2024年4月16日发(作者：)

阅读理解题型专讲专练之三：【词义猜测题】

常见的解题方法：

（一）上下文线索猜测词义

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大

关键，也是高考的热点。如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with

him.

A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken

（1）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate ( )in Canada, summers are cool

and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually

above freezing.

（2）All the houses in the city collapsed ( ) during the earthquake.

（3）For people who live within a stone’s throw ( ) from the office to be late to work is

unforgivable

（4）The conflagration ( ) was so fierce that with just a few second one could see

towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for

miles and miles.

（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义

阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解

释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, refer to, to mean ,in other

words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。

如：Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies, while others carried only

passengers.

A. passengers B. food C. fuels D. goods

(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter

( ), who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.

(2) The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional ( ) that

means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.

(3) Kleptomania ( ) is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.

(4) The word “lefty”( ) means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and

other jobs.

(5) Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many

hours doing sedentary ( ) activities like reading, typing or sewing.

（三）. 根据反义词或反义关系

有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这

时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet,

while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息

词。如：

One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the

reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect

information.

A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.

1. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s

population is quite homogeneous. ( )

2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked（ ）; we passed the time

telling stories.

1

3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented. ( )

4. He is homely ( ), not at all as handsome as his brother.

(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系

常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。如：

Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only

about 80 ocelots ( ), an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason is

roadkill.

A. animals B. US roads C. reports D. wild cats

1. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will

make our speech silly and vulgar ( ).

2. Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched ( ), very unhappy.

（五）利用例证性线索

某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子, for example等往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。

如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in

School, or English Learning.

1. Many United Nations employees are polyglots : n, for example, speaks five

languages fluently.

2. When writing an article, we often use similes ( ), such as “brave as a lion” and “quick

like lightning”.

（六）根据构词法猜测词义

一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如：Exhibition

officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an

anti-poison medicine to be saved.

informal ( ) nonnatural ( ) specialist ( ) microwave ( ) overestimate ( )

flattened ( )

阅读理解之猜测词义题

1) Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a

big property. In Australia they call a farm a property.

“A …property” in Australia is a （ ）

A. house. B. school. C. farm. D. radio.

2) Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake

bites (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.

Which of the following words can take the place of the word career in the first paragraph(段)？

A. conclusion B. story C. incident D. job

3) In 1907, a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He

decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a dormitory (宿舍)for the summer holidays. Anyone

who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small

quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the schoolhouse was much too small

to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an

old castle (城堡) nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel.

The word “hostel” is closest in meaning to ______

A. school B. schoolhouse C. hospital D. dormitory

4) Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a

person needs around him is a cultural (文化的) difference, not an economic(经济的) one.

Knowing your own psychological(心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect

2

your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home.

The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of

space” means “______”

A. No two people need exactly the same amount of living space

B. Living space requirements are not always the same

C. The world requires the same amount of living space

D. Nobody needs a required amount of living space

5) The last of the great glaciers began its melting about 11,000 years ago. Its melting formed the

Great Lakes. These lakes are today little changed from their early sizes and shapes. The largest of

the North American river systems was also influenced by the glaciers. This is the Mississippi-

Missouri- Ohio system. These rivers were miles wide at first. Through the years they settled into

their present channels.

In the last sentence, the word their refers to _______

A. lakes B. rivers C. glaciers D. systems

6) Two traveling angels (天使) stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The

family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given

a space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole

in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied: “Things

aren’t always what they seem.”

The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable (好客

的)farmer and his wife.

In paragraph two, the pair refers to ______

A. the poor couple B. the rich couple C. the guests D. the angels

7) London has a new magazine. But it is not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can

receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a decoder. Each

page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to

read about. There is a wide choice- every- thing is included from cooking to the latest sports news.

In the sentence “Each page of it is numbered”, here “it” refers to the _____

A. decoder B. magazine C. program D. subject

8) Michael, a typical (典型的) American, stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal

computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work, he puts on his headphones,

watches a movie on his home video recorder, or plays baseball on the computer. On many days,

Michael doesn’t talk to any other human beings, and he doesn’t see any people except the ones on

television. Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible. The inventions of modern

technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.

The sentence “ Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible” means ____

A. Michael is a person full of imagination and he can make his dreams come true

B. Michael is not a real person but the lifestyle does exist

C. Michael has ambitions but he can’t make his dreams come true

D. Michael is a person full of imagination and his lifestyle is common nowadays

9) Jazz 1 n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic

beats. 2n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3n. slang empty talk. 4 adj. of or like jazz:a

jazz band, jazz records.

What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence?

Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.

A. rhythmic beats B. a type of music C. a kind of dance D. meaningless talk

3

10)Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing

them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized— and he arranged to meet the man in a park.

The robber, a 35- year – old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears.

He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The

professor replied: “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer

of a reward.

The word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ______

A. accepting B. claiming C. rejecting D. canceling

11) Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the

excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of

their eager students will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute(贡献) to the

development of new knowledge or its application to new things.

The word “themselves” in the third paragraph refers to _______

A. some of the eager students B. the students in the classroom

C. the teachers giving lessons D. all the scientists in physics

12) A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the

house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.

The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the

summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

The expression “wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_____”

A. work in a furniture shop B. keep accounts for a bar

4