2024年2月16日发(作者：)

3、Explain the following terms in English. (Each 4 marks, total 20 marks)

1) Management information system P5

Ans: An information system that provides for management-oriented（以…为方向的）

reporting based on transaction（交易；业务） processing and operations of the

organization.

2) CMM P35

Ans: A standardized framework for assessing the maturity（成熟度） level of an

organization’s information system development and management processes and

products. It consists of five levels of maturity.

3) System model P48

Ans: A picture of a system that represents reality or a desired reality. System models

facilitate（帮助） improved communication between system users, system analysts,

system designers, and system builders.

4) Critical path P97

Ans: The sequence（序列） of dependent tasks that determines the earliest completion

date for a project.

5) Agile method P123

Ans: The integration（整合；结合） of various approaches of systems analysis and

design for application as deemed（被视为） appropriate（适当的） to the problem

being solved and the system being developed.

4、Answer the questions briefly. ( Each 4 marks, total 20 marks)

1) What is the common system development process ? P35

Ans: First, using a consistent（连续的） process for system development creates

efficiencies（效率） that allow management to shift resources between projects.

Second, a consistent methodology produces consistent documentation that

reduces lifetime costs to maintain the system.

Finally, the government has mandated（授权的） that any organization seeking to

develop software for the government must adhere（坚持）to certain quality

management requirements. A consistent process promotes quality.

2) On decision analysis phase, what kinds of feasibilities（可行性） that

candidate solutions evaluated（评价） in terms of need to be considered ?

Ans: Technical feasibility- Is the solution technically practical? Does our staff have

the technical expertise（专业知识） to design and build the solution?

Operational feasibility- Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what

degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment ? How do users

feel about such a solution?

Economic feasibility- Is the solution cost-effective?

Schedule feasibility- Can the solution be designed and implemented（实现）

within an acceptable time period?

3) What the difference between functional requirements and nonfunctional

requirements?

Ans: Functional requirements: These are statements of services the system should

provide, how the system should react to particular inputs and how the system should

behave in particular situations. In some case, the functional requirements may also

explicitly（明确地） state what the system should not do. Functional requirements set

out services the system should provide. Describe functionality or system services.

Depend on the type of software, expected users and the type of system where the

software is used. Functional user requirements may be high-level statements of what

the system should do but functional system requirements should describe the system

services in detail.

Non-functional requirements: These are constraints（n. 约束；限制） on the

services or functions offered by the system. They include timing constraints,

constraints on the developments process and standards. Non-functional requirements

often apply to the system as a whole. They do not usually just apply to individual

system features or services. Non-functional requirements constrain the system being

developed or the development process. These define system properties（性能） and

reliability, response time and storage requirements. Constraints are I/O

device capability, system representations, etc. Non-functional requirements may be

more critical than functional requirements. If these are not met, the system is useless.

4) What are the four types of actors ? Please try to give the examples of each

one. P186

Ans: Primary business actor. For example, in the business event of an employee

receiving a paycheck（薪水）(something of measurable value) from the payroll system

each Friday, the employee does not initiate（发起） the event but is the primary

recipient of the something of the value.

Primary system actor. For example, a person reserving a rental car via a Web site.

External server actor. For example, a credit bureau（办事处） authorizing（授权）

the charging by a credit card.

External receiver actor. For example, a warehouse（仓库） receiving a packing

order to prepare a shipment（装运） after a customer has placed an order.

5) What the process of requirements of use-case model ? P190

Ans: Step 1:Identify business actors.

Step 2:Identify business requirements use cases.

Step 3:Construct use-case model diagram.

Step 4:Document business requirements use-case narratives（叙述）.

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