2024年4月29日发(作者：)

牛津大学和他的学院英语作文

Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speaking

university in the world,it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence.

There is no clear date of foundation,but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in

1096 and developed rapidly from 1167,when Henry II banned English students

from attending the University of Paris.

In 1188,the historian,Gerald of Wales,gave a public reading to the assembled

Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland,the first known overseas

student,initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship. By 1201,the

University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie,on whom the title of

Chancellor was conferred in 1214,and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a

uniuersitas or corporation.

In the 13th century,rioting between town and gown (students and

townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These

were succeeded by the first of xford's colleges or endowed houses whose

architectural splendour,together with the University's libraries and museums,give

the city its unique character. University,Balliol and Merton Colleges,established

between 1249 and 1264,were the oldest.

Less than a century later,Oxford had achieved eminence above every other

seat of learning,and won the praises of popes,kings and sages by virtue of its

antiquity,curriculum,doctrine and privileges. In 1355,Edward III paid tribute to the

University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the

services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.

Oxford early on became a centre for lively controversy,with scholars involved

in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif,a 14th-century Master of

Balliol,campaigned for a bible in the vernacular,against the wishes of the papacy. In

1530,Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of

Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century,the Anglican churchmen

Cranmer,Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.

The University was Royalist in the Civil War,and Charles I held a counter-Parliament

in Convocation House.

In the late 17th century,the Oxford philosopher John Locke,suspected of

treason,was forced to flee the country. The 18th century,when Oxford was said to

have forsaken port for politics,was also an era of scientific discovery and religious

revival. Edmund Halley,Professor of Geometry,predicted the return of the comet

that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the

foundations of the Methodist Society.

The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era. The Oxford

Movement,led by John Henry Newman,broke from the Anglican Church in the

1840s. Twenty years later,the new University Museum was the site of a famous

debate between Thomas Huxley,the champion of evolution,and Bishop

Wilberforce. From 1878,academic halls were established for women,who became

members of the University in 1920. Since 1974,all but one of Oxford's 39 colleges

have changed their statutes to admit both men and women. St Hilda's remains the

only women's college.

In the years since the war,Oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new

research capacity in the natural and applied sciences,including medicine. In so

doing,it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning

and a forum for intellectual debate.

The University of Oxford's total student population numbers just over 16,100

(students in residence,1998-9). Almost a quarter of these students are from

overseas,including the countries of the European Union.

More than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.

Almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work. Of these,around 3,000

are working in the arts and humanities.

Staff Oxford's current academic community includes 76 Fellows of the Royal

Society and 105 Fellows of the British Academy. A further 97 Emeritus and

Honorary College Fellows are also Fellows of the British Academy,and 142

Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are Fellows of the Royal Society.