2024年5月4日发(作者：手机wifi老是自动断开)

American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the American War of Independ

ence,or simply the Revolutionary War in the United States, began as a war betwee

n the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew into

aworld war between Britain on one side and the newly formed United States, Fra

nce, Netherlands, Spain, and Mysore on the other. American independence was a

chieved and European powers recognized the independence of the United States,

with mixed results for the other nations involved.

France, Spain and the Dutch Republic all secretly providedsupplies, ammuniti

on and weapons to the revolutionaries starting early in 1776. By June 1776 the A

mericans were in full control of every state, but then the British Royal Navy captur

ed New York City and made it their main base. The war became a standoff. The Ro

yal Navy could occupy other coastal cities for brief periods, but the rebels controll

ed the countryside, where 90 percent of the population lived. British strategy relie

d on mobilizingLoyalist militia and was never fully realized. A British invasion from

Canada in 1777 ended in the capture of the British army at the Battles of Saratog

a.

That American victory persuaded France to enter the war openly in early 177

8, balancing the two sides' military strength. Spain and the Dutch Republic—Fren

ch allies—also went to war with Britain over the next four years, threatening an in

vasion of Great Britain and severely testing British military strength with campaig

ns in Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean. Spain's involvementresulted in the expulsio

n of British armies from West Florida, securing the American southern flank. The

British naval victory at the Battle of the Saintes thwarted a French and Spanish pla

n to drive Britain out of the Caribbean and preparations for a second attempt wer

e halted by the declaration of peace. A long Franco-Spanish siege of the British st

ronghold at Gibraltar also resulted in defeat. French involvement proved decisive

yet expensive, ruining France's economy and driving the country into massive de

bt. A French naval victory just outside Chesapeake Bay led to a siege by combine

d French and Continental armies that forced a second British army to surrender at

Yorktown, Virginia in 1781. Fighting continued throughout 1782, while peace neg

otiations began. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the so

vereignty of the United States over the territory bounded roughly by what is now

Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west.A

wider international peace was agreed, in which several territories were exchanged

.