趋向，易于，照料，护理

supply[sə'plai]想一想再看

n. 补给，供给，供应，贮备

vt. 补给，供

联想记忆X单词supply联想记忆：

sup在下面+ply重叠，折叠→重叠下去→供应[下去]，eventually[i'ventjuəli]想一想再看

adv. 终于，最后

reflect[ri'flekt]想一想再看

v. 反映，反射，归咎

联想记忆X单词reflect联想记忆：

re反，flect折－光线反折－反射，在大脑中反射－思考

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给补

21. C

22. B

23. A

24. C

25. D

26. C

27. D

28. B

29. D

30. A

31. A

32. B

33. C

34. B

35. D

36. B

37. B

38. C

39. A

40. A

重点单词查看全部解释enthusiast[in'θju:ziæst]想一想再看

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n. 热心人，热衷者

联想记忆X单词enthusiast联想记忆：

en进入+thus[=theo 神]…进入神的状态…热情+ast表名词，“…人，物”→热心者 evidence['evidəns]想一想再看

n. 根据，证据

v. 证实，证明

联想记忆X单词evidence联想记忆：

e出+vid看+ence→[明显的证据]证据，证人 reasoning['ri:zniŋ]想一想再看

n. 推论，推理，论证

联想记忆X单词reasoning联想记忆：

源于：reason（n 理由；原因；v 推论） widespread['waidspred]想一想再看

adj. 分布(或散布)广的，普遍的

inevitable[in'evitəbl]想一想再看

adj. 不可避免的，必然(发生)的

defect[di'fekt]想一想再看

n. 缺点

vi. 背叛

联想记忆X单词defect联想记忆：

de坏，fect做－做坏－缺点 tend[tend]想一想再看

v. 趋向，易于，照料，护理

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supply[sə'plai]想一想再看

n. 补给，供给，供应，贮备

vt. 补给，供

联想记忆X单词supply联想记忆：

sup在下面+ply重叠，折叠→重叠下去→供应[下去]，补给

eventually[i'ventjuəli]想一想再看

adv. 终于，最后

reflect[ri'flekt]想一想再看

v. 反映，反射，归咎

联想记忆X单词reflect联想记忆：

re反，flect折－光线反折－反射，在大脑中反射－思考

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