2024年4月25日发(作者：磁盘如何去掉写保护)

active英文知识点总结

1. Parts of Speech

In the English language, there are eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective,

adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Understanding the function of each part

of speech is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences.

- Noun: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. For example, "dog,"

"city," "book," and "happiness" are all nouns.

- Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that can be used instead of a noun. Common pronouns

include "he," "she," "it," "we," and "they."

- Verb: A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. Examples of

verbs are "run," "eat," "sleep," and "be."

- Adjective: An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun. Examples of adjectives

include "beautiful," "tall," "happy," and "exciting."

- Adverb: An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs often

answer the questions of "how," "when," "where," and "why." Examples of adverbs are

"quickly," "happily," "there," and "soon."

- Preposition: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or

pronoun and other words in a sentence. Common prepositions include "in," "on," "under,"

"over," and "between."

- Conjunction: A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a

sentence. Common conjunctions include "and," "but," "or," "nor," and "yet."

- Interjection: An interjection is a word or phrase used to express strong emotion or

surprise. Examples of interjections are "wow," "ouch," "oh," and "bravo."

2. Sentence Structure

English sentences follow a specific structure that includes a subject, verb, and often an

object. Understanding sentence structure is crucial for creating clear and meaningful

communication.

- Subject: The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the

action or is described by the verb. For example, in the sentence "The cat is sleeping," "cat" is

the subject.

- Verb: The verb of a sentence is the action or state of being that the subject performs. In the

sentence "She is reading," "is reading" is the verb.

- Object: In some sentences, there is an object, which is the person, place, thing, or idea that

receives the action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "He ate the apple," "apple" is

the object.

3. Tenses

Verbs in English indicate the time of an action or state of being through tense. There are

three main tenses in English: past, present, and future.

- Past Tense: The past tense is used to describe actions or states of being that occurred in

the past. For regular verbs, the past tense is formed by adding "ed" to the base form of the

verb (e.g., "walked," "talked"). Irregular verbs have unique past tense forms (e.g., "went,"

"ate").

- Present Tense: The present tense is used to describe actions or states of being that are

currently happening or are generally true. For most verbs, the present tense is the same as

the base form of the verb (e.g., "talk," "write"). The third person singular form adds "s" or

"es" to regular verbs (e.g., "talks", "writes").

- Future Tense: The future tense is used to describe actions or states of being that will

happen in the future. In English, the future tense is often formed using the modal verb "will"

(e.g., "will go," "will eat").

4. Sentence Types

English sentences can be classified into four main types: declarative, interrogative,

imperative, and exclamatory.

- Declarative: A declarative sentence makes a statement or provides information. For

example, "The sun is shining."

- Interrogative: An interrogative sentence asks a question. For example, "Are you coming to

the party?"

- Imperative: An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. For example,

"Please pass the salt."

- Exclamatory: An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion or surprise. For example,

"What a beautiful sunset!"

5. Active and Passive Voice

In English, there are two voices in which a sentence can be structured: active and passive.

Understanding the difference between these two voices is important for effective

communication.

- Active Voice: In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed

by the verb. For example, "The dog chased the cat" is in the active voice because the subject

"dog" performs the action of "chasing."

- Passive Voice: In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action

expressed by the verb. For example, "The cat was chased by the dog" is in the passive voice

because the subject "cat" receives the action of "chasing."

6. Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and one or more particles (e.g., prepositions,

adverbs) that together have a specific meaning. Understanding phrasal verbs is important

for both speaking and understanding English.

- Separable Phrasal Verbs: The object can come between the verb and the particle in

separable phrasal verbs. For example, "I will pick you up at 7:00."

- Inseparable Phrasal Verbs: The object cannot come between the verb and the particle in

inseparable phrasal verbs. For example, "She looks after her younger sister."

7. Articles

English has two articles: "a/an" and "the." Articles are used before nouns to indicate

whether the noun is specific or non-specific.

- "A" and "an" are indefinite articles used before non-specific nouns. For example, "I saw a

dog in the park."

- "The" is the definite article used before specific nouns. For example, "The dog in the park

was chasing a cat."

8. Modal Verbs

In English, modal verbs are used to indicate likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation.

Understanding modal verbs is essential for conveying various shades of meaning in

sentences.

- Some common modal verbs include "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "shall,"

"should," "will," "would," and "ought to."

9. Word Order

In English, word order plays a crucial role in sentence structure. Understanding the correct

word order is essential for creating grammatically correct sentences.

- In English, the basic word order is subject-verb-object (SVO) for declarative sentences.

- The word order can change depending on the type of sentence, the presence of adverbs,

and other factors.

10. Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses. Understanding the

different types of conjunctions and how to use them is important for creating coherent and

cohesive sentences and paragraphs.

- Coordinating Conjunctions: Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses

of equal importance. They are "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "yet," and "so."

- Subordinating Conjunctions: Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses,

which cannot stand alone as complete sentences. They are "because," "if," "although,"

"since," "while," "when," and "before."

In conclusion, the active English knowledge points summarized above are essential for

mastering the English language. Understanding the parts of speech, sentence structure,

tenses, sentence types, active and passive voice, phrasal verbs, articles, modal verbs, word

order, and conjunctions is crucial for becoming proficient in English communication. By

incorporating these knowledge points into language learning and practice, learners can

improve their English skills and become more effective communicators.