2024年2月16日发(作者：)

麻醉方式：underanaesthesia

复合麻醉：balanced anesthesia/ mixed anesthesia

基础麻醉：basal anesthesia

阻滞麻醉：block anesthesia

骶麻，骶管麻醉；尾椎麻醉：caudal anesthesia

封闭循环式麻醉，紧闭循环式麻醉：closed circuit anesthesia

气管内麻醉：endotracheal anesthesia

硬膜外麻醉：epidural anesthesia

全麻，全身麻醉：general anesthesia

气插全麻：general endotracheal anaesthesia

浸润麻醉：infiltration anesthesia

吸入麻醉：inhalation anesthesia

吹入麻醉：insufflation anesthesia

滑膜内麻醉：intrasynovial anesthesia

椎管内麻醉：intrathecal anesthesia

静脉麻醉，静麻：intravenous anesthesia

静脉局部麻醉：intravenous regional anesthesia

局麻，局部麻醉：local/regional anesthesia

神经阻断麻醉：nerve block anesthesia

开放式麻醉：open anesthesia

神经周麻醉：paraneural /perineural anesthesia

椎旁麻醉：paravertebral anesthesia

直肠（或肠内）麻醉：rectal anesthesia

冰冻麻醉，冷冻麻醉：frost/refrigeration anesthesia/cryoanesthesia

鞍状阻滞麻醉：saddle block anesthesia

脊麻，脊髓麻醉，脊椎麻醉：spinal anesthesia

蛛网膜下腔麻醉：subarachnoid anesthesia

表面麻醉，局部麻醉：topical anesthesia

体位：The patient was laid/placed in the ... position.

蛙样位：batrachian/froglike position

博斯曼氏位，膝肘卧位：Bozeman's position

卧位：decubitus position；（左/右）侧卧位：(left/right) lateral decubitus position

头高足低位，屈膝背卧位，屈膝仰卧位：dorsal recumbent position

坐卧位，福勒位：Fowler's position；低坐卧位：low Fowler's position；半坐卧位：semi- Fowler's

position；标准坐卧位：standard Fowler's position；高坐卧位：high Fowler's position

去枕仰卧位：horizontal recumbent position

膝胸（卧）位：knee-chest position/genupectoral position

膝肘（卧）位：knee-elbow position

截石位：lithotomy position

端坐位：orthopneic position

俯卧位：prone position

复苏体位：recovery position

头高位：reverseTrendelenburg position

罗斯氏卧位，垂头仰卧位：Rose's position

西姆斯卧位，半俯卧位，侧卧位：Sims’ position/ lateral position

西姆斯卧位：Sims’ recumbent position

坐位：sitting position

蹲位：squatting position

立位，站位：standing position

仰卧位，背卧位，平卧位：supine position

头低脚高位，特伦德伦伯格卧位：Trendelenburg's position

顶颏下位：verticosubmental position

顶颏位：Waters' position

解剖位置：anatomical position

消毒铺巾：The patient is sterilized and draped routinely in the ... position.

取...切口：The/An incision was made in the ...

Kocher切口，弧形领式切口：Kocher's incision

肋下缘切口：subcostal incision

麦氏切口：McBurney's incision

正中旁切口：paramedian incision

上腹部切口，上腹部切开：epigastric incision

腹中线切开，正中切口：midline incision

腹直肌旁切口：pararectus incision

下腹横切口：low transverse abdominal incision

横式切口，普凡嫩施蒂尔切口，下腹部横切口：Pfannenstiel incision

表示身体位置

1.”at'' 通常用于较狭的场所，即局限部位或点。

－在心尖处at the apex of the heart

－在左下胸处 at the left lower chest area

－在下颌右角处 at the right angle of the mandible

－在色素沉着处的一个肿瘤块 a tumor mass at the site of pigmentation

ex1:脾尖可以在左肋缘处触知。

The spleen tip was palpable at the left costal margin.

ex2:在前右（肺）底处，也可以听到一些微弱啰音。

A few fine rales were also heard at the right base posteriorly.

2.“in“用于较大场所（部位），如表示「在～里面」时，可用于小地方。

－在右中腹，有一个肿块 have a mass in the right mid-abdomen

－左手无力且有麻感 weakness and numbness in the left hand

－胃痛 pain in the stomach

－各关节处酸痛 have aching in various joints

ex1:在上阴部皮肤上起了一个柔软、波动的胞囊状肿瘤物。

There is one soft, fluctuant cystic mass arising from the skin in the suprapubic area.

ex2:在上颌有一个无痛性的肿胀。

There is a painless swelling in the roof of the mouth.

3.”on”用于表示与表面接触的部位:

-舌尖上的一个坏死性溃疡 a necrotic ulcer on the tip of the tongue

-在左侧头部上的模糊痛 vague headache on the left side

-在右下齿龈上 on the right lower gingiva

-在左股上的一个带有疼痛的溃疡 a painful ulcer on the left thigh

Ex1:由口腔检查知，在上下唇和舌表面下有瘀血。

Examination of the oral cavity revealed petechiae on both upper and lowe lips and on the undersurface

of the tongue.

Ex2:在皮肤表面，可以看到外皮痂形成的病变。

Crusted lesions were seen on all skin surface.

4.“over“用于表示在其上的部位:

-上背部皮肤的痒感 itching on the skin over the upper back

-右腕上的一个结节 a nodule over the right wrist

Ex1:在右股上前部有一度烧痕。

There was a first-degree burn over the upper anterior portion of the right thihg.

Ex2:由肺部检查知，呼吸声在左上胸前、后部变弱。

Examination of the lung fields revealed the breath sounds to be diminished over the left upper chest

anteriorly and posteriorly.

5.’’above’’表示部位在高低，在上面(higher than)

Ex1:住院时，在左肋缘上方有中等度黄疸和一个小疤痕。

On admission there was a moderate degree of jaundice and a small scar above the left costal margin.

Ex2:在乳头上部，可以触知豌豆大的结节。

A pea-sized nodule is felt above the nipple.

6.”beneath”表示底下的接触:

Ex1:右侧颊部粘膜下，有带痛的肿胀。

There is a tender swelling beneath the right buccal mucosa.

Ex2:她在1959年1月，第一次在两侧乳房下皮肤，发觉有过度的色素沉着。

She first noticed hyperpigmentation of the skin beneath both breasts in Jan. 1959.

7.”under”表示在其下的部位:

Ex1:他因口底下左下颌处疼痛和肿胀有72小时而受检。

He was examined with a 72-hour complaint of pain and swelling under the left jaw in the floor of the

mouth.

Ex2:在皮肤下可触知肿瘤。

Tumors are palpated under the skin.

8.”below” (=lower than)

Ex1:子宫可以在脐下2指宽处触知。

The uterus was palpable 2 finger-breadths below the umbilicus.

Ex2:病人在右下颌的大臼齿，有一放射透过性的病变。

The patient has a radiolucent lesion below the molar teeth in the right mandible.

9. “ along”表示沿一长线的部位:

Ex1:收缩期杂音(第5度)，沿着左胸骨缘散播出去。

A systolic (grade V) murmur radiated along the left sternal border.

Ex2:沿着胸骨缘可听到杂音。

A murmur was heard along the sternal border.

10. “around”表示周围静止的部位:

Ex1:这病人自觉她左眼周围肌肉的痉挛，和左脸逐渐无力，已3年了。

For 3 years this patient was aware of a twitching of the muscles around her left eye and a progressive

left facial weakness.

Ex2:疼痛集中在左眼周围，以及前额处。

The pain was centered around the left eye and forehead.

切口的大小、位置、方向的表达

A vertical midline 1.5 cm incision was made just above the umbilicus for zero-degree camera port. 在脐上作一个的垂直中线切口放置0度摄影窗口。

An incision was made along the skin crease on the right side of abdomen, about 1 cm above the

umbilicus.沿右腹脐上约1cm处的皮肤皱褶作一个切口。

The incision was extended upward/ (from)... 切口（自）...（向）上/下（延伸）至...

逐层 layer-wise

腹腔探查如术中所见Exploratory laparotomy/Abdominal exploration is consistent with

intraoperative findings.

明视，直视direct vision

拟行...手术 (Surgery) was to be performed.

常规消毒铺巾 be prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion

取仰卧位，双臂外展90度were positioned supine with the arms abducted 90 degrees

手术中的常见动词

行 perform，undergo，conduct

（为治疗烧伤病人而）把（病人）悬空levitate

刷洗scrub

备皮shave

脱毛depilate

冲洗（伤口等）irrigate

改用switch to

消毒disinfect，sterilize

置止血带tourniquet is placed/wrapped around

结扎 be ；ligate；give ligation

双重结扎give double ligation

导管打结kink

肝素化heparinize

减压decompress

驱血exsanguinate

抽静脉血；作静脉切开；施行静脉切开手术phlebotomize

建立入路access

提起（器官）lift up，elevate

托出extrude

剪开 cut off/away

剜除，剜出，剜去(肿瘤、核等)；摘出(眼球等) enucleate

打开open

显露（器官、血管、神经等）expose，reveal，visualize，develop

游离separate，dissect，isolate，free from

剥离take down

分离detach from

解剖，剖开，剥离，清扫dissect

横切bisect

切开，切入incise

切段，切片section，dissect

摘除（肿瘤等）extirpate，excise

摘除，移去，移除，凿除，撤出 remove

摘除，切除（器官、内脏）eviscerate

切除，切掉，切去，割掉，割去（肿瘤等）excise

清除（血肿，排泄物等）evacuate，eliminate

咬除detach

离断divide，sever

切断，锯掉，截（肢），减（肢）amputate

横断bisect，transect

取出（器官），（器官）外置exteriorize

打通 get through

发出give rise to

走行wrap around

到达engage

（向下）延伸至stretch down(ward) to(wards)...

插入，伸入，打入insert

导入，插入（针、端口、导管），引出introduce (port, needle, catheter) into

张开，释放（支架等），导入，插入deploy (port, needle, catheter, stent) into

植入，置入，打入 graft，implant，place

穿入penetrate into

推入 push in

推送（导管，支架等） advance

留置detain

穿刺puncture; gain access to

活检biopsy

充气inflate

充入二氧化碳carbonate

认清...的走向 confirm the trend of ...

使...吻合/结合anastomose

（整块）切除resect (en bloc)

钝/锐性分离bluntly/sharply dissect/separate

夹住，夹持entrap，clamp

夹住，堵塞occlude

阻断（动脉）crossclamp

松开（动脉），开放动脉unclamp

翻开，牵拉 retract

抽紧tighten

悬吊tack up

（用棉签、药棉等）给…涂药水，擦（药水）；拭抹，拭去 swab

锁住阴部infibulate

采集，取（器官）harvest

插管intubate; cannulate

拔管extubate

插入导管，导尿catheterize

回撤retrace

撤回pull back

退出exit

引流 drain

骨骼化清扫skeletonize

拔出，取出extract

扩张，使（气囊）膨胀dilate

预扩张predilate

抽空（球囊等）deflate

裁切（网），修剪tailor (mesh)

造瘘，造口fistulize

缝合 suture，stitch

关闭，闭合close

钢丝缝闭wire

注入，注射inject

灌肠；洗胃；冲洗，清洗，洗涤（创口、腹腔等）lavage

灌注perfuse

吸入，抽吸aspirate

清创，清除debride

清除，消除，除去(疤痕等)；使(管腔)闭塞obliterate

展开unroll

复位restore，reduce

修整trim

调整adjust

扩髓ream

缠绕encircle

钻孔drill

穿孔，打孔perforate

拧入螺钉，旋入screw in

旋出，拧开，拧松，松动unscrew

拧下，拧出screw out

攻螺纹，攻丝；抽液，抽积水；穿刺 tap

上紧tighten

扎紧cinch

松开loosen

旋转rotate

锁定lock

加压compress

折弯bend

楔嵌至wedge into

固定fix, secure

稳定stabilize

喷洒spray

填塞 fill

翻转reverse

套上sheathe

包埋 embed

重建reconstruct

纠正，矫正correct

外翻（手足）supinate

修补，修复repair

（用药和绷带）敷裹（伤口、患处、疮等），涂药包扎（伤口、疮等）dress

绑扎strap，tie

缝扎，钉住transfix

关腹close the abdomen

松（止血带）；释放（支架）release

打石膏 put ... in plaster/ a cast

清点check，count

确切ensure

平齐parallel to

预置preset

加压pressurize

除（纤）颤defibrillate

复温rewarm

回输retransfuse (through)

显影visualize

缝扎suture-ligate

撤机，撤离体外循环 wean

转用 replace with

换成（大尺寸的导管等）be upsized to

覆盖（支架等）overlap

对合approximate

钉合 staple

探查 explore

搅匀，匀浆homogenize

肩部垫高，垫肩The shoulder is elevated

麻醉达成 successful anaesthesia

术程顺利，手术经过顺利successful operation/surgical procedure

术中出血The intraoperative blood loss was ...ml.

清点纱布和针数无误 sponge and needle counts were correct

病人送PACU The patient was transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

手术野operating field，operative field，surgical field

累及野，受累野involved field

安返病房The patient was transferred back to his room in a stable condition.

血运良好abundant/good blood supply

淋巴结分站lymph node station

在右前斜30度 at RAO 30 angle

在左前斜30度投射角度in 30 degree LAO projection

在体外循环下心脏跳动下on offpump beating heart basis

样品送病检 be submitted to pathology; Specimens were retained for pathology.

将电极导管系统固定至筋膜上The lead system was anchored to the fascia.

穿刺腋动脉成功后after vascular access was achieved

在锁骨下方作3cm切口并分离至筋膜 A 3 cm infraclavicular incision was made and dissection

made to the fascia.

外科敷料覆盖伤口 A surgical dressing was applied.

充分止血Very good hemostasis was obtained.

I区淋巴结 level I lymph nodes