2024年2月13日发(作者：)

首字母专题

Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理

首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。

一、能力考察

1. 词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）

2. 句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）

3. 语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）

4. 逻辑推断能力（确定词义）

5. 前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）

二、解题思路

1. 词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）

2. 词义的判断（句意理解）

3. 脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇

4. 复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）

Ⅰ. 专题精讲

【案例分析】

Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 使其内容通顺， 每空

格限填一词，首字母已给） （14 分）

It’s a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in

South Africa. Teachers and pupils don’t sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or

sit under the trees.

The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the country’s schools, but

the teaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool.

The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants. These can be

used to study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area

where animals live wild and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the

forest that wild animals use as well.

The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For

example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this

school you won’t hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.” Actually,

the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can

see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night.

The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a

dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d

86 .

The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e

87 . We need to care for our planet.”

【解析】

Keys:81-87 Instead; subjects; anything; special; drink; died; earth/environment

名词

2

精讲：

动词

2

形容词

1

副词

1

代词

1

81.判定空格词性为副词，再根据前文没有坐在教室以及后文的穿过深林或是坐在树下，可知填instead

82.判定空格为名词，根据理解可知填学科，注意复数，subjects

83.判定空格为名词或代词，根据后文from maths and social sciences to languages可知填anything

84.判定空格为形容词，根据but以及后文的表述,填special

85.判定空格为动词原形或者名词，动词原形的可能性更大，再结合前文的river,填drink

86.判定空格为动词，且为不及物动词、过去式，根据前文a dead animal 可知填died

87.判定空格为名词，结合前后文出现的nature、planet，可以填earth或是environment都可以

Ⅲ. 学法提炼

1. 通读全文，了解大意

2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。

3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。

（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）

4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌

课堂练习

(1)

Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 使其内容通顺， 每空

格限填一词，首字母已给）

A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their

spare time. Here they report the r 1 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that

most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school

activities.

P 2 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to

six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said

they liked football, basketball and skating.

Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed

said that music was their favourite activity. This i 3 both listening to and playing

music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a

book or magazine.

Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was

something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 4 collections from cartoon

books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.

V 5 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends

once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 6

popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to

friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s

7 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.

(2)

Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Nowadays ,more and more people can not sleep very well. They have t___ 1__ in falling

asleep. The following are useful tips.

sure the bedroom is d___ 2__ and quiet.

All too often, people keep the TV set on as they there is a light on somewhere that

can cause distraction（干扰）．Make sure all electronic products including computers,TV sets and

radios arc off before trying to sleep.

2. Avoid（避免） some kinds of foods

Foods include caffeine, alcohol, and MSG, can affect（影响） different people in different

is best to avoid these foods and chemicals. Even a cup of coffee first thing in the morning

can p___ 3__ sleep at night for some people that are overly sensitive to caffeine.

3. Don 't eat close to bedtime

Wait at least three to four hours after eating to go to bed, especially when you don't have a

strong stomach or are in poor health. This a____ 4____ the body to relax since it isn't doing any

work.

4. Listen to music

Some light music, played s___ 5________, can help put one in the calming state of mind

when just lying down to sleep CDs would possibly be the best c___ 6___ . And the good

thing about the CDs is that they can be used over and over again and as you get used to them，they will work more efficiently as the sounds will make you feel sleepy faster.

5. Take a relaxing bath

This is one of the oldest m___ 7____, but it works. Adding bath salts can help as well as

adding an essential oil to the water. Remember to just relax in the bath , not exhaust yourself and

fall asleep in the tub.

(3)

Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances

will one day e____ 1____ humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural

limit of the human life span.

"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生)," said Michael Zey, a Montclair

State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we

will see it and that's a conservative estimate (保守的估计)."

At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School

in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology (纳米技术) make it l____

2____ that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a

great push so that people can live from I20 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that

there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years."

H____ 3____, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the

human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with h____ 4____ lifestyles

and less disease, they say f____ 5____ of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to

death.

Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live."It remains to be seen if

you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard

Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. "At p____ 6____ people who

could get to that point are not in good health at all."

As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Everyone wants to keep healthy. It is

n____7____ for us to have a healthy lifestyle. So we should do more exercise. We should sleep

for 8 hours every night. A good sleep can keep us active during the daytime. We should eat a lot

of fruits and vegetables. Eating them is good for our health. So you see, If we take good care of

our health, our healthy lifestyle helps us get good grades. I hope that all people can have a

healthy lifestyle and live at least 120 years.

(4)

Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work, or when your

best friend does not wait for you after school?

If you do ,you need to take control(控制)of your feelings and stop getting angry .Getting

angry with people can cause you to l__1____ friends.

Cary Egeberg, an American high school teacher ,has written My Feelings Are Just Like Wild

Animals to help control feelings .It tells teenagers how to stay cool when b__2__ things happen to

them .

The book says that getting angry only makes problems w__3___. It can never make them

better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. It is just a bad habit (习惯)like

smoking.

The book says you can control you anger e___4___--all you have to do is to tell yourself not to

be angry.

The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three:

1. Keep a r__5___. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later

and you will see you get angry too easily.

2. Ask your friends to s_6_____ talking to you when you get angry. This will make you not

angry.

3. Do something d___7_____. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go

somewhere else. Try to laugh!

课后作业

1. There are many wild animals living in ______________(African)

2. People didn’t use paper money until the 15th century in ________________ countries.

(Europe)

3. The dog looks ________________ and is barking ________________________. (fierce)

4. Nowadays many people ___________________their own blogs on the Internet. (creation)

5. Walt Disney was the ______________________of the Disney amusement Park. (creation)

6. Who ________________the steam engine was a great ______________________. (invent)

7. From the footprints we can know the _____________________of the dinosaurs. (exist)

8. This washing machine is _________________(harm) to all sorts of fabric. (织物)

9. Before we study the bacterium, (细菌) we are not sure whether it is ______________ or not.

(harm)

10. Species must change as the environment changes, or they will _______________out. (dying)

11. Einstein was one of the most _____________(creation) ______________(think) of the 20th

century.

12. Thatcher (撒切尔)was a political _________________and used to ____________sharply.

(think)

13. Nike was a goddess from ________________, who ran and flew very fast. ( Greek)

14. Children always like to go to ______________________ parks. ( amuse)

15. It was a good story, but I don’t like some of the __________________. (characteristic)

16. Things in _______________life are not always like stories in movie. (reality)

17. The ______________reason made me _________________worried. (reality)

18. Smoking does serious _________________to people’s health. (harmless)

19. What he said was ___________________, because he always told lies. (believe)

20. How many people ______________of seasonal influenza every? (death)

21. The _______________on the car cost 2,000yuan. (repair)

22. The museum will be closed during ________________________. (repair)

23. My computer is out of work and I need to have it ____________________.(repair)

24. We felt really sorry when we heard that everybody died in the air crash, except the

________________(navigate)

25. If you take a compass with you, you won’t get ________________ in the forest. (lose)

26. She often ___________her way during her first visit in Los Angeles. (lose)== She was often

____________ during her first days in Los Angeles. (lose)

27. The deep oceans are still the most ___________________places on earth. (explore)

28. Some parts of the Antarctic have remained _________________________(explore).

29. Our school building is 11 ___________________high. We study on the fourth

_______________. (storey)

30. As the final exam is _______________, we should prepare for it. (approach)

31. There are a lot of __________________ to the city. (approach)

32. It was ________________ that he tried to please his wife. ==___________he tried to please

his wife. (clear)

33. It was ______________impossible for us to complete the task in such a short time. (clear)

34. ______________of your answer is right. == Your answer is _______________right. ( part)

35. __________________ can be founded mostly in Australia. (Kangaroo)

36. The noise became a _____________ as we approached the falls瀑布. (roar)

37. The football crowd ____________________ for a wonderful goal. ( roar)

38. Some dinosaurs probably lived _____________ (peace).

39. They hope to solve the problem in ______________________.(peace)

40. Thanks for helping me. I owe you a ____________________.(favourite)

41. The ghost story ___________________the children. (fright)

42. The lightning was ____________________and gave him a _________________(fright).

43. The ___________________ robber __________________the bank clerk. (fright)

44. Susan is a secretary and she __________________very fast. (type)

45. There are many different ____________________for you to choose. (type)

46. The rubber ball ___________________from the ground. (spring)

47. Don’t jump on the sofa, you will damaged the __________________(spring).

48. The ____________ killed a lady on the pavement last night. (kill)

49. We must stop _________________wild animals. (kill)

50. He _____________________down to have a rest. (lie)

51. We always feel _______________in class in summer, some students even fall ____________

in class. (sleep)

52. When we go camping, we will use a ____________________ bag at night. （sleep）

53. Barack Obama, the first American black president, _______________the world’s attention.

(attractive)

54. Models always wear ____________________ clothes. (attract)

55. The sudden ______________ of the electricity made us frightened. (interrupt)

56. He felt ____________ and ran out of the house as fast as he could when he heard the fire

alarm. (panic)

57. When earthquake happened, people _____________________. (panic)

58. In the American Civil War, the slaves fought fir their __________________. (free)

59. Look at the birds, they are flying __________________ (free) in the sky.

60. If you write the best story about dinosaurs, you’ll win a ____________trip to Disneyland in

Hong Kong. (free)

61. The bird wanted to be ___________and fly in the sky, so it escaped from the cage for

___________. (free)

62. The sign “ ______________” means we must keep _________________. (silent)

63. She left home __________________ early next morning. (silent)

64. A truck went out of control and _________________into the back of a bus. (crash)

65. The cause of the plane _________________is still unknown. (crash)

66. He made a __________________to go for a holiday in Hainan. (decide)

67. Please let me have your __________________as soon as possible. ( decide)

68. All the flowers will be ________________ if you don’t water them. (finish)

69. You will be _______________ for if you don’t finish your homework. (do)

70. “ Where’s the salad?” “It’s all _______________.” (go)

71. The policeman shot the gun into the air to _____________________the thief. (fright)

72. There’s so much _______________in the restaurant. I can hardly hear you talking. (noisy)

73. Everybody knows a magnet ________________ steel. (attraction)

74. It’s very important for everybody to know about road _________________. (safe)

75. There were three _____________aliens lying by the side if the spaceship. (die)

76. The TV series was so ________________that I stayed up till midnight. (attract)

77. Fortunately, the plane landed ________________ in the city’s airport. （safe）

78. The water in the river rose two ________________. (foot)

79. Bill Gate is a ____________________business man. (succeed)

80. He ________________me yesterday when a robber wanted to kill me. (safe)

81. The teacher asks us to read the text __________________(loud)

82. Plastic bags pollute the environment and they will not ______________ for a very long time.

(appear)

83. The Indians _________________ zero. (invention)

84. Our country is becoming more and more _______________these years. (power)

85. The girl is so ______________ that everyone in her class likes her. (attract)

86. Finally, we reached the _____________ of the river. (safe)

87. After running, her face got even _________________. (red)

88. We ______________with the waiter about the price of the meal. (argument)

89. I’m sorry, I can’t tell you the _______________. It’s a secret. (true)

90. Her apartment is on the ___________________ floor that tall building. (twenty)

91. Making _________________ with the aliens is possible in the future. (friend)

92. The police are trying their best to find the __________________ boys. (lose)

93. How much do you know about the daily life in ancient ______________? (Greek)

94. Some animals are ________________. They are our good friends. (harm)

95. Do you know anything about Diogenes, a famous Greek __________________?(think)

96. Though he had been _____________ for many years, we still remember him. ( die)

97. The town is _______________ for its hot spring. （温泉）（fame)

98. I ran much ___________________(fast) than Maria in the 100-metre race. (fast)

99. It is very _____to learn German well, but a lot _______to learn Russia, while Chinese is

______language in the world.

100. His ambition is to be a great____________________(think).

Keys:

【课堂练习】

(1) Keys: 1. result(s) 2. Physical 3. included 4. various 5. Visiting

6. Another 7. seldom

(2) Keys 1. trouble 2. dark 3. prevent 4. allows 5. softly 6. choice 7. methods

(2) Keys:1. enable 2. likely 3. However 4. healthier 5. failure 6. present 7. necessary

(3) Keys:1. lose 2. bad 3. worse 4. easily 5. record 6. stop 7. different

【课后作业】

1. Africa 2. European 3. fierce, fiercely 4. create 5. creator 6. invented, inventor 7.

existence

8. harmless. 9. harmful 11. creative, thinker 12. thinker, think 13. Greece 14.

amusement

15. characters 16. real 17. real, really 18. harm 19. unbelievable 20. died 21. repairs

22. repairs 23. repaired 24. navigator 25. lost 26. lost, lost 27. unexplored 28. unexplored

29. storeys , storey 30. approaching 31. approaches 32. clear ,clearly 33. clearly 34. Part , partly

35. Kangaroos 36. roar 37. roared 38. peacefully 39. peace 40. favour 41. frightened 42.

frightening, fright

43. frightening, frightened 44. types 45. types 46. sprang 47. springs 48. killed 49. killing 50. lay

51. sleepy , asleep 52. sleeping 53. attracts 54. attractive 55. interruption 56. panicky 57.

panicked

58. freedom 59. freely 60. free 61. free, freedom 62. silence, silent 63. silently 64. crashed

65. crash 66. decision 67. decision 68. finished 69. done 70. gone 71. frighten 72. noise 73.

attracts

74. safety 75. dead 76. attractive 77. safely 78. feet 79. successful 80. saved 81. loudly

82. disappear 83. invented 84. powerful 85. attractive 86. safety 87. redder 88. argued 89. truth

90. twentieth 91. friends 92. lost 93. Greece 94. harmless 95. thinker 96. dead 97. famous

98. faster 99. difficult, more difficult , the most difficult 100. thinker