英语朗读技巧

英语朗读技巧


2023年12月6日发(作者:诺基亚e72i充电口)

英语朗读技巧“四分法”

英语朗读是有技巧的,有了技巧就会进步快,读得准,优雅动听,很快就建立成就感、自豪感和自信心。

具体说来朗读技巧就是“四分法”:

1. 分音节,找重音:

首先要读准英语的单词,掌握重音。这是基础的基础。英语的单词分为单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。

一个音节的单词称为单音节词;两个音节的单词称为双音节词,三个音节以上的单词统称为多音节词。

英语的单词有10大词类之分:名动形,数冠代,副介连叹。这10大词类又可分为两大类:实词和虚词。实词有:名动形,数代副;虚词有:冠介连叹。

一般说来,实词在句中重读,虚词不重读。感叹词根据表情需要可以轻读或重读。

单音节词只有一个音节,这样的实词一般都是重读:

book

we

双音节词一般只有一个重读音节,往往是第一个音节重读:

student teacher China panda

talker worker penguin tiger

要注意的是:一般情况都是第一个音节重读,但是要注意少数单词重音在后面:

a´bout be´fore a´go ex´cuse re´pair for-´get in-´ven-t be´gin

a´fraid bel´low be´side at´tend a´mend pre´pair oc´cur Japan

多音节词一般只有一个重读,但是有少数单词有两个重音:

Chinese thirteen outside reread prewar Berlin white-haired unreal

pupil forehead leader actor

soldier whether water soda

pen

he

desk

she

bag

they

flag

where

cat

when

dog

which

what

who Vietnamese fourteen inside redo

postwar goodwill ex-wife unrest

带次重读的5个音节的单词可以称为“模特单词”例如:university,即,倒数第三个音节重读,从重读音节再倒数第二个音节次重读。若有重读音节的特别后缀,次重读的基本规则也是这样的:

difficult hospital communist institute family

university possibility opportunity anthropology solidarity

(详见博客内的有关文章)

2. 分意群,找重轻:

意群才是表达基本意思的基本单位。这是开始朗读句子的起点。学会找意群,就能找到逻辑重音。所谓逻辑中音,就是讲话者要强调的部分。掌握了意群就可以朗读顺畅,可以换气和停顿,可以抑扬和顿挫。读准了意群才有节奏感。

I want to move/ into the new house.

He asked me/ to come here/ to invite you /to visit our school.

3. 分语调,找感情:

语调可以分为多种,基本的就是:升调和降调。根据感情需要可以有:升调、平调、降调和颤叹调等。总之,要有表情,不能像背课文。

I love you, if the sun rose from the west.(用语调表现出“我不爱你。)

Long live the King! (用语调表现出对国王的爱戴。)

4. 分快慢,找场景:

要找准对象(听者),需要慢速就得慢下来,需要快速,就得快上去。不能在任何场合都是一个速度。

Attention, please. I have an announcement to make. There will be a meeting

in the meeting hall on the third floor, Building 5, 2:00pm. All teachers

should get there on time.(因为是通知,需要用正常速度朗读)

Report! A group of enemy is chasing after us. (有紧急情况报告,需要用快速朗读)

I’m sorry to tell you xxx passed away in hospital this afternoon. (噩耗需要用悲伤的语调朗读)

点击一:连读

(一)什么是连读。

在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。

(二)连读的详细情况

1.在同一个意群中,相邻的两个词,前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,往往要拼在一起连读。如:

He is a student. (is与a要连读)

That is a right answer. (That与is, is和a, right和answer都可以连读)

I'll be back in half an hour. (back和in, half和an, an与hour都可以连读)。

2.在同一个意群中的两个单词,如果前面的单词以r或re结尾,后面的单词以元音音素开头,则r或re要发/r/音,并与其后的元音音素相拼。如:here and

there连读时往往读作/。hiEr End `TZE /。a pair of shoes连读时读作/E

`pZEr Ev `FU:z/. 点击二:不完全爆破

(一)什么是不完全爆破。

爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个,即/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/和/g/。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作"不完全爆破"。

(二)不完全爆破的详细情况

1. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时,前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地。彻底地进行爆破。如:

1) He has a ba(d) col(d) today.

2) You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you.

2.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/tF/, /dV/, /W/, /T/的前面时不完全爆破。如:

1) Have you rea(d) the book abou(t) tha(t) child。

2) The thir(d) chair is broken.

3.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/m/, /n/, /l/, /s/的前面时不完全爆破。如:

1) Goo(d) morning, sir.

2) Goo(d) night.

3) They are very frien(d)ly to us.

注意:不完全爆破可以发生在单词。短语或句子中。

重音

单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-,

dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a"bout, be"lieve,

ad"dress, de"cide, re"port, con"demn, res"pect, com"pare, in"form, dis"cuss, im"press,

mis"take, en"force, pre"pare, em"ploy, per"mit, es"cape, pro"duce, ex"claim,trans"late

c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。"record, re"cord; "insult, in"sult; "conduct,

con"duct; "present pre"sent; "content, con"tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。"out"side,

"re"tell, "well-"known, "un"real, "fif"teen, "Chi"nese, "pre-"war, "post-"war

B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。"difficult, "communist, "family,

e"conomy, oppor"tunity,de"mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。"carefully, in"definite, "comfortable, con"ductor, ac"cording, dis"turbance, "complicated,es"tablishment, c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify,

-ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour"teous, cal"ligraphy,

edi"torial, his"torian, peri"odic, mathe"matics, ex"perience,suf"ficient, i"dentify,

trans"lation, re"ligious, curi"osity, pro"tective

d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter"tain, emplo"yee, mountai"neer, Japa"nese, ciga"rette

句重音

什么是句子重音?

我们在朗读英语或用英语交谈时,并不是句子中的每个词都读得一样响亮。一样清楚,而是有些词读得或说得又轻又快,而且较为含糊,有些词则读得或说得又重又慢,而且较为清晰。那些读得或说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。

句子重音的功能

1.体现句子的节奏感和韵律感。

2.突出重点,使听者更容易理解。

A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重 B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C)

实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be

注意:

1) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you

a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don"t like you. He isn"t a worke。

2)

人称代词 句子中通常不重读。

I don’t know her.

We hope you don’t mind.

人称代词在下列情况下要重读

1.当人称代词由and 和 or 等连词联结并在句中作并列主语或宾语时

You and she are classmates.

Neither you nor I could understand the question.

2.

当人称代词在比较短语中作为比较对象,在句中具有重要意义时

He works harder than I .

They like it, but we don’t .

3) 音节、介词通常不重读。

I’m going to the station.

He likes near the river.

以下两种情况要重读

①、介词位于句首或句末表示强调时

On his way , the saw Mr Smith.

In the room , they found a large box.

What is if for?

②、音节介词要重读,特别是在句末人称代词前时 He’ll come here during the holidays.

We’ll go without you.

双音节介词重读能增强句子的节奏感。

4)单音节的连接词在句中一般不重读。双音节或三音节的连接词一般要重读。

I’ll tell him , when he comes back.

当when 在句首则重读

如果连接词后须重读的名词,由于节奏原因,即使连接词在句首也不重读。

When Mr Ball comes back, I’ll tell him.

5)作副词时off, out, in, on, down,over,away 重读,作介词是不重读。

Take it off put it on think them over

6)名词性物主代词不仅说明事物的所有关系而且还代表被占有成分,因此也应重读。

Where is my book? This is hers.

7)不定代词some , all, both, none of, either, neither, another , much , many, little , a little

由于具有某些强调意义,一般要重读

He took neither of them.

We are many , they are few.

有时为了强调不论是虚词还是副词都能重读。

Exercises:

I think I can.

He wanted to know.

She wants us to .

I’m sorry I’m late.

It’s possible.

I’m glad you have time.

That’s probable.

She thought he had gone. He imagined it.

Let’s meet at the gate.

She gave it to me.

I think it is.

I learned it from her.

That’s very good.

I know who I am.

I’d love to help.

They know where they are.

It’s hard to say.

I asked if I could.

It’s hard to say.

I know she will be out.

I thought he would be here.

It doesn’t much sense.

I think it’s going to rain.

You’re wanted on the phone.


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