2024年3月10日发(作者：)

2018考研英语

词汇分类总结

屠皓民 主讲

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1. 经济类

 economist 经济学家

economy 节约

economic economical

traditional virtues, such as 厉行节约 practicing economy

 bull market 牛市

= economic boom/ prosperity = thrive / flourish (v.)

 bear market 熊市

= economic recession/ downturn

 economic policy 经济政策

 =monetary policy 货币政策= fiscal policy

 economic fluctuation 经济波动

 economic depression 经济衰退

 economic stability 经济稳定[stable = steady]

 inflation 通货膨胀

 stagnation 停滞, 萧条,不景气

 devaluation (货币)贬值

 duty 税 DFS[duty free shop]

care-free / care for / care about /

child-free

x-free

 tax-free 免税的

 retail 零售 = wholesale 批发

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 joint venture 合资企业

joint 连接 make joint efforts to

** We are expected to make joint efforts to

advocate the traditional virtues,

venture --- adventure

joint venture

**ad- adore ad- oral English or- 说

Adore 反复说---在意，爱慕，倾慕

I adore you. / I love you.

adhere to

inherent 内在的，与生俱来的

advocate

infrastructure

 budget 预算

 deficit 赤字

 consolidation 兼并【con- solid ation】

merge merger 兼并

emerge 出现---emergence 出现/// emergency 紧急

事件

submerge出现 浸入，subway subconscious

submarine

[Subway赛百味]

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词汇辨析——单词

完型

 contract 合同

con- tract拉 tractor拖拉机 attract

contract v. 缩短 n. 协议 ，合同

甲方 乙方 party

 affiliate（n./v.）分公司,附属机构；使附属于

accustom accompany affix affirm acclaim

appraise appropriate assimilate

affiliate fill填充，加入 affiliate 。。。的一部分；

附属；分支机构；

真题例句

International affiliates account for a fast-growing

segment of production in economies that open up and

welcome foreign investment.

tutuenglish

 monopoly（n.）垄断，垄断者，专利权，专利事

业 [mono- poly--policy] = dominant power

真题例句

Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by

fierce competition from trucks.

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 public sector 公共部门,公共成分

 holding company 控股公司

 real estate 不动产，房地产

 enterprise (n.) 企（事）业单位，事业，事业心，

进取心

真题例句

The important factor in a private enterprise

economy is that individuals are allowed to own

productive resources (private property), and they

are permitted to hire labor, gain control over

natural resources, and produce goods and services

for sale at a profit.

 infrastructure 基本建设

真题例句：The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in

cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.

 securities business 证券市场

security 安全 ---securities

business = commerce

ICBC : industrial and commercial bank of China

 stock exchange 股票市场

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 Stock market

 investment 投资, 资产

真题例句：To encourage innovation and competition,

the report calls for increased investment in research.

innovation = in - nov- ation

renovate更新

Novel 小说； 新颖的

Lenovo

 investor 投资人

 share 股份, 股票

真题例句：Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own

any share of a law firm.

 shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东

真题例句：

The words that have mattered are efficiency,

flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly,

wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers,

circulation.

Environmental-friendly

Influence effect implication -- imply

social implication

...........................................

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 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平

 purchasing power, buying power 购买力

 revenue（n.）财政收入，税收

真题例句 they argue

In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has

been greater than the reductions in cost.

 cheque 支票 (美作:check)

 cash 现金

 dividend 股息,红利 [divided两极分化]

 interest 利息

 rate of interest 利率

 discount 贴现,折扣

Count vt. 数数 vi. 重要

Every minute counts.

account 账户；of great account = of great importance

account for占据---解释说明---导致

Pie graph

In the pie graph, studying accounts for ___%.

 allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴, 补助金, 津贴

benefit allowance subsidy grant

for granted

经济类——

merge consolidation combination acquisition

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CEO top performer No.1 executive ...

 income 收入,收益

真题例句：Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip

down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart,

delighted at the prospect of doubling your income

from the generous state. （2014 text1）

真题句

Prospect: pro- spect n.愿景

Prospective

Inspect spectator spectacle retrospect

***bound

1. My flight is bound for Beijing.

2. I am bound to win.

3. Bind过去分词

4. Bound n. 界限 abound充满

【abandon awake await amend amid】

5. Bound v.弹跳

 rebound（v.）跳回；回生；（n.）跳回，弹回；

回生，回复

真题例句 加速ac- celer ation

The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration

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is due to the usual rebound

in a business cycle>, and so is not conclusive evidence

of a revival in the underlying trend.

通顺 -- 正确 --- 漏掉

 revival（n.）苏醒，复苏，复活；复兴，再流行

真题例句

The trouble is that part of the recent

acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at

this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive

evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.

 statistics（n.）统计（学）；statistical（a.）统计的，

统计学的 = data

真题例句

The official statistics are mildly discouraging.

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2.教育类

president 大学校长

dean 院长

principal principles 中学校长；(adj.) 重要的，主

要的[fundamental essential vital crucial critical

significant]

真题例句：The United States is the product of two

principal forces——the immigration of European

peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national

characteristics and the impact of a new country which

modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America

was a projection of Europe.

register/enroll 登记、报到

真题例句：Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre

with a CV register for online job search, and start

looking for work will they be eligible for benefit——

and then they should report weekly rather than

fortnightly.

Only在句首，句子部分倒装

I believe i am eligible for the position with reasons as

follows. = be fit for / be suitable for / be qualified for

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opening ceremony 开学典礼

Physical condition

kindergarten 幼儿园

elementary education 初等教育

secondary education 中等教育

higher education 高等教育

graduate school 研究生院

英国 undergraduate graduate

美国 graduate postgraduate postmodern

open university 夜大、函大

required course 必修课 = compulsory course

optional/selective course 选修课

opt --- option ---optional -- adopt

private school 私立学校

public school 公立学校

universal education 普及教育 / 通才教育

postgraduate 研究生

undergraduate 本科

scholarship 奖学金

Identification --identify--identity身份

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真题例句：The American Academy of Arts and

Sciences should identify actions [that could be taken

by "federal, state and local governments, universities,

foundations, educators, individual benefactors and

others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities

and social scientific scholarship and education."

Excellent

**** federal X state

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

credit system 学分制

信用、称颂 give credit to sb.

归因于=/ .[be

attributed to = ]

mark/score/grade 分数

schedule=school timetable 课程表

diploma=graduation certificate 毕业证书

certify 证明 -fy

identity >>> identify >> identification card

simple >> simplify

Pure >> purify

Rectify >> rect- 直，正 erect correct

justice >> justify >> justification正当的理由

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drop out 辍学

expel sb from school 开除

tuition 学费

真题例句：Which of the following adds to the costs of

legal education in most American states?

[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.

consult ----- consultant 顾问

真题例句：But the skills they learn—how to think

logically through a problem and organize the results

— apply to any coding language, said Deborah

Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of

North Carolina.

application form 申请表

apply 申请，应用

apply for // i am writing to apply for the position /

apply for a precious opportunity

Apply the theory to the practice

presentation 针对某一专题发表的演讲 lecture

Present n. 礼物-- adj. 出席的 ---v.赠送，呈现

semester 学期

extracurricular activities = after-class

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curriculum 课程

真题例句：The high-schoolers get the same

curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things

they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an

instructor.

exceptional (a.) 反常的，有缺陷的；出类拔萃的；

~ children需要特殊照顾的儿童

真题例句 ：Exceptional children are different in

some significant way from others of the same age.

potential (n.) 潜能，潜力，full ~最大的潜能；（a.）

潜在的，可能的

真题例句

For these children to develop to their full adult

potential, their education must be adapted to those

differences.

*****discipline（n.）训练，磨炼，纪律，学科; 方

式方法

真题例句

I know the girl who coming from Beijing.

I have a dog which is named KING.

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[名词+** v-ing/ v-ed ]

As a member of a British commission visiting here

in 1853 reported, “With a mind which is prepared by

thorough school discipline, the American boy

develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”

conception (n.) 思想，观念，概念；构思，设想；

怀孕 = concept New Concept English

crucial concepts

= idea / belief / notion

真题例句

Rather, we have a certain conception of the

American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he

cannot competently assess how his livelihood and

happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

competently

intellectual （n.）知识分子; 有知识的

acquire intellect 学识 intelligence 智力

IQ：intelligence quotient

EQ: emotional quotient

AQ: adversity quotient

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literary (a. ) 文学的

真题例句While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone

dependents and servants, left literary compositions to

be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less

fully intellectualized.

brains (n.) 智力

All muscles, no brains.

* careers成就

Pains >> take pains in doing sth. = make

pains-taking efforts to do sth.

No pains, no gains.

真题例句“So few authors have brains enough or

literary gift enough to keep their own end up in

journalism,”Newman wrote.

subject（n.）主题，科目，主语；（v.）～（to）使

遭受，使服从；（a.）易遭…的，受…支配的

真题例句

The Corporation will survive as a

publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least

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for the time being, but its role, its size and its

programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide

debate in Britain. debt

3. 社会媒体类

press 媒体行业

press conference

I am writing to invite you to participate in an

international conference about the development of

Chinese culture that is to be held in Beijing next

week.

conference

convention 例会 >> conventional = traditional

assembly

meeting

coverage 新闻报道

issue 出版、发行

newsstand 报摊

mass media 大众媒体

entertainment 娱乐

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= recreation = distraction 分散注意力；娱乐 =

pastime消遣；精华

Peking Opera is the pastime of China.

recreational facility

dis- tract拉 tractor

journalism 新闻业

journal 期刊

exclusive news 独家新闻

exclude~ include

Exclusive news >> exclusively = only X

not the only

workaholic 工作狂

= work + alcoholic

ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的

= ambition 俺必胜

= aspiration

aspire = a + spir- + e

a- awake await amend amid abandon

spir- 吹气

human inhume exhume humid humble

spirit conspire 沆瀣一气 respire

aspire for ...强烈渴望得到

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flow of personnel 人才流动

Personal = individual >> personality

competitive 竞争激烈的

compete= com- pet-追赶 e

impetus= im- pet- us刺激 = stimulus = incentive

Fierce competition

a fat salary 收入颇丰

a decent job 一份体面的工作

chance of promotion 升迁机会

Promote v.促进

Promotion 促销

humanity 人类; 人性;［复数］人文学科

真题例句：Which of the following is suggested in the

last paragraph?

[B] Common humanity is central news

reporting.

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kinship （n.）亲属关系

真题例句

Among the most popular: paternity and kinship

testing, which adopted children can use to find their

biological relatives and families can use to track down

kids put up for adoption.

ancestor （n.）祖先

= forefather = predecessor [access进入，入口]

forehead forearm forefinger[thumb] foresee forecast

forewarn

Cast v. 投掷 >> 演员表

Cast a ball to sb.

Cast a cloud on one’s reputation

真题例句

When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers

10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder

much about anything besides finding food.

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

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succession (n.) 继承，继任

Success successful succeed

A succession of

 真题例句 scrutiny 审查

As boards scrutinize succession plans in response

to shareholder pressure, executives 【who don’t get

the nod】 also may wish to move on.

depart (v.) 离职

arrival ---- departure [de part]

真题例句

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank

of America in August, his explanation was

surprisingly straight up. = frank 坦白 / confess

domestic (a.) 家庭的; 国内的

Domestic market

Domestic violence

真题例句

The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are

exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by,

unfortunately, parents or other family members, and

they tend not to be one-shot deals.[deal with]

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* oblige

Be obliged to do sth. >> obligation

Be obliged to sb. 向某人表示感谢

[ob- obstacle = ob- sta- cle][ob- lig- e=]

obligation (n.) 义务，责任

* = duty

* responsibility [=willing to do sth.]

= commitment [commit oneself to=devote oneself to]

真题例句

But most women today are coping with a lot of

obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.

peer（n.）同龄人>> 同行

peer pressure

peer review

真题例句

A journal editor would then remove the authors’

names and affiliations from the paper and send it to

their peers for review.

recruit (v.) 招募

真题例句

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In the case of NBA players, their increase in height

appears to result from the increasingly common

practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

practice练习>> 方式，方法 educational practice

Farming practice

retiree （n.) 退休人员--retire

真题例句

For much of the past year. President Bush

campaigned to move Social Security to a

savings-account model，with retirees trading much or

all of their guaranteed payments for payments

depending on investment returns.

divisive (a.) 引起分歧的；引起争议的

 真题例句 lots of = a lot of / pockets of= a

pocket of a n. of

a host of/ a body of/ an ocean of/

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething

anger in America?

a touch of 一点点

turbulent （a.）动荡的；混乱的

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真题例句

I took the picture against the West Lake.

But particularly when viewed against America’s

turbulent past, today’s social indices suggest a dark

and deteriorating social environment.

resident （n.）居民

真题例句

The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the

theatre adds a penny to their revenue.

impoverished（a.）贫穷的

 真题例句

To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished

countries will have to get over their outdated

anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign

investment. Pride and prejudice

You should be the arbiter of your beauty.

4. 法律政治类

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arbiter 仲裁者

Enforce

主语，..... ,谓语

真题例句：The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest

to women (and many men) that they should not let

others be arbiters of their beauty.

validity 有效性，合法性 》》 valid

suspension 中止，悬而未决 ---suspend

parliament 国会，议会 // Congress

bureaucratic 官僚主义的

self-governing 自治的

= autonomous [auto- nom- ous]

nominate 命名，提名

nym- anonymity匿名

jury 陪审团<13>

Although i am young,

= young as i am,

Although i am a child,

Child as i am,

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You are the very person i am looking for.

privilege 特权

真题例句：Symbolic of national unity as they claim to

be, their very history—and sometimes the way they

behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible

privileges and inequalities.

deposit --ATM --insert --key the passwords

---options -- withdraw

withdraw 撤退，取钱

assume office 就任

launch 开始

真题例句：The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,

launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view

of what the life sciences include.[take a view of

对。。。持有观点]

legal ground 法律依据

civil servants 公务员

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ruling裁决；裁定--rule

真题例句：California has asked the justices to refrain

from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets

the old assumptions 【that authorities may search

through the possessions of suspects at the time of their

arrest.】

formula准则，方案

federal (a.) 联邦的~ state

legal legitimate [leg-]

legislation （n.）法律，条规

真题例句

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the

2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006

legislation, and that only the federal government has

regulatory power over nuclear issues.

law / regulation / clause / provision / bill / act / statute

social status

Statue of Liberty

clause （n.）条款

真题例句

The southern states would not have signed the

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Constitution without protections for the “peculiar

institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as

three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional

representation.

policymaker (n.) 政策制定者

= policy+make+r

match-maker 中介

真题例句

Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes

have debated the social implications of these changes，

but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has

risen as well. affect

Imply -- implication

revolution (n.) 革命

真题例句

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not

limited to designers.

Gay: 快乐的 i am gay.--gaily

propose (v.) 提议----proposal 建议=

recommendation = suggestion

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真题例句

In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade

Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track

(DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could

tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.”

administration (n.) 管理，行政部门

provision (n.) 规定，条款

真题例句

In Arizona v. United states, the majority overturned

three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s

controversial plan to have state and local police

enforce federal immigrations law.

Congress (n.) 国会

真题例句

On the overturned provisions the majority held the

Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and

Arizona had this intruded on the federal’s privileged

powers.

executive (a.) 执行的

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CEO

statute (n.) 条例，法令

真题例句

The White House argued that Arizona’s laws

conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state

laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.

legitimate (a.) 合法的

真题例句 = in practice = in essence = in fact

In effect, the White House claimed that it could

invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it

disagrees with.

authorize (v.) 授权,许可--authority

真题例句

Now the nation’s top patent court appears

completely ready to scale back on business-method

patents, which have been controversial ever since

they were first authorized 10 years ago.

Contr- 矛盾冲突 contradiction/ controversy

Bar exam

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