2024年4月30日发(作者：极米和坚果投影哪个好)

英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Understanding Academic Lectures

Listening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.

Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?

I. Understand all (1) ______________

A. words

B. (2) ______________

-stress

-intonation

-(3) ______________

II. Adding information

A. lecturers: sharing information with audience

B. listeners: (4) ______________

C. sources of information

-knowledge of (5) ______________

-(6) ______________ of the world

D. listening involving three steps:

-hearing

-(7) ______________

-adding

III. (8) ______________

A. reasons:

-overcome noise

-save time

B. (9) ______________

-content

-organization

IV. Evaluating while listening

A. helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notes

B. helps to remember information

答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6.

experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance

ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8)

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How to Reduce Stress

Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it. I.

Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two

touching bodies B. human reaction

i.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart

rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tension

II. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress

—where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress

—where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death III. Ways to cope with stress A.

recognition of stress signals

—monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals —find ways to protect oneself B.

attention to body demand

—effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately

— reason for planning —(8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9)

(9) accept —e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities

—manageable task —(10) (10) reasonable speed

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

What Do Active Learners Do?

There are difference between active learning and passive learning.

Characteristics of active learners:

I. reading with purposes

A. before reading: setting goals

B. while reading: (1) ________

II. (2) ______ and critical in thinking

i.e. information processing, e.g.

-- connections between the known and the new information

-- identification of (3) ______ concepts

-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.

III. active in listening

A. ways of note-taking: (5) _______.

B. before note-taking: listening and thinking

IV. being able to get assistance

A. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.

B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficulties

V. being able to question information

A. question what they read or hear

B. evaluate and (7) ______.

VI. Last characteristic

A. attitude toward responsibility

-- active learners: accept

-- passive learners: (8) _______

B. attitude toward (9) ______

-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour

-- passive learners: no change in approach

Relationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.

Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.

参照答案：

1. checking their understanding

2. reflective on information

3. incomprehensible

4. what you read

5. organized

6. monitoring their understanding

7. differentiate

8. blame

9. performance

10. active learning

Section A Mini-lecture

或者

1、checking understanding。

2、reflective

3、puzzling/confusing

4、what is read

5、comprehensive and organized

6、constant understanding monitoring//monitoring their understanding

7、differ

8、blame others

9、poor performance

10、school work//studies

Observation

People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are

differences in daily life observation and research observation.

Differences

---- daily life observation

--casual

--(1) ________

--dependence on memory

---- research observation

-- (2) _________

-- careful record keeping

B. Ways to select samples in research

---- time sampling

-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour

-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______

Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.

---- (4) _______

-- definition: selection of different locations

-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances

-- (6) ______: more objective observations

C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______

---- observation with intervention

-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant

-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions

---- observation without intervention

-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______

-- (10) ______ : no intervention

-- researcher: a passive recorder

1: rarely formal records 2: systematic objective manner 3: variable

4: situation sampling 5: vary 6: advantage 7: as it occurs 8: have more control 9: in

natural setting 10: method Interview

Classifications of Cultures

According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an

anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.

I. High-context culture A. feature

- context: more important than the message

- meaning: (1)__________

i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself

B. examples

- personal space

- preference for (3)__________

- less respect for privacy / personal space

- attention to (4)___________

- concept of time

- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time

- no concern for punctuality

- no control over time

II. Low-context culture

A. feature

- message: separate from context

- meaning: (6)___________

B. examples

- personal space

- desire / respect for individuality / privacy

- less attention to body language

- more concern for (7)___________

- attitude toward time

- concept of time: (8)____________

- dislike of (9)_____________

- time seen as commodity

III. Conclusion

Awareness of different cultural assumptions

- relevance in work and life

e.g. business, negotiation, etc.

- (10)_____________ in successful communication

1. apart from the message is happening ess language le

itself message itself ality means everything ss ts

1. and significance

2. the context 或 what is doing 3. closeness to people 4. body language 5. polychronic 6. in

itself

7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. lateness

10. multicultural situation

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical

postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language,

which fall into two categories.

First category: vocal paralinguistic features

(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________

Examples

1. whispering: need for secrecy

2. breathiness: deep emotion

3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________

4. nasality: anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy

Second category: physical paralinguistic features

facial expressions

(3)_______ (3)__________

----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome