2024年2月16日发(作者：)

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 57

Passage 1

Senses That Work Together

When we think about how our senses work, we usually imagine them operating

separately: you sniff a flower, and the smell is delivered uninterrupted from nose to

brain. However, it's more complex than that. Most evidence for cross’modal

perception(视觉) comes from studies into sound and vision(视觉). But research that

shows other senses crossing over is coming out all the time, and it seems that even

sound and smell sometimes form an unlikely pairing.

When New York researchers, Danial Wesson and Donald Wilson, tried to find out

the truth about a "mysterious" area of the brain called the olfactory tubercle, they had

to deal with this fact. Originally, they only intended to measure how olfactory tubercle

cells in mice responded to smell. But during testing, Wesson noticed that every time he

put his coffee cup down, the mouse cells jumped in activity. In fact, the olfactory

tubercle is well’placed to receive both smell and sound information from the outside

world. Later they found that among separate cells, most responded to a smell but a

significant number were also active when a sound was made. Some cells even behaved

differently when smell and sound were presented together, by increasing or decreasing

their activity.

Of course, mice aren't people, so research team has been carrying out further

experiments. They pulled together a group of people and gave them various drinks to

smell. Participants were asked to sniff the drinks, and then match them to appropriate

musical instruments and produce the notes at different levels. The results were

interesting: piano was regularly paired with fruity fragrances; strong smells sounded

like the instruments that are made of metal.

Further research found that listening to different sounds can change your

perceptions. Studying taste this time, the team ordered some special toffee(太妃糖) and

put together "soundscapes" corresponding to bitterness and sweetness. Participants

tasted similar pieces of toffee while listening to each soundscape, and found the toffee

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more bitter or sweeter, depending on which soundtrack they were listening to.

Studies like this are helping scientists correctly describe our understanding of the

senses, and how the brain combines them with its advantage. The consequences are

worth considering. Could we see musicians work together with chefs to produce

sound’improved food and drink? Will you be ordering a coffee with a soundtrack to

bring out your favourite smell? Come to think of it,that could be one thing you hope

coffee shop chains don't get round to.

1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?________

A. A lot of research focuses on the senses.

B. Sound and Vision are relatively very easy to study.

C. There can be a link between sound and smell.

D. Evidence about the way senses work is hard to obtain.

2. In Wesson and Wilson's research, ________ .

A. the mice were affected more significantly by sound

B. the result confirmed with the researchers had suspected

C. the mice seemed to be afraid of certain sounds or smells

D. the connection between sound and smell was found by chance

3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?________

A. Participants took an active part in the experiments.

B. The purpose of the further experiments was totally different.

C. The result failed to support what was found in previous experiments.

D. Experiments showed that links between sound and smell were consistent.

4. How does the author feel about the effect of the research?________

A. She is excited about the creative chances.

B. She is surprised at the recent developments.

C. She is convinced that the findings will be used soon.

D. She is worried about how the knowledge can be applied.

Passage 2

Are you concerned about that tree in the front yard? Have tree branches been falling

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off that evergreen tree over the garage? Or maybe you just need tree removal or some

regular tree pruning to let that rare Portland sunshine shine in?

Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full’service tree care company providing the

Portland area with tree services. If you have a problem, any problem, that involves trees,

our tree service and removal experts can help you solve it. Below are our most popular

tree services.

Tree Pruning—Our arborists(树艺师) are trained to recognize the unique

needs of your trees, taking into account factors such as the tree's age, health & prior

pruning. Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to

the goals of our customers such as roof protection, increased sunlight, view clearance,

and privacy protection. Our arborists can in most cases come up with a pruning method

that is both beneficial for the tree's health and longevity and meets the needs of our

customers.

Tree Removal—Our arborists use the latest techniques and skills to assure

the safety of your home, roof, and nearby structures to make sure your tree removal is

done successfully. All tree debris(残骸) is roped down and kept under our control at all

times to ensure your tree removal is safe.

Tree Assessment—A tree assessment provides customers, for a small fee,

with a verbal explanation of the condition of their trees. In addition, the arborist may

describe any DIY options you might have to correct or improve the problem. It is also

of value for customers who cannot afford to have tree services done at this time but

only want to make a budget now.

Tree Planting—We have a large selection of affordable high quality trees that

are handpicked by our arborists, or our customers can also purchase their own trees and

have them planted under the best conditions by a knowledgeable professional from our

company. Our arborists can also use their extensive knowledge of trees to make

recommendations as to which trees would work best in your yard.

For more information, please check our blog!

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1. Urban Forest Pro in Portland ________ .

A. provides free training on tree protection

B. takes care of trees in public areas

C. offers tree services to customers

D. focuses on tree sales

2. What will an arborist do in the process of tree pruning?________

A. Select the healthiest trees.

B. Move the tree to a new place.

C. Cut off unnecessary branches.

D. Clear leaves away from the roof.

3. Customers who are short of money may receive the service of ________ .

A. Tree Pruning

C. Tree Planting

Passage 3

The coyote （丛林狼）, that clever animal of wide-open spaces, has come to the

nation's capital. In fact, coyotes have spread to every corner of the United States,

changing their behaviors to fit new environments and causing researchers to deal with

a troublesome new kind of creature: the city coyote.

The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent. One of its most obvious

B. Tree Removal

D. Tree Assessment

characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious （臭名昭著的）

pest. Hunters trapped, shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s. It's

still one of America's most hunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived. How has the

coyote shown this extraordinary ability? “I guess if you wanted to use one word, it'd be

‘plasticity ’,” says Eric Gese, an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alone,

in pairs, or in large packs like wolves; hunt at night or during the day; occupy a small

region or an area up to 40 square miles; and live on all sorts of food, from lizards and

shoes, to ants and melons.

Unbelievably people helped coyotes increase when they killed most of the wolves

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in the United States. The spreading of coyotes into city areas, though, is recent. They

travel at night, crossing sidewalks and bridges, running along roads and ducking into

culverts （钻入涵洞） and underpasses. No one knows why coyotes are moving into

cities, but experts explain that cleverer, more human-tolerant （不怕人的） coyotes

are teaching urban survival skills to new generations.

Occasionally, coyotes might attack human beings. There have been about 160

attacks on people in recent years. Therefore, people have been consistently told not to

feed coyotes or leave pet food unsecured. That, plus a large trapping program in the

neighborhood, has cut down on the coyote population.

1. The underlined word “plasticity” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. the ability to fit the environment

C. hunting ability

B. notorious smartness

D. being human-tolerant

2. The aim of the passage is to ______.

A. tell people how to fight against coyotes

B. tell us why the coyote is the most hunted animal

C. supply the reason why the coyote is a kind of notorious pest

D. explain how the coyote has spread to and survived in cities

3. According to the passage, coyotes ______.

A. originally lived in the west of the continent

B. sleep during the day but look for food at night

C. are teaching survival skills to their younger generations

D. suffered a population decrease because people killed wolves

4. According to the passage, to cut down on the coyote population, people are advised

to______.

A. leave pet food secured

B. keep coyotes in small regions

D. avoid using trapping programs C. force coyotes to live alone

Passage 4

Hearing Feelings behind Words

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Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide

us with some information, but meanings come from so many other sources. So it would

be difficult for us to have an effective understanding if we rely too heavily on words

alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with

any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if

we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we

say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “I’m letting off some steam. I

don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to

what I’m feeling. ” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to

purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy. ”

The owner says, “It’s been like that for years. ” Actually, the step hasn’t been like that

for years, but the unspoken message is :”I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why

can’t you?” The more expansive meaning a message can be obtained by examining who

said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.

When a message occurs can also disclose associated meaning. Let us assume two

couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always

kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering

of the behaviors may mean much more than the frequency of the behavior. How about

a friend’s unusually quiet behavior? It may only be understood by nothing what

happened previously and the situations that required an abnormal amount of confidence.

Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and seem

illogic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re

stupid,” “You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify

his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking. ”

We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “It sure

has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or

ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings

we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something

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infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the

less importance it assumes.

1. Effective communication is made possible between two conversing partners

if_______.

A. they use proper words to carry their ideas

B. they both speak truly of their own feelings

C. they try to understand each other’s language

D. they are able to associate meaning with their words

2. “I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means_______.

A. I’m just kidding B. I’m just saying the opposite

C. I’m just calling your attention D. I’m just giving off some sound

3. The house-owner’s example shows that the he actually means_______.

A. the step has been like that for years

B. he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step

C. the condition of the step is only a minor fault

D. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared

4. The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done_______.

A. in a way of ceremony

C. with less emphasis

B. without true intention

D. light-heartedly

Passage 5

Unexpected Meeting

The elephants left the shade, crossed an open piece of grass between bushes, and

came towards the mud-pool where my truck was parked. One by one they arrived on

the shore, but, just as they seemed to be about to bathe in the inviting muddy liquid,

they became aware of the silent truck with its smell of man. The leading elephant

merely spread her ears and cautiously backed away, taking the young elephants with

her.

A smaller mother elephant continued to stand next to the pool, however, swinging

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her long trunk and swaying her head from side to side, always keeping an eye on the

truck. The baby elephant behind her held up his head, waving his truck to sample the

suspicious smell in the wind. The mother elephant seemed to be uncertain about

whether to come on and investigate the truck or to back away with the others. Finally

she made up her mind and slowly advanced on the truck. Her ears were half out, and

her trunk moved inquiringly towards the vehicle and then back under her stomach in a

swing.

I was amazed by this close approach. Never before had I been able to see the

hairiness around the jaw, nor smell the warm scent of elephant which now reached me

in concentrated waves. The mother elephant’s steps were slow but determined, and

brought her to within a couple of metres of me.

She gave the impression of being intensely curious about this metal object which

had appeared in her world and behaved as if it were itself an animals. I wondered how

far she would accept the situation and, if after all the centuries of men killing elephants,

she would ever allow me to approach her on foot. To be able to move freely among the

elephants without their minding was an exciting thought, but I certainly did not expect

it would ever be possible.

1. It had been the elephants’ intention to_______.

A. avoid the mud

B. swim in the pool

C. feed on the grass

D. lie in the sunshine

2. The presence of the author and his vehicle_______.

A. was not noticed by the nearby elephants

B. made the leading elephant suspicious

C. made the adult elephants curious

D. frightened all the elephants away

3. While he watched the mother elephant approaching, the author_______.

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A. found the smell very unpleasant

B. was impressed by the elephant’s size

C. saw details he had not noticed before

D. was worried that the elephants were too close

4. The author did not expect he would ever be able to_______.

A. shoot the elephants

B. touch the elephants

C. drive his truck close to the elephants

D. walk about freely near the elephants

参考答案

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Passage 1

1. C细节理解题。第二段的划线部分，this fact代指前面的名词olfactory

tubercle“嗅结节”，但是选项并没有提到这个专业名词，所以接着在本段找到第五句话“the olfactory tubercle is well-placed to receive both smell and sound information

from the outside world”，意为olfactory tubercle这种嗅结节正好位于能够接收外界所传来的气味以及声音信息的位置，只有C选项同时提及了“气味”以及“声音”，切合题意；故此题答案选C。

2. D细节理解题。定位至第二段，“Originally , they only intended to measure …

But during testing, Wesson noticed that …”，一开始他们只想测试老鼠的olfactory

tubercle对气味如何做出反应，但却发现每次他放下咖啡杯时，老鼠的细胞都会突然变得活跃。故气味和声音之间的练习是被偶然发现的，D切合题意；故此题答案选D。

3. D段落主旨题，从文章第三段最后一句“The results were interesting …

regularly paired with … metal.”可知，实验的结果是，钢琴通常能够和水果的香味儿匹配，而强烈的气味“听起来”就像金属制成的乐器。该结果强调了气味和声音之间总有一种固有的联系，D切合题意；故此题答案选D。

4. A作者观点态度题。从文章最后一段，“The consequences are worth

considering.”与后文对未来由感官结合所带来的新奇事物的畅想可知，作者是非常期待其所带来的便利与惊奇的体验，A切合题意；故此题答案选A。

Passage 2

1. C细节理解题。从文章第二段第一句“Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing the Portland area with tree services.”可知Urban

Forest Pro这家公司提供给顾客的是树木服务产品；故正确答案是C。

2. C细节理解题。从文章第三段第二句“Doing tree pruning, we selectively

remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers.”可知树艺师在进行tree pruning服务时，主要进行的是关于树的修剪服务；故正确答案是C。

3. D细节理解题。从文章第五段中第一句中的for a small fee以及最后一句“It is also of value for customers who cannot afford to have tree service done at this

time but only want to make a budget now.”可知，对于资金紧张的人来说可选择树

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木评估服务；故正确答案是D。

Passage 3

1. A 词义猜测题。根据原文，丛林狼在美国被大量捕杀，但是如今它们却能存活下来，这是为什么呢？答案就是plasticity，根据上下文我们可以发现丛林狼适应环境的能力很强，既可以独自生活也可群居生活，占用地方很少，可以吃各种各样的食物，因此可以推断正确答案为A。

2. D 主旨大意题。题目问的是这篇文章的意图。选项A“告诉人们如何对付丛林狼”；选项B“告诉我们为什么丛林狼是被捕杀最多的动物；选项C“告诉我们丛林狼臭名昭著的原因”；选项D“解释丛林狼是如何迁移到城市并存活下来的”。这篇文章主要介绍了丛林狼这种动物，它们适应环境的能力极强，尽管人们大量捕杀但是它们还是存活了下来，原因是它们迁移到了城市，换言之，是人们帮助了它们。此外，作者还介绍了在城市里如何对付丛林狼，选项D表述最准确，因此正确答案为D。

3. C 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第一句话，它们最初生活在大陆中部，选项A“最初生活在大陆西部”偷梁换柱，是错误的；选项B“白天睡觉晚上觅食”，根据“hunt at night or during the day”可知此表述也是错误的；选项C“教给它们后代生存技能”，根据文章第三段最后一句话，该表述正确；选项D“因为人们的捕杀丛林狼数量大减”，根据原文，尽管人们大量捕杀，但是环境适应能力极强的丛林狼迁移到城市，并大量繁殖，其数量并没有大量下降，故表述不准确。因此正确答案为C。

4. A 细节理解题。题目问就如何减少丛林狼数量，人们提出了哪些建议。选项A“把宠物饲料放在安全的地方”；选项B“把丛林狼限制在很小的活动空间里”；选项C“强迫丛林狼独自生活”；选项D“避免诱捕”。根据文章最后一段“not to feed

coyotes or leave pet food unsecured.” ，建议人们不要喂养丛林狼或者把宠物饲料放在不安全的地方，因此正确答案为A。

Passage 4

1. D

推理判断题。第一段第一二句Words do provide us with some information,

but meanings come from so many other sources. So it would be difficult for us to have

an effective understanding if we rely too heavily on words alone.

可知话语确实给我

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们提供了一些信息,

但是意义来自很多其他的方面。因此,

如果我们过于依赖文字,

就很难有一个有效的理解。即交谈需要能够把话语和意思联系起来,

才有可能进行有效的交流。故选D。

2. C

推理判断题。根据后文Just pay attention to what I’m feeling可知这句话的意思是：只是为了想引起你的注意。故选C。

3. B

细节理解题。第一段倒数第二句Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for

years, but the unspoken message is :”I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t

you?”可知,

房屋主人的话所传递的意思是：我不想修复它。我们忍受了。为什么你不能？可知他实际上并不觉得修理台阶是必要的。故选B。

4. A 词义猜测题。根据后文The phrase can be said once or repeated several times.

And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. 可知这个短语可以重复说一遍或多次。我们对这个短语的理解也会随之改变。即上文提到的“你能来真是太好了。”这句话是人们仪式性的一种表达, 因此可以重复说上很多次, 并且每次的含义都不同。故选A。

Passage 5

1. B

细节理解题。第一段第二句One by one they arrived on the shore, but, just

as they seemed to be about to bathe in the inviting muddy liquid可知,

大象原本的意图是要在泥塘中游泳的。故选B。

2. B

细节理解题。第一段最后一句The leading elephant merely spread her ears

and cautiously backed away, taking the young elephants with her.

可知,

领头的大象张开耳朵,

小心翼翼地带着小象们后退。可知作者和车的出现让领头的大象起了疑心。故选B。

3. C

细节理解题。第三段第二句Never before had I been able to see the hairiness

around the jaw, nor smell the warm scent of elephant which now reached me in

concentrated waves.

可知,

作者从来没有看到过它下巴周围的毛发,

也没有闻到过它身上散发出的温暖的大象气味。可以判断出随着母象的靠近,

作者看到了以前从来没有注意到过的细节。故选C。

4. D

细节理解题。最后一段最后一句To be able to move freely among the

elephants without their minding was an exciting thought, but I certainly did not expect

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it would ever be possible.

可知,

作者没有想到他能在象群附近自由走动。故选D。

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