2024年4月7日发(作者：)

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）

英 语

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如

需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

As a language learning enthusiast,I've come up with the best apps for learning English from

the thousands of mobile apps out there.

Best for Pronunciation:ELSA Speak

ELSA Speak is probably the best mobile app around for helping you improve your English

app's greatest strength is its intensive AI feedback,but ELSA also provides

mini-training sessions to really perfect your AI analyzes your recordings based

on pronunciation,intonation and fluency then points out exactly which parts sound inaccurate.

Best for Immersing in English Videos:FluentU

FluentU is a language learning app that teaches you English through authentic videos like

news reports,movie scenes and interviews,with learner tools for all levels. Each clip has

interactive subtitles so if you're not sure what a word means, you can hover over it and get an

explanation. The app also gives video examples for each word so you can learn vocabulary in

context.

Best for Practical Topics:Babbel

Babbel has you learn and practice English with realistic conversations that surround things

that you're personally interested s are short and consist of written and audio versions of

the grammar featured in the you are able to complete practice exercises to solidify

your understanding.

Best for Fun Beginner Lessons:Lingodeer

Lingodeer uses games and short exercises to teach beginner and intermediate English learners.

Lingodeer takes a gamified approach to language learning with a goal-oriented curriculum

consisting of structured lessons and regular reviews. Lingodeer's lessons are arranged according to

themes, such as sports,weather,parts of the body and shopping.

is the feature of ELSA Speak?

analyzes learners' recordings. provides guidance for learners.

gives learners helpful feedback. improves learners' communication skill.

app provides videos as learning resources?

U. Speak. . eer.

can learners do with the app Lingodeer?

games. around a theme.

ure lessons. advanced courses.

B

From Santa Barbara to Scotland,strangers are becoming friends by going on bike rides

get paired up by Cycling Without Age,an organization that helps seniors go for bike

rides,even if they can't pedal themselves.

Hugh Lyon and David Lawrence,who are roughly 20 years apart in age,have been riding

together for years. The 56-year-old Lawrence serves as a“pilot”, driving the trishaw —a bike with

a passenger seat in the front that Cycling Without Age uses for their go for rides about

once a week, often discussing the history of their town.

"Despite my deceased parents,it gives me a connection with people from an older

generation,”said Lawrence,“and I enjoy spending time with them and hearing their stories.”The

pair have formed a friendship outside of ce said he calls Lyon often and goes to the

gym with him to help him with exercises he can't do on his own.

Ole Kassow,who founded Cycling Without Age,said that's the power of the program.“The

truly powerful thing about these bike rides is that they tie people and stories together to create new

relationships," he told CBS News."In my experience,friendships -- and the ability to form new

relationships at any age—are what define a good life,and often also a long and happy life.”

John Boettner started the Santa Barbara chapter. He has one rule for passengers.“They say,

‘What does it cost if I’m going to go for a ride?’I say,'Here's what it costs:You have to wave. If

you don't wave,I'm going to kick you out,'" he joked. He said he likes when they hit red

lights,because it gives them a chance to connect with people on the road."Driving the trishaw is

the best advertisement for Cycling Without Age”,Boettner said,"When you take a 101-year-old

woman for a bike ride and she holds your hand tight and says thank you and gives you a kiss on

the cheek,it doesn't get any better than that."

did Lawrence benefit from Cycling Without Age?

g up forgotten stories. ing his health condition.

tanding his parents' love. ng a relationship with seniors.

did Ole Kassow mention“friendships”？

share the pleasure of cycling. state the nature of happiness.

show the value of the program. introduce the definition of a good life.

can we learn from Boettner's words in the last paragraph?

program needs to be advertised. gers have to pay for their rides.

lights connect people on the road. riders feel fulfilled by offering rides.

message does the passage convey？

A.A sweet friendship refreshes the soul. a rainbow in somebody else's cloud.

't go through life,grow through life. ess is a journey,not a destination.

C

For anyone trying to lose weight,there's a truth we can all universally acknowledge that better

health is often positioned as a numbers game. Hit the right number,and all your health problems

will magically resolve,so the logic increasingly,science is revealing that losing weight

may not be a silver bullet after all. In a mouse study published in the journal Science,looking

specifically at an inflammatory（炎症的）eye condition linked to obesity called macular

degeneration（黄斑退化），researchers found the struggle for better health doesn't necessarily begin

and end with weight loss.

Researchers conducted experiments on mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 11

weeks,making them gain weight. The mice were then put on a diet of low-fat food for 9 weeks,

making them lose weight. Another group of mice only ate the low-fat diet as a control.

Researchers shot lasers into the eyes of both the yo-yo dieter mice and the control mice to

encourage atypical blood vessel（非典型性血管）growth，a mark of macular degeneration.

Among the mice that had gained and then lost weight, there was about 40 percent more

atypical blood vessel growth than their stable diet peers. Driving the growth appeared to be

macrophages（巨噬细胞）．In the yo-yo dieter mice， these cells had been reprogrammed to cause

together,these cells appeared to have an outsize role in atypical blood vessel

growth in the eyes. Meanwhile, in the mice fed only a low-fat diet,inflammatory changes were

absent. The results suggest that eating a high-fatdiet that causes weight gain,even if followed by

weight loss,leaves an inflammatory mark on mouse macrophages.

The research comes during a period of renewed interest in anti-obesity drugs. But medicines

that help people shed pounds do not treat inflammation linked to a history of weight gain.“How to

engage these findings with medicine interventions is a challenge," says Bapat, head of the research.

8. Which of the following best explains“a silver bullet ”underlined in paragraphl?

A. A workable solution. B. A tough choice.

C. An ultimate objective. D. A major challenge.

9. How do researchers carry out the experiment?

A. By making comparison. B. By listing examples.

C. By controling test methods. D. By analyzing diet components.

10. What can we learn about the research results?

A. Stable dieting drives the growth of macrophages.

B. Reprogrammed cells are to blame for weight gain.

C. Inflammatory changes are caused by the low-fat diet.

D. Losing weight doesn't resolve the inflammation tied to weight gain.

will the research focus on next?

A. Exploring ways of losing weight. B. Tracking the history of weight loss.

C. Treating obesity-linked inflammation. D. Boosting interest in anti-obesity drugs.

D

A new kind of solar panel,developed at the University of Michigan,has achieved high

efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen — imitating a crucial step in natural

photosynthesis（光合作用）.The outdoor version of the experiment，with less reliable sunlight and

temperature,achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel.

However,indoors,the system achieved 9% efficiency.

But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by

reducing the size of the semiconductor（半导体），typically the most expensive part of the device.

The team's self-healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light equivalent to 160 suns.

“We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural

photosynthesis, which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality," said Zetian Mi,U-M

professor of electrical and computer engineering who led the study reported in Nature.

The new technology has two first is the ability to concentrate the sunlight

without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light.“We reduced the size of the

semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low

light intensity,” said Peng Zhou,U-M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and

first author of the study."Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.

And the second is using both the higher energy part of the solar spectrum（光谱）to break

down water and the lower part of the spectrum to provide heat that encourages the

magic is enabled by a semiconductor catalyst（催化剂）that improves itself with use， resisting the

degradation（降解）that such catalysts usually experience when they trap sunlight to drive

chemical reactions.

The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to

achieve superhigh purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells.

leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen?

energy. r semiconductors.

l photosynthesis. concentrated light.

is an advantage of the new technology?

A.A catalyst easily available. of the solar spectrum.

nding ability to reflect light. D.A semiconductor working at low light intensity.

14. Why are the two advances of the new solar panel mentioned?

introduce a greener lifestyle. promote its commercial value.

state its technical breakthrough. advertise the potential application.

of the following is the best title for the text?

A.A New Trend in Water Usage Future of Sustainable Hydrogen

Energy:More Efficient,Greener r Hydrogen Through Solar Power

第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

Many humans have a mental number line that often puts smaller numbers on the left and

bigger numbers on the right —— if asked to organize several bunches of grapes by size, you'd

likely line them up by increasing number of grapes from left to right. Like many humans,

honeybees seem to prefer their numbers ordered from left to right,anew study claims.___16___

Researchers reported their findings October 17 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences.

Martin Giurfa, a biologist, tested 134 honeybees on their number-ordering abilities. First,

Giurfa had to teach his bee pupils to recognize numbers. Using sugar water, he guided honeybees

into a testing bee house built from a repurposed wine box. For each bee, he hung a panel on the

back of the box with a certain number of symbols on it — one,three or five.___17___So they'd

learn to associate the number with food. By varying what the symbols looked like between visits,

he ensured the bees were learning the number itself and not certain shapes or arrangements.

___18___ Giurfa removed the training panel and set up two,mirror-image panels,one on the left

wall of the box and one on the right. These new panels either had the same number of symbols as

the training panel,fewer symbols or panel did the bees fly to —— left or

right?“___19___”Giurda says. Of the bees trained on“one,”72percent flew to the“three”panel to

the right,but of the bees trained on"five,"73 percent went to the "three" panel to the left. "That's

exactly the concept of the mental number line," Ciurfa says.

Though some cognitive（认知的）powers seem to be uniquely human， Giurfa thinks there

is danger in dismissing the abilities of animals.“We are different from animals in some aspects,"he

says,“but .

he fed them the sugar water.

depends on the reference number.

r,not everyone is convinced.

30 trips to the box,it was time for a test.

suggests that honeybees have a“mental number line”.

thinks bees and chicks have inborn mental number lines.

g this similarity will not help us understand what we are.

第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选

项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Head to Flint,Michigan,on a Wednesday night, and you'll see a blinding display of lights near

the river.

The tradition___21___on a whim in 2010 with Daniel Rid dick,a doctor in Hurley Children's

Hospital in Providence,Rhode patient, a teenager, had been in the hospital long-term.

During his stay,Daniel had___22___with the kid so deeply that he decided that on the boy's

___23___ night there,he would do something___24___for the final parting.

As he left,Daniel told the boy to___25___the corner near the bus stop from his window.

Daniel___26___to that spot，turned around，and flickered（闪烁） his bike light up toward the

hospital. To his surprise, the teen flickered his own room lights to ___27___.“From a quarter mile

away it was very___28___where the kid was,”says Daniel."I figured if it___29___once I could do

it again.”And so he did.

Daniel made it a___30___to flicker his bike lights to kids as he left for the night as a

___31___ way to say nightly tradition became such a___32___that customers started

joining in with flashlights and cell phones too.

The tradition has___33___inspired those beyond Michigan and Daniel hopes it___34___even

more.“It could happen anywhere if someone is willing to give it a try with one___35___,”he says.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

You've never heard songs quite like this before. In fact, it seems that Moyun of Hong Kong

can transform just about any song into something completely new___ 36___ the help of the

Guzheng. This traditional Chinese instrument___37___(make)of 16 or more strings and movable