2024年5月13日发(作者：手机sd卡无法格式化)
Lexicology (Lecture Ten)
2011.11.03
Synonymy
1. Definition of Synonymy
Synonymy is a relationship of ‘sameness of meaning’ that may hold
between two words. Synonym: a word that means the same as another.
2. Types of synonyms 同义词种类
绝对同义词、相对同义词、语体同义词、短语同义词
a. Absolute (exact) synonymy绝对同义词: Strict synonyms refer to two words
which are identical in meaning in all its aspects. They are interchangeable in all
contexts.
Strict synonyms are very rare, and some linguists even argue that strict
synonyms do not exist.
e.g. fatherland, motherland; word-building, word-formation
b. relative (partial) synonymy 相对同义词：When we speak of synonymy, we
mean ‘partial’ or ‘relative’ synonymy, where we find not only a significant
overlap in meaning between two words, but also some contexts where they cannot
be used interchangeably.
e.g. beautiful, good-looking, pretty
laugh, smile, giggle, grin
c. phrase synonyms: words, phrases or idioms can be changeable
e.g. to take a hand in something; to interfere in something
to be in two minds; to be in twenty minds
3. Distinguishing synonyms 同义词辨析
We often take the following things into consideration when we try to find the
differences between synonyms.
Different English dialects
Different stylistic meanings
Different connotative meanings
Antonymy
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