2024年4月7日发(作者：)

英国文学PART6

alRealism(批判现实主义)：CriticalRealismisatermappliedtotherealisticfictionin

thelate19thandearly20

th

sthetendencyofwritersandintellectualsin

theperiodbetween1875and1920toapplythemethodsofrealisticfictionorthecriticism

ticwriterswereallconcernedaboutthe

ticalrealists,

however,dnot

realizethenecessityofchangingthebourgeoissocietythroughconscioushumaneffort.

Thten

startwithapowerfulexposureoftheuglinessofthebourgeoisworldintheirworks,but

theirnovelsusuallyhavehappyendingoranimportantcompromiseattheend.

Novel(哥特式小说)：GothicNovelisatypeofromanceverypopularlateinthe18

th

centuryandatthebeginningofthe19

th

Novelemphasizesthingswhichare

grotesque,violent,mysterious,supernatural,,originallyinthe

senseof“medieval,notclassical”.withitsdescriptionofthedark,irrationalsideofhuman

nature,GothicNovelhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewritersoftheRomanticperiod.

pleCharter(人民宪章)：IntheCharteristMovement,theleadersdraftedouttheir

uarythe

LondonWorkingman’sAssociationdrewupapetitiontoParliament,inwhichwereput

ixpointswerelatercalled“ThePeople’sCharter”.

作家作品

简.奥斯丁

Shewasawomannovelistofthe18

th

-century,thoughshelivedmainlyinthe19

th

centuryfor

herworksshowclearlyherfirmbriefinthepredominanceofreasonoverpassion,thesense

ofresponsibility,goodmannersandclear-sightedjudgmentovertheRomantictendenciesof

emotionandindividuality.

PrideandPrejudice

PrideandPrejudice,whichwasoriginallydraftedasFirstImpressions,mainlytellsofthelove

storybetweenarich,proudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabeth

novel,nd

falseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved.

夏洛蒂.勃朗特

ksareallaboutthestruggleofanindividual

consciousnesstowardsself-realization,aboutsomelonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwith

afiercelongingforlove,heroines’highestjoy

tte’sfour

novelsare,todifferentagrees,basedonherownexperienceandfeelingsandthelifearound

y,sheexposesthecruelty,hypocrisy,inequalityandotherevilsoftheupperclasses

andontheotherhand,sheshowsthemiseryandsufferingofthepoorandthuspresentsa

ly,shemainlywritesfromanindividual

eisasubjective

writer,tendingtowriteaboutthemselvesandtorecreateaworldoftheirlifeandexperience.

Thirdly,thereisanintenseloveforthebeautyofnatureandshehasanobviouscontempt

forworldlyambitionandsuccessforshebelievesonlyinhard-work,self-disciplineandhigh

lotte’swors,itiseasytofindthatherwritingismarkedbyanintensityof

avolcanicimaginationandfierypassions.

JaneEyre简.爱

JaneEyreisCharlotte’smasterpiece,andalsooneofthemostpopularandimportantnovels

tedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,

esthepassionate

cessofthenovelisalsoduetoits

introductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirstgovernessheroine,reisan

orphanchildwithafieryspiritandalongingtoloveandbeloved,apoor,plain,little

governesswhodarestolovehermaster,amansuperiortoherinmanyways,andevenis

ovelCharlotteshapesa

completelynewwomanimage,awomanwiththespiritofindependenceandself-dignity.

Thenovelisasongofwomen’sstruggleforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasa

humanbeing.

Charlottegivesusrealisticpicturesofthesociallifeofthe19

th

irstmanifestationofthe