2024年5月3日发(作者：qq无需下载直接登录)

武术英文

Wushu (武術 or 武术; pinyin: wushù) literally means "martial art". It is

commonly used much the same way as the popular term kung fu, referring

specifically to Chinese martial arts, but is in China also used as a general

term for any martial art. Today, many also use wushu, modern wushu or

contemporary wushu as a name for the modern styles of Chinese martial arts

that are practiced solely for exhibition and competition.

Translation

The word wushu consists of two Chinese characters. 武 (wu), meaning

martial or military, and 術 (shù), which translates into art, skill or method.

Together these form "wushù" or "martial art". To be more precise, the first

character 武 (wu) is actually a combination of two other characters: 止 (zhǐ)

and 戈 (ge). The first means to stop or halt something, and the latter

symbolizes an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a spear. Notice that a

stroke symbolizing a dagger on the side of the character "ge" is shelved.

Because of this, many consider a more detailed translation of wushu to be

"method to stop weapon" or "the art of stopping violence", more similar to the

Western term self-defense. This aspect plays a major role in the philosophies

that are present in many Chinese martial arts, which emphasize that the best

way to defeat an enemy is to do so without fighting, and that the easiest way

to not fight is to avoid situations that might lead to any fighting at all.

Contemporary Wushu

Wushu, modern wushu, and contemporary wushu often refer to the modern

recompilations of traditional wushu forms created in the People's Republic of

China. These are practiced as a demonstration sport, much like gymnastics,

and judged and given points according to specific rules. Similar to

gymnastics, there are separate events, the main ones being:

Barehand

長拳 Changquan (Long Boxing)

南拳 Nanquan (Southern Boxing)

太極拳 Taijiquan (Taiji Boxing)

Short Weapons

刀 Dao (Broadsword)

劍 Jian (Straightsword)

太極劍 Taijijian (Taiji Straightsword)

南刀 Nandao (Southern Broadsword)

Long Weapons

棍 Gun (Staff)

槍 Qiang (Spear)

南棍 Nangun (Southern Staff)

Most events were first set up in 1958.

Changquan refers to long-range extended wushu styles like Chaquan (查拳),

Huaquan (華拳), Hongquan (洪拳), and Shaolinquan (少林拳), but the wushu

event is a modern style derived from movements of these and other

traditional styles. Changquan is the most widely-seen of the wushu events,

and includes whirling, running, leaping, and acrobatics. Changquan is difficult

to perform, requiring great flexibility and athleticism, and is often practiced

from a young age.

Nanquan refers to wushu styles originating in south China (i.e., south of the

Yangtze river), including Hongjiaquan (洪家拳), Cailifoquan (蔡李佛拳), and

Yongchunquan (詠春拳). Many are known for vigorous, athletic movements

with very stable, low stances and intricate hand movements. The wushu

event is a modern style derived from movements of these and other

traditional southern styles. Nanquan requires less flexibility than Changquan,

has fewer acrobatics, and is thus easier for young adults to practice. This

event was created in 1960.

Taijiquan is a wushu style famous for slow, relaxed movements, and often

seen as an exercise method for old people. The wushu event is a modern

recompilization based on the Yang (楊) style of Taijiquan, but also including

movements of the Chen (陳), Wu (吳), Wu (武), and Sun (孫) styles.

Dao refers to any curved, one-sided sword/blade, but the wushu event is a

Changquan method of using a medium-sized willow-leaf-shaped dao (柳葉

刀).

Jian refers to any double-edged straight sword/blade, but the wushu event is

a Changquan method of using the jian.

Gun refers to a long staff slightly less tall than the user with his arms

stretched up, but the wushu event is a Changquan method of using the gun.

Qiang refers to a flexible spear with red hair attached to the spearhead, but

the wushu event is a Changquan method of using the qiang.

Taijijian is an event using the jian based on traditional Taijiquan jian

methods.

Nandao is a weapon that appears to be based on the butterfly swords of

Yongchunquan, but has been lengthened and changed so that only one is

used (as opposed to a pair). This event is a Nanquan method, and was

created in 1992.