2023年12月12日发(作者:魅族m8被苹果要求停产)
some,any,oneonesthosethat的区别和用法
some和any的区别和用法
要表示"一些"的意思,可用some, any。
some 是肯定词,常用于肯定句;any是非肯定词,常用于否定句或疑问句。例如:
There are some letters for me.
There aren''t any letters for me.
Are there any letters for me?
I seldom get any sleep these days.
any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中:
If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有任何麻烦,请让我知道。
I forgot to ask for any change. 我忘了要一些零钱。
当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也可用于疑问句, 比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问道:Are there some letters for me?
当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some:
Could I have some of these apples?
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any
的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如:
--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。
--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。
但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如:Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?
What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?
当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中;
Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
选题角度:
辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any
则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于never, hardly, without等词之后,用于if / whether 之后。而some则用于肯定句中,用于建议或请求的疑问句中,用于预料会作肯定回答的疑问句中,用于表示反问的否定的疑句中。
如:
1. I’d been expecting ________ letters the whole morning, but
there weren’t ________ for me. (全国卷)卷
A. some; any
B. many; a few
C. some; one
D. a few; none
【分析】答案选A。前一分句是肯定句,用some,后一分句是否定名句,用any。另外,后一分句的weren’t显示这是否定句,主语应为复数,排除C和D;many一般不用于肯定句,a few 一般用于肯定句,排除B。
2. Let us hope we can settle the matter without ________ more troubl
e. (全国卷)
A. any
B. a little
C. some
D. little
【分析】答案选A。without表否定,用any。
3. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she
would like to read ________ stories by writers from ________
countries. (全国卷)
A. some; any
B. some;some
C. some; other
D. other; other
【分析】答案选C。肯定句中用some表示“一些”,other作定语,意为“别的”。
4. There’s ________ cooking oil left in the house. Would you
go to t he corner store and get ________ ? (北京卷)
A. little; some
B. little; any
C. a little; some
D. a little; any
【分析】答案选A。后句是表示请求的问句中,用some,排除B和D;由后文的意思可知,语气是否定的,排除C。
5. ―I fee a bit hungry. ―Why don’t you have ________ bread?
(全国卷)
A. any
B. some
C. little
D. a 【分析】答案选B。表示建议的疑问句中用some。
Would you like some chocolate cake?
当some与单数可数名词搭配时, some相当于a certain("某一"〕的含义;而any与单数可数名词搭配,则相当于 every("任何一个"〕的含义。例如:
Some boy has broken a window. 有个男孩打破了窗户。
Any child could answer that question. 任何一个孩子都可以回答这个问题。
替代词one, ones, that, those在比较结构中的用法辨析
在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,that和those。
替代词one和ones的用法:
1.one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例
如:
My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting
one.2.替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定
是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例
如:
I don't like this book.I'd like a more interesting one.
3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had
before.
4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which 和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:
This book is much better than that(one). 5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之
后。
但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:
My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's
expensive one.6.one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。
如不可说: He put down his gun and picked up the one of
Henry.
该用一个所有格来表
示 He picked up Henry's. 7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.
8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例
如:
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of
rice.(one =
a cake)
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。
例如:Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=
some of them)?
II.替代词that和those的用法:
1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。
例如: The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the
poor.
2. The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin
on e.
以上两例中的that都不能换成
the one。
3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were
dancing with.该句中的the one不能换成that
4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只
替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词”。
The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by
Britain.(that=
the song。song为可数名词。)
请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现
的词组必须是“the +单数名词。
如: In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast
of bu rden.在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。
that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。
The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that
which t he nation confronted in the 1930s.
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