2024年3月14日发(作者：)

动词的被动语态

一． 被动语态的构成或用法

（一） 被动语态的构成

1． 被动语态的基本机构：be+动词的过去分词

2． 各种时态的主动、被动语态的构成如下：

一般现在时--- 主动：do/does 被动：am/is/are+done

We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us.

一般过去时--- 主动：did 被动：was/were+done

He made the kite. The kite was made by him.

现在进行时--- 主动：am/is/are+doing被动：am/is/are+being done

She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her.

现在完成时--- 主动：have/has+done被动：have/has+been done

Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.

一般将来时--- 主动：will/shall/be going to do 被动：will/shall/be going to be

done

They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

过去进行时--- 主动：was/were doing 被动：was/were+being done

She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her

this time yesterday.

过去完成时 --- 主动：had+done 被动：had+been done

Jim had finished the work. The work had been finished by Jim.

过去将来时--- 主动：would/should/be going to do 被动：would/should/be

going to be done

He said he would make a kite. He said a kite would be made by him.

含有情态动词--- 主动：can/may/must do 被动：can/may/must be done

I can find him. He can be found by me.

(二) 被动语态的用法

在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列情况：

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

This watch is made in China.

2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

More trees must be planted every year.

3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

4. 动作的发出者不是指认。

Many houses were washed away in the flood.

二． 主动语态和被动语态的转换

(一) 主动语态变为被动语态

1. 要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾

格变为主格。

2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导。

3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。