2024年3月10日发(作者：)
外刊精选（四）
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have
become.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be
honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it
is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As
driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than
human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives.
Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road,
even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to
avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the
passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not
super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than
we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a
bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from
people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages
she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle
conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she
started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her
ugliest messages.
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time.
This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear
rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The
unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software
problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI
will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the
outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just
better human beings.”
精读笔记
2
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have
become.
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