高英词义辨析

高英词义辨析


2024年3月30日发(作者:液晶电视哪个牌子好)

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glisten、glitter、flash、shimmer、sparkle

flash:

to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or

to make something shine in this way; If a light flashes

or if you flash a light, it shines with a sudden bright

light, especially as quick, regular flashes of light.

例:Lightning flashed overhead.

Flash是快速地发出强光,意为"闪光",是闪光一族的普通 意义,后文还

有多个闪光词汇。

mortal、fatal、deadly、lethal

Fatal是用以描写任何足以致死或确已致死的事物;强烈暗示命运之不可逃避。

例如:an illness which might not be serious for a young person, but which

all almost certainly prove fatal to the old lady(对一位年轻人可能不算

严重而对这位老妇人则几乎一定可以致死的病).

Deadly在这意义上,可与fatal交换使用。例如:Leukaemi a is a deadly disease

(白血球过多症是可以致死的病).Deadly可指想要致人于死的人或物,而fatal

则不能。例如:The murdered man had many deadly enemies(这被害人有许多

死敌).

Mortal和deadly相似,可适用于致死、能致死或企图致人于死的人或物。例如:

Because of an ancient family feud, the two cousins had been mortal enemies

from birth(因家庭宿仇,这两个堂兄弟生来就成为死敌).用于物,mortal与

fatal和deadly之不同仅在于mortal通常用以详述业已发生的命案中的细节。

例如:He was struck down by a mortal blow upon the head(他是被头上致命

的一击所打到).

Lethal指本身含有一种质素确可致人于死,或真正为致人于死而存在的东西。

例如:Cyanide is a lethal poison(氰化物是一种致命的毒药).

除lethal外,这些字都可用以描写激发重大恐惧不安,或引起灾难或破坏,而

又不至于导致实际死亡之事物。例如:a fatal mistake(极严重的错误);a deadly

insult(极难堪的侮辱);in mortal terror(吓的要死).参阅dead,die。

反义字:enlivening,invigorating,life-giving。

intellectual、intelligent、clever

intellectual

是直接对应Intellect的, 就是所谓的名词形容化,intelligent 不是对

应Intellect的,它们只是同根词,比如说一个机械人是intellectual只说明它基于智力

原理开发,但它不一定很聪明,但如果说一个机械人是intelligent,那我不管它是基于什

么原理开发还是上帝赋予它的,总之它就是好聪明!

在举个例子吧,神经一词对应神经的,这个神经的是指生物学上的结构,但不是说它神经不

2

正常!在这里intellectual就扮演"神经学上"的,intelligent就扮演"神经不正常"的!

至于intellective,它不叫Intellect的名词形容化,它纯粹是语法上为了让

Intellect后面可以接名词,比如

说大量术语上需要用到的科学名词,举个很典型的例子:

intellective Control 智能控制 —很单纯的名词,没有任何特别强调的意思!

intellectual Control —不单纯了,这个控制有了智能性质,叫展示智慧的控制!

intelligent Control —不单纯了,这个控制好有智慧,叫做非常聪明的控制!

clever表示“聪明;灵巧”时,指人或动物的脑子灵活;指做成的事物时,常含有巧妙的意思;

clever是一个常用词,用得最广。例如:

People love to see the clever monkey.人们爱看这只聪明的猴子。

That is a clever plan.那是个巧妙的计划。

smart与clever同义,但更强调顽皮的一面。例如:

You cannot cheat him because he is a smart boy.你骗不了他,因为他是个聪明的男孩 。

bright意为“聪明;思路敏捷”,它多用来指年轻人或小孩,常用于口语中。例如:

She is really a bright little girl.她真是一个聪明的小姑娘。

The bright boy is reading English in the bright room.这个聪明伶俐的男孩在明亮的房间里

读英语。

ignorant、illiterate、uneducated、unlearned

Ignorant

it implies a lack of knowledge,either generally or on some particular subject

he's uneducated enough not to be your secrtary

unlearned

,it suggest a lack of learning,esp in a specical flied

he was unlearned in the ways of the world.(他不通晓人情世故)

a lawyer is not unlearned profession(律师是一个需要学问的职业)

I

lliterate

: It implies a lack of formal or systematic education

uneducated没有受教育的,没有学问的

He is un

scoff、sneer、jeer、gibe、flout

scoff

speaking slightly and with derision of sth usually accorded honor,reverence or

respect by other

he scoffs an advice given by his elders(他对长辈的劝告总是冷嘲热讽)

those who scoff history will be scoffed by history(嘲弄历史的人们必将被历史嘲弄)

sneer

带有强烈的感情色彩,侧重于面部表情或言语中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意)sneer carries

a much stronger feeling, as by a derision smile scornful insinuating tone of voice

it's very discouraging to be sneered at al the time

gibe

不带恶意的取笑或捉弄人的笑骂 it implies a taunting or mocking without illwill

my brother gibed at my efforts to paint a picture

it's unkind to gibe at another's English

3

jeer

侧重指用粗鲁的,侮辱性的言辞或粗俗的嘲笑来表示轻视it suggests openly

insulting,coarse remarks or mocking laughter.

the crowd jeered at the prisoners

don't jeer at the mistake or misfortunes of others

flout

以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出轻蔑 it suggests a treating with contempt

she flouted my offers of help and friendship

英语中14种笑的区别

英语中表达笑的词汇相当丰富,有不少动词本身就是含有特定意义的笑, 你是不是都知道?

下面是英语中关于“笑”的词汇,其中 Smile 和 Laugh 是最常用的笑,除此外还有一些词

汇表 示各种各样的笑:

1. Smile 微笑

Smile 是微笑,也是最常用的笑,它常给人留下美好的印象:give a soft smile 莞尔一

笑, give a charming smile 嫣然一笑,give a faint smile 是淡淡一笑,

give a false/ crafty smile 是皮笑肉不笑的假笑。 满面笑容是 smile from ear to ear, 笑容可

掬是 be radiant with smile, 苦笑叫 force a smile, 强颜欢笑是 squeeze a smile, 满脸堆

笑是 conjure up a smile, 他眉开眼笑就

是 His face melts in smiles. she smiled prettily as she accepted the flowers 她在接受鲜花

时,笑得真迷人。 2. Laugh 笑

Laugh 常表示出声的笑,其程度要大于 smile:哈哈大笑 laugh heartily,大声狂

笑 horse laugh, 傻笑是 laugh foolishly, 狞笑是 laugh grimly, 暗中窃笑

称 laugh in one’ sleeve/ s beard,笑掉大牙是 laugh one’s head off,笑声阵起

是 burst into laughter The jokes made everybody laugh.那些笑话逗得人人发

笑。 He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。

3. Giggle 格格地笑;傻笑 I heard them giggle when I passed by the girls. 我走过那些女孩

子身边时,听见她们格格地笑。

4. Grin 露齿而笑 She was grinning with delight.她高兴得咧开嘴笑了。

5. Chuckle 含笑,轻声笑 He was chuckling to himself over what he was reading. 他对自

己在读的东西,暗自发 笑。 6. Snicker 忍笑;暗笑(通常有不敬的成

分) On hearing his absurd opinion, I went snickering. 听了他荒谬的意见,我忍不住笑着 走

开了。 7. Roar 哄笑;大笑 His jokes set the table in a roar. 他的笑语使满座哄堂大

笑。 They roared with laughter. 他们轰然大笑。

8. Simper 假笑;痴笑,傻笑 When I told him that news,he simply simpered. 当我把那消息

告诉他时,他只假笑了一 下。

9. Cachinnate 放声大笑 He cachinnated till his sides ached.他笑得肚皮都痛了。

10. Chortle 欢笑;哈哈大

笑 The children chortled all the time while they were hearing the story. 孩子们听那个故事

时,始终欢笑不止。

11. Deride 讥笑 They all derided his foolishness.他们都讥笑他的愚笨。 12. Taunt 嘲

笑 He taunted me beyond endurance.他的嘲笑我不能忍受。

13. Horselaugh 纵声大笑(如马嘶一般) He burst out into a horselaugh.他忽然高声狂笑。

14. Guffaw 大笑;捧腹大笑 What he said aroused a blast of guffaw.他的话引起大家一阵

哄笑。 今天你笑了没有?希望你有欢快喜悦的笑容。 英语中“笑”的表达 smile 微

笑, laugh 笑,

4

giggle 哈哈笑 chuckle 吃吃笑 snigger 吃吃竊笑 grin 咧嘴笑, smirk 傻笑 , sneer 嘲

笑讥笑, cackle 咯咯大笑, snicker 暗笑 偷笑

glisten、glitter、flash、shimmer、sparkle

Glitter

:to shine brightly with flashing points of light[=sparkle];to shine brightly with little flashes of

light,like a diamond sparkle

例:the ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold;the river glittered in the sunlight .

glitter一听就比 glint gleam glimmer 等感觉要好,“阳╭(﹊∩∩﹊#)╮

Glisten

: to shine and look wet or oily;if something glistens,usually because it is wet or oily

例:her eyes were glistening with tears:

swert glistened on his forehead;the road glistened wet after the rain:the boy's back was glistening with

sweat;glistning black hair.

这个词非常浪漫,非常美,往往与水、油等有关。发出的光令人感觉到湿漉漉的或者油亮油亮的。第1个

例句非常棒,女孩珠泪莹然,楚楚动人的样子,还有美女出浴之后,头发湿湿的,在灯光下就是glistening

的感觉。此处glistende with tears 就是那种“闪着眼泪花的感觉”;后句“他的额头渗出了汗珠”

,下一句是“雨后路面湿得发亮” 。

Flash

:to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time,or to make something shine in this way;if a light

flashes or if you flash a light,it shines with a sudden bright light,especially as quick,regular flashes of light

例:lightning flshed overhead.

flsh是快速地发出强光,意为“闪光”,是闪光一族的普通意义,后文还有多个闪光词汇。

shimmer

:to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly;to shine with soft light that seems to

move slihtly

例:the sea was shimmering in the sunlight;te lake shimmered in the moonlight.

这个词超级浪漫,其浪漫程度与gliste有过之而无不及。它特指在光线的照耀下物体感觉在轻微晃动,如:

月光下湖面平滑如镜,微风吹过,湖面荡起了一阵涟漪,远远望去,整个湖水都在月光下摇曳起来,这就

是shimmering的效果。

sparkle

:to shine in small bright flahes;to shine brightly with small flashes of light;if something sparkles,it

is clear and bright and shines with a lot of very small points of light.

例:sparkling eyes:her jewellery sparkle in the candle light;the sea sparkled in the sun;the crystal

chandelier sparkled.

这是“发火光,闪耀”之意,特指星星点点的闪光,比如春节放烟火时,夜空中盛开的各式焰火图案就可

以称作sparkling fireworks patterns,区别于glow,glitter等,特指“数量多”

faithful、loyal、constant、staunch、resolute

faithful 指出于对个人荣誉、友谊或爱情等的珍惜而体现出的信义和忠诚,如afaithful wife(忠实的妻子)

loyal 则指因受道德良心或正义感。责任感的驱使而对某人、某项事业或某个组织表现出坚定不移的耿耿忠

心,如aloyal friend(忠实可靠的朋友)

constant 一般指爱情或事业上的用心专一,不见异思迁,朝秦暮楚,如a constant lover(用情专一的情人)

staunch(或stanch)指为维护某种原则或信念而表现出毫不动摇的意志和决心,如a staunch defender of

the truth(真理的坚决捍卫者)

always loyal in supporting a person, organization or set of beliefs or opinions


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