some,any,oneonesthosethat的区别和用法

some,any,oneonesthosethat的区别和用法


2023年12月12日发(作者:魅族m8被苹果要求停产)

some,any,oneonesthosethat的区别和用法

some和any的区别和用法

要表示"一些"的意思,可用some, any。

some 是肯定词,常用于肯定句;any是非肯定词,常用于否定句或疑问句。例如:

There are some letters for me.

There aren''t any letters for me.

Are there any letters for me?

I seldom get any sleep these days.

any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中:

If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有任何麻烦,请让我知道。

I forgot to ask for any change. 我忘了要一些零钱。

当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也可用于疑问句, 比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问道:Are there some letters for me?

当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some:

Could I have some of these apples?

some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any

的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。

some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如:

--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。

--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?

--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。

但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如:Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?

What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?

当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中;

Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。

选题角度:

辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any

则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于never, hardly, without等词之后,用于if / whether 之后。而some则用于肯定句中,用于建议或请求的疑问句中,用于预料会作肯定回答的疑问句中,用于表示反问的否定的疑句中。

如:

1. I’d been expecting ________ letters the whole morning, but

there weren’t ________ for me. (全国卷)卷

A. some; any

B. many; a few

C. some; one

D. a few; none

【分析】答案选A。前一分句是肯定句,用some,后一分句是否定名句,用any。另外,后一分句的weren’t显示这是否定句,主语应为复数,排除C和D;many一般不用于肯定句,a few 一般用于肯定句,排除B。

2. Let us hope we can settle the matter without ________ more troubl

e. (全国卷)

A. any

B. a little

C. some

D. little

【分析】答案选A。without表否定,用any。

3. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she

would like to read ________ stories by writers from ________

countries. (全国卷)

A. some; any

B. some;some

C. some; other

D. other; other

【分析】答案选C。肯定句中用some表示“一些”,other作定语,意为“别的”。

4. There’s ________ cooking oil left in the house. Would you

go to t he corner store and get ________ ? (北京卷)

A. little; some

B. little; any

C. a little; some

D. a little; any

【分析】答案选A。后句是表示请求的问句中,用some,排除B和D;由后文的意思可知,语气是否定的,排除C。

5. ―I fee a bit hungry. ―Why don’t you have ________ bread?

(全国卷)

A. any

B. some

C. little

D. a 【分析】答案选B。表示建议的疑问句中用some。

Would you like some chocolate cake?

当some与单数可数名词搭配时, some相当于a certain("某一"〕的含义;而any与单数可数名词搭配,则相当于 every("任何一个"〕的含义。例如:

Some boy has broken a window. 有个男孩打破了窗户。

Any child could answer that question. 任何一个孩子都可以回答这个问题。

替代词one, ones, that, those在比较结构中的用法辨析

在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,that和those。

替代词one和ones的用法:

1.one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例

如:

My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting

one.2.替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定

是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例

如:

I don't like this book.I'd like a more interesting one.

3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:

Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had

before.

4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which 和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:

This book is much better than that(one). 5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之

后。

但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:

My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's

expensive one.6.one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。

如不可说: He put down his gun and picked up the one of

Henry.

该用一个所有格来表

示 He picked up Henry's. 7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.

8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例

如:

A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of

rice.(one =

a cake)

one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。

例如:Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=

some of them)?

II.替代词that和those的用法:

1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。

例如: The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the

poor.

2. The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin

on e.

以上两例中的that都不能换成

the one。

3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。

The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were

dancing with.该句中的the one不能换成that

4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只

替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词”。

The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by

Britain.(that=

the song。song为可数名词。)

请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现

的词组必须是“the +单数名词。

如: In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast

of bu rden.在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。

that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。

The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that

which t he nation confronted in the 1930s.


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