Gleam,Glimmer,Glint,Glitter,Shimmer等词的辨析

Gleam,Glimmer,Glint,Glitter,Shimmer等词的辨析


2024年3月30日发(作者:50寸电视长宽多少厘米图片)

Gleam,Glimmer,Glint,Glitter,Shimmer等词的辨析

Flash, Flicker, Gleam, Glimmer, Glint, Glitter, Glisten, Glister,

Glow, Shimmer, Sparkle, Twinkle及其它同类词的辨析

1. dazzle: If a very bright light dazzles you, it

stops you from seeing properly for a short time.

例:a deer dazzled by the headlights

Dazzle是"刺眼、晃眼"的意思,特别当光线照得人短时间看

不清物体时使用,与下文其他的"刺眼"选手颇有区别。

2. flash: to shine suddenly and brightly for a short

time, or to make something shine in this way; If a

light flashes or if you flash a light, it shines with a

sudden bright light, especially as quick, regular

flashes of light.

例:Lightning flashed overhead.

Flash是快速地发出强光,意为"闪光",是闪光一族的普通

意义,后文还有多个闪光词汇。

3. flicker: to burn or shine with an unsteady light

that goes on and off quickly; If a light or flame

flickers, it shines unsteadily.

例:The overhead lights flickered momentarily.

Flicker也是闪光,但是与flash闪得不同。Flash是闪出强

光,闪一下马上消失,再接着闪出强光,比如打雷之前的闪电就

是典型的flash;flicker也是"闪光门"高手,可是它只能闪出不

太强的光,并且极不稳定,闪光时忽明忽暗,译为"闪烁、摇曳",

这个词很浪漫,总令人想到Casablanca中迷人的汽车旅馆和那对恋人

一起试过的那个long, hot summer's night.

4. glare: to shine with a very strong bright light

which hurts your eyes; If the sun or a light glares, it

shines with a very bright light which is difficult to

look at;

例:The sun glared down on us.

这个已经不是闪光门弟子了,这是发出非常耀眼的光芒,让

眼睛产生不适,且不适效果大大高于dazzle,有可能出现较长时

间的失明。比如氧焊时,如果不戴眼罩看了那种强烈的白光后,好一

会儿看不见东西,那就是一种glaring light, 比dazzling

light历害多了。

5. gleam: to shine softly [= glimmer]; If an object or a

surface gleams, it reflects light because it is shiny

and clean.

例:His teeth gleamed under his moustache;

Blue-white moonlight gleamed through the window,

throwing the shadows of the bars across the floor.

淡蓝色的月光透过窗户照进房来,窗条的影子斜斜地映在地板上。

Gleam是"发出微光",其微弱程度与下文要提及的glimmer相同,似

乎在写作中二者完全可以互换使用,不过“柯林斯”字典

告诉我们,glimmer的光有点unsteady,类似于flicker。gleam

是稳定的光线,不会晃动。

6. glimmer: If something glimmers, it produces or

reflects a faint, gentle, often unsteady light; to shine

with a light that is not very bright [= gleam]: a weak,

glimmering light

朗文字典认为glimmer等于gleam,但是柯林斯和牛津皆认为

glimmer含有unsteady之意,是to shine with a faint

unsteady light,因此一定要与gleam区别开来。glimmer与

flicker相近,也有“光线晃动”之意,但是没有flicker那么"

摇曳"得历害:

A beam of gleaming light 一道微弱的光线

A beam of glimmering light 一束昏暗、摇曳的光线

7. glint: if a shiny surface glints, it gives out small

flashes of light [= sparkle]; If something glints, it

produces or reflects a quick flash of light. (WRITTEN);

= glisten; to produce small bright flashes of light:

例:

The sea glinted in the moonlight;The sun glinted on the

windows;The gold rims of his spectacles glinted in the

sun.

该词使用场景描述:一群孩子在草丛中玩耍时,突然一个小

孩惊叫起来,"看呀,前边草丛里有东西在发亮"。众人走近一看,

原来是一只银戒指;夏日某夜,有淡淡的月光,四周万籁俱寂,我心

事重重,独自来到沙滩上,看着黑黝黝的海水,听着潮涨潮落出神。

月亮渐升渐高,月入中天之时,月光不如先前一样昏暗,海面一下子

亮了起来,我看见涨潮的时候,海边奔涌着浅灰色的浪花。

以上两个场景是我臆想的,都适用glint这个词。Glint的关

键点是"闪(泛)着微光",并且光线在变幻,我想到了李莫愁的"

冰魄银针"在阳光下发出幽蓝幽蓝的光芒,煞是瘆人,这就是glinting

的光;小龙女的"玉蜂针"一定不是这种光,而是一种明

亮得多的光,可用glowing或者glittering。突发奇想,glint是

否有消极、否定之意呢?比如李莫愁是坏人,她的暗器就发

glinting的光,而小龙女是好人,并且这么多人喜爱她,因此她

的暗器就不会发出glinting的光。呵呵,这纯属子虚乌有,又是

我胡思乱想罢了。

8. glitter: to shine brightly with flashing points of

light [= sparkle];to shine brightly with little flashes

of light, like a diamond SYN sparkle

例:The ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold;The

river glittered in the sunlight.

Glitter一听就比glint, gleam, glimmer等感觉要好,“阳

气”要大得多,是积极的、明亮的,正大光明的。其发光比较亮

丽,常用于阳光照射下物体反光

9. glisten: to shine and look wet or oily; If

something glistens, it shines, usually because it is wet

or oily

例:Her eyes were glistening with tears;

Sweat glistened on his forehead.;The road glistened wet

after the rain;The boy's back was glistening with sweat;

glistening black hair

这个词非常浪漫,非常美,往往与水、油等有关。发出的光

令人感觉到湿漉漉的或者油亮油亮的。第1个例句非常棒,女孩

珠泪

莹然,楚楚动人的样子真的令英雄魂断,还有美女出浴之后,头

发湿湿的,在灯光下就是glistening的感觉,这也令男人意乱情迷。

此处glistened with tears就是那种"闪着眼泪花的感觉";

后句"他的额头渗出了汗珠",下一句是"雨后路面湿得发亮"。想

像一下,夏天雨过天晴之后,柏油路在阳光下湿湿的,亮亮的,

空气是如此清新,真想在路上小跑一阵,贪婪地呼吸泥土和草地

醉人的芬芳。

10. glister: (literary) to shine brightly with little

flashes of light, like a diamond SYN glitter

这是一个文气词,常用在文学作品中,与glitter一样,都

是指"闪着明亮的光"。

11. glow: to produce or reflect a soft steady

light [= shine];(especially of sth hot or warm) to

produce a dull, steady light:

例:The fireplace was still glowing with the remains of last

night's fire;The red tip of his cigarette was glowing in the dark;

The strap has a fluorescent coating that glows in the dark.

Glow是指发出或者反射出一种柔和的光,一般都有强烈或者

微弱的热量发出,例句中烟头在暗处发出的光,壁炉中燃烧的火

发出的光,背包肩带上涂有荧光粉,在黑暗中发出的光,都是用

glow。

12. beam: to send out a line of light, heat, energy etc;

to produce a stream of light and/or heat

例:The morning sun beamed down on us; Light beamed

through a hole in

the curtain;The sun beamed through the clouds.

这个词只当发光讲,没有任何限制或者修饰意义,是最普通

的发光。

13. shimmer: to shine with a soft light that looks as

if it shakes slightly; to shine with a soft light that

seems to move slightly

例:The sea was shimmering in the sunlight; The lake

shimmered in the moonlight.

这个词超级浪漫,其浪漫程度与glisten有过之而无不及。

它特指在光线的照耀下物体感觉在轻微晃动,如:月光下湖面平

滑如镜,微风吹过,湖面荡起一阵涟漪,远远望去,整个湖水都

在月光中摇曳起来,这就是shimmering的效果,多么迷人啊,

真想躺在天鹅绒一样光滑的湖面上,跟着月光一起摇动,然后进入

梦乡。

14. shine: to produce bright light; to produce or

reflect light; to be bright:

例:The sun shone brightly in a cloudless sky;The dark

polished wood shone like glass;The sun was shining;The

moon shone

brightly in

the sky.

这个词有时可与beam换用,但beam还可指发热、传导能量、

无线电波等,而shine永远只能是发光,并且多为比较明亮的光。

15. sparkle: to shine in small bright flashes; to

shine brightly with small flashes of light;If something

sparkles, it is clear and bright and shines with a lot

of very small points of light.

例:sparkling eyes;Her jewellery sparkled in the candle

light;The sea sparkled in the sun;The crystal chandelier

sparkled. 这是"发火花, 闪耀"之意,特指星星点点的闪光,比如春节

放烟火时,夜空中盛开的各式烟火图案就可以称作sparkling

fireworks patterns,区别于glow, glitter等,特指"数量多"。

16. twinkle: if a star or light twinkles, it shines in

the dark with an unsteady light; to shine with a light

that keeps changing from bright to faint to bright again

例:Stars twinkled in the sky.; twinkling lights in the

distance

"天上的星星不说话,地上的娃娃想妈妈,天上的星星眨呀

眨,妈妈的心呀鲁冰花" 小时候听过这首歌,因此对于星星眨眼

睛印象特别深刻。这个眨眼睛就一定是twinkle了,不过人眨眼

睛时可以说wink,星星就不可以。远处的灯光忽明忽暗,也说

twinkle。比如农村人迷信,说看到了"鬼火"一闪一闪的(那其

实是死人骨头中的磷遇空气中的氧而自燃,有动物衔着骨头走动

因此看起来是一闪一闪的)。哎呀,赶紧打住,现在已经23:41 了,

半夜了可不敢再说"鬼火",好怕怕。

17. wink: to shine with a light that flashes on and off

[= blink]: to shine with an unsteady light; to flash on

and off SYN blink:

例:We could see the lights of the ship winking in the

distance. Wink是人眨眼睛,也可指光线一闪一闪的,与blink相同,

可是眨眼的含义还是有细微区别。Wink时有“暗示什么东东”之

意,而blink只是普通的眨眼。比如,你和朋友约定一件事不能穿帮,

朋友说到此事时你立即大眨其眼,暗示他不可点破,此处用wink而不

用blink。表示光线一闪一闪时二者可以换用。


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