2024年4月22日发(作者：免费邮箱注册申请163邮箱)

Designation:D5276–98(Reapproved2004)

StandardTestMethodfor

DropTestofLoadedContainersbyFreeFall

1

ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5276;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof

originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A

superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

1.1Thistestmethodcoversproceduresforthedroptesting

ofloadedboxes,cylindricalcontainers,andbagsandsacksby

thefree-fallmethod.

1.2Forcontainersnotexceeding110lb(50kg),thistest

methodfulfillstherequirementsofISOStandards2206:1987

and2248:n—TheseISOstandardsmaydescribe

proceduresthatdonotmeettherequirementsforthistest

method.

1.3Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded

uesgiveninparenthesesarefor

informationonly.

1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe

safetyconcerns,ifany,e

responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-

priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-

bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

ncedDocuments

2.1ASTMStandards:

2

D585PracticeforSamplingandAcceptingaSingleLotof

Paper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,andRelatedProduct

D644TestMethodforMoistureContentofPaperand

PaperboardbyOvenDrying

D880TestMethodforImpactTestingforShippingCon-

tainersandSystems

D996TerminologyofPackagingandDistributionEnviron-

ments

D2463TestMethodforDropImpactResistanceofBlow-

MoldedThermoplasticContainers

D4003TestMethodsforProgrammableHorizontalImpact

TestforShippingContainersandSystems

D4169PracticeforPerformanceTestingofShippingCon-

tainersandSystems

D4332PracticeforConditioningContainers,Packages,or

PackagingComponentsforTesting

D6055TestMethodsforMechanicalHandlingofUnitized

LoadsandLargeShippingCasesandCrates

D6179TestMethodsforRoughHandlingofUnitized

LoadsandLargeShippingCasesandCrates

E122PracticeforChoiceofSampleSizetoEstimatea

MeasureofQualityforaLotorProcess

E680TestMethodforDropWeightImpactSensitivityof

Solid-PhaseHazardousMaterials

2.2ISOStandards:

ISO2206Packaging—CompleteFilledTransportPackages,

IdentificationofPartsWhenTesting

3

ISO2248Packaging—CompleteFilledTransportPackages,

VerticalImpactTestbyDropping

3

2.3CodeofFederalRegulations:

Title49—Transportation(49CFR)

4

ology

3.1Definitions—Generaltermsforpackaginganddistribu-

tionenvironmentsarefoundinTerminologyD996.

3.2DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStandard:

3.2.1cylinder—forthepurposesofthistestmethod,a

cylinderincludessubstantiallycylindricalcontainerssuchas

barrels,drums,kegs,andpails(fiber,metal,plastic,orwood,or

combinationsthereof).

3.2.2member—aface,corner,oredgeofarectangular

container;achime,end,orsidewallofacylindricalcontainer;

oraface,edge,corner,orbuttofabagorsack.

ficanceandUse

4.1Thistestmethodisintendedforuseinevaluatingthe

capabilityofacontainertowithstandthesuddenshock

resultingfromafreefall,ortoevaluatethecapabilityofa

containeranditsinnerpackingtoprotectitscontentsduringthe

stmethodmay

alsobeusedtocomparetheperformanceofdifferentpackage

stmethodmayalsopermitobservationofthe

progressivefailureofacontainerandthedamagetoits

contents.

ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10on

PackagingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.22onHandlingand

Transportation.

CurrenteditionapprovedApril10,ally

publishedasD5276–eviouseditionD5276–94.

2

ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,or

contactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@ualBookofASTM

Standardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon

theASTMwebsite.

1

AvailablefromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11W.42ndSt.,13th

Floor.,NewYork,NY10036.

4

AvailablefromtheSuperintendentofDocuments,mentPrinting

Office,Washington,DC20402.

3

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

1

4.2Thistestmethodisparticularlysuitableforcontainers

thatarenormallyhandledmanuallyduringsomepartoftheir

nersofsuchbulkormassthatthey

cannotbehandledmanuallymaybetestedmoresatisfactorily

inaccordancewithTestMethodD880,TestMethodsD6055,

TestMethodsD6179,ctice

D4169foradditionalguidance.

tus

5.1Free-FallDropTestEquipment,conformingtothe

followingrequirements:

5.1.1Itshallpermitthecontainertobeplaced,priorto

release,inapositionthatwillensurecorrectorientation,within

2degreesuponimpact,forflat-facedropsorflatdropsonends

orsidewallsofcylindricalcontainers,andwithin5°upon

impactforotherdrops,suchasedgedropsandcornerdropsfor

rectangularcontainers,bags,andsacksanddiagonaldropson

chimesoncylindricalcontainers.

5.1.2Itshallpermitaccuratecontrolofthedropfrom

specifiedheights.

5.1.3Itshallutilizeliftingdevicesthatwillnotdamagethe

testcontainer.

5.1.4Itshallprovideareleasemechanismthatdoesnot

impartvertical,rotational,orsidewaysforcestothetest

leavesareused,theapparatusshallprovide

aspringorothermechanismsothattheleavesdonotinterfere

withafree,unobstructedfall.

5.1.5Itshallprovideanimpactsurface,horizontalandflat,

massiveenoughtobeimmovableandrigidenoughtobe

nondeformableunderthetestconditions.

5.1.5.1Theimpactsurfaceshallbeofconcrete,stone,or

roppingsurfaceisasteelplate,itmustbeatleast

1

⁄

2

in.(13mm)thickandmustbeanchoredfirmlytothemass.

N

OTE

1—Grout(athinmortarusedtofillcrevices)isrecommended

overtheentiresurfaceofthemassbelowtheplatetoensurepositive

contact.

5.1.5.2Theimpactsurfaceshallbeintegralwithamassat

least50timesthatoftheheaviestcontainertobetested.

Neitherthedepthnorwidthofthemassshallbelessthanhalf

thelength.

5.1.5.3Fordroptestingofcontainersnotexceeding110lb

(50kg),theimpactsurfaceshallbeflat,suchthatnotwopoints

onthesurfacedifferinlevelbymorethan

5

⁄

64

in.(2mm).

5.1.5.4Theimpactsurfaceshallberigid,suchthatitwill

notbedeformedbymorethan0.0039in.(0.1mm)whenan

areaof0.1550in.

2

(100mm

2

)isloadedstaticallywith22.05lb

(10kg)anywhereonthesurface.

5.1.5.5Theimpactsurfaceshallbesufficientlylargeto

ensurethatthecontainersbeingtestedfallentirelyuponthe

surface.

5.1.6Arupturehazardmaybeusedfordeterminingthe

otherwisespecified,therupturehazardshouldconsistofa4by

4-in.(102by102-mm)timber,ofoakorotherwoodof

equivalenthardness,approximately4ft(1.2m)long,having

theedgesroundedtoaradiusofnotmorethan

1

⁄

4

in.(6.35

mm).

5.1.6.1Fortestingof49CFR—DOT21Cfiberdrums,a2

by6-in.(51by152-mm)timber,witha6-in.(152-mm)vertical

dimension,mshallbedroppedatright

pheightshallbemeasuredfrom

thetopofthetimber.

5.1.7Forverylargecontainers,itmaybenecessarytousea

hoist,sling,andtrippingdevices,orasolenoid-operateddrop

testmechanismandsuspensiondevices,suchasthosede-

scribedinAppendixX1.

5.1.8ConditioningApparatus—Adequatefacilitiesshallbe

providedforconditioningtestspecimensattheproperhumid-

ityandtemperaturepriortotesting,inaccordancewiththe

specificationcoveringthecontainerstobetested.

5.1.8.1Conditioning—Dependingonthepurposeofthe

tests,containersmaybeconditionedpriortothedroptestby

eitheradifferentphysicaltest,waterimmersion,exposureto

waterspray,orexposuretostandardorotherfixedairtempera-

commendedthatspecial

atmospheresforconditioningbeselectedfromthosegivenin

otherwisespecified,fiber-boardor

paperboardcontainersshallbeconditionedinaccordancewith

thepreconditioningandstandardconditioningatmospheres

specifiedinPracticeD4332(seealsoPracticeD4169for

additionalguidance).

5.1.8.2Wherethemoisturecontentoffiberboardcontainers

isdetermined,itshouldbedeterminedinaccordancewithTest

MethodD644.

ng

6.1Thetestspecimensandnumberofsamplesshallbe

chosentopermitanadequatedeterminationofrepresentative

other-

wisespecified,PracticeD585shallbeusedforacceptance

testingoffiberboardcontainers.

6.2Intheabsenceofanysamplingplan,atleastthree

representativespecimensshouldbeselectedforperformance

evaluation.

ecimens

7.1Whentheprotectivecapabilityofacontaineristobe

evaluated,itispreferabletopackthecontainerwiththeactual

contentsforwhichitwasdesigned(Note2).Whenthe

capabilityofacontainertowithstandroughhandlingistobe

evaluated,packthecontainerwitheithertheactualcontentsor

lessofwhichprocedure

isused,closethecontainerinthesamemannerthatwillbe

usedinpreparingitforshipment.

N

OTE

2—Wheretheuseofactualcontentsisnotfeasiblebecauseof

excessivecostordanger,adummyloadsimulatingthecontentswith

respecttodimensions,centerofgravity,momentofinertia,density,flow

characteristics,rometersorotherindicating

mechanismsmaybeinstalled.

andagesufficientlysothatanyadhesive,protectivecoatings,

sealingtape,andsoforthwillhavereachedtheirfinalnormal

condition.

ure

8.1IdentifymembersasspecifiedinAnnexA1,bymarking,

ataminimum,Faces1,2,and5ofrectangularcontainers;

Positions1,3,5,and7ofcylindricalcontainers;andFaces1,

4,and5ofsacksandbags.

8.2Unlessotherwisespecified,establishfailurecriteria

priortothecommencementoftesting.(SeePracticeD4169,

AcceptanceCriteria.)

8.3Testcontainersthathavebeenconditionedinthecon-

ditionedatmosphereorimmediatelyuponremovalfromthat

atmosphere.

8.4Conductdroptestproceduresbydroppingthecontainer

oneitheronememberorseveraldifferentmembersina

prescribedsequence(cyclicaltesting).

8.4.1Whenthecontaineristobedroppedflatonaface,

positionitsothat,uponimpact,thereisnomorethana2°angle

betweentheplaneofthisfaceandtheimpactsurface.

8.4.2Whenarectangularcontainerorbagistobedropped

onanedge,positionitsothat,uponimpact,thisedgemakesno

morethana2°anglewiththeimpactsurface,andtheplane

containingthisedgeandthecenterofgravityofthecontainer

makesnomorethana5°anglewiththevertical.

8.4.3Whenarectangularcontainerorbagistobedropped

onacorner,positionitsothat,uponimpact,thelinecontaining

thiscornerandthecenterofgravityofthecontainermakesno

morethana5°anglewiththevertical.

8.4.4Whenacylindricalcontaineristobedroppedoneither

achimeoracircumferentialedge,positionitsothat,upon

impact,aplanecontainingthisedgeandthecenterofgravity

ofthecontainermakesnomorethana5°anglewiththe

verticalplaneperpendiculartothedropsurface.

8.4.5Whendeterminingtheruptureresistanceofcylindrical

containersorbags,placearupturehazard(see5.1.6)onthe

targetsurface,andpositionitsothat,unlessotherwisespeci-

fied,thecenterofthecylindersidewallorfaceedgeorbuttof

thebagimpactsacrossthehazard.

8.4.6Beforeeachdropofabagorsack,distributethe

contentsuniformlythroughoutthebagorsack.

8.5HeightofDrop—Determinetheheightofthedropby

measuringfromthebottomsurface,edge,orcornerofthe

containertotheimpactsurface.

9.1Reportthefollowinginformation:

9.1.1Referencetothistestmethod,includingastatementto

theeffectthatalltestswereconductedinfullcompliancewith

therequirementsofthistestmethod,ornotinganyvariations

andtheirdetails.

9.1.2Dimensionsofthecontainerundertesting;complete

structuralspecifications;kindsofmaterials;descriptionand

specificationsforblockingandcushioning,ifused;spacing,

size,andtypeoffasteners;methodofclosingandstrapping,if

any;dryingandagingtime,ifany;andtareandgrossmasses.

9.1.3Descriptionofthecontentsofthecontainerunder

testingand,ifnottestedwiththeactualcontentsintendedtobe

shipped,descriptionoftheseactualcontents.

9.1.4Numberofspecimenstestedpersample.

9.1.5Methodofconditioningthecontainer,ifany;moisture

contentofthewood,plywood,orfiberboard,ifdetermined;

andresultsofanysupplementarytestsofthematerialsfrom

whichthecontainerismade.

9.1.6Descriptionofapparatusandspecialinstrumentation,

ifused.

ahazardotherthanthatspecifiedin5.1.6isused,adescription

ofthehazardused.

9.1.8Detailsofthefailurecriteriaused.

9.1.9Member(s)tested(seeAnnexA1).

9.1.10Descriptionoftheprescribedtestsequence,ifused.

9.1.11Dropheight(s).

9.1.12Sizeoftheincrement,ifavariableheightdroptest

procedureisused.

9.1.13Numberofdrops(ateachincrementalheight,if

applicable).

9.1.14Detailedrecordofthetestresultsforeachcontainer,

includingdamagetothecontainerandcontents,togetherwith

anyotherobservationthatmayassistininterpretingtheresults

correctlyoraidinimprovingthedesignofthecontaineror

methodofpackaging,blocking,orbracing.

9.1.15Whereameanfailureheightisdeterminedbydrop-

ping,astatementofthismeanandtheestimatedstandard

deviationandlevelofconfidence.

9.1.16Nameandaddressofthetestingagency,date,and

signatureofaresponsiblerepresentativeofthetestingagency.

ionandBias

10.1Precision

5

:

10.1.1Aprecisionstatementisnotapplicablewhenthedrop

testisconductedataspecifieddropheighttodetermine

conformancewithestablishedacceptancecriteria.

10.1.2Whenthedroptestisconductedtodeterminethe

dropheighttofailure,theobservedprecisionisacombination

oftheprecisionofthetestmethod(includingapparatus,

operators,etc.)andtheprecisionofthepackagedproductbeing

encehasshownthattheobservedprecisionis

highlydependentontheparticularpackageditembeingtested.

ResearchReportD10–1004describesaninterlaboratorytest

programofthreepackageditems,establishingdropheightsto

ndropheightstofailureforthethreetypesof

packagingwere39,42.6,and47.7in.(991,1083,and1212

mm).Therepeatability(withinlaboratory)standarddeviation

rangedfrom3to10in.(75to250mm)

pooledreproducibility(betweenlaboratory)standarddeviation

was2.25in.(57mm).Theresearchreportsuggeststhattestsof

someitemsproducedatathatarenotdistributednormally;

log-normal,Weilbull,orotherdistributionsmaybeapplicable.

10.2Bias—Nojustifiablestatementcanbemadeonthebias

ofthistestmethodsinceatruevaluecannotbeestablishedby

anacceptedrefereetestmethod.

ds

11.1bags;boxes;cylindricalcontainers;droptest;drums;

freefall;packaging;sacks

5

tRR:D10-

1004.

ANNEXES

(MandatoryInformation)

FICATIONOFMEMBERS

A1.1RectangularContainers—Theprocedureforidentifi-

cationofthemembers(faces,edges,andcorners)ofrectangu-

larcontainersshallbeasfollows(seeFig.A1.1):

A1.1.1Facingoneendoftheboxwiththemanufacturer’s

joint,whereapplicable,ontheobserver’sright,designatethe

topoftheboxas1,therightsideas2,thebottomas3,theleft

sideas4,thenearendas5,andthefarendas6.

A1.1.2Identifytheedgesbythenumbersofthetwofaces

thatformthatedge;forexample,1-2identifiestheedgeformed

bythetopandrightside,and2-5identifiestheedgeformedby

therightsideandnearend.(The2-5edgeistheedgehavinga

verticalmanufacturer’sjoint,andthe2-3edgeistheedge

havingahorizontalmanufacturer’sjointinfiberboardcontain-

ers.)

A1.1.3Identifythecornersbythenumbersofthethree

facesthatmeettoformthatcorner;forexample,1-2-6

identifiesthecomeratwhichthetop,rightside,andfarend

meet.

A1.2CylindricalContainers—Theprocedureforidentifica-

tionofthemembers(tops,bottoms,sidewalls,andchimes)of

cylindricalcontainersshallbeasfollows(seeFig.A1.2):

A1.2.1Theendsoftwoperpendiculardiametersonthe

uppersurfaceofthecylindricalcontainershallbedesignatedas

1,3,5,and7;andtheotherendsoflinesparalleltothecylinder

axispassingthroughthesepointsrespectivelyshallbedesig-

FIG.A1.1MembersofRectangularContainers

FIG.A1.2MembersofCylindricalContainers

natedas2,4,6,ackagehasoneormoreside

seamjoints,oneofthejointsshouldoccupythepositionof5-6.

A1.2.2Identifydiagonaldropsonchimesbydesignating

thedroppointbynumber,thatis,tis

desirabletodroponamidpointbetweentwolocationsonthe

chime,suchapointcanbedesignatedusingtwonumbers,that

is,dropon1-3.

A1.2.3Identifyflatdropsonsidewallsbydesignatingthe

droppointbytwonumbers,thatis,tis

desirabletodroponamidpointbetweentwolocationsonthe

sidewall,suchapointcanbedesignatedusingfournumbers,

thatis,dropon1-3-2-4.

A1.2.4Identifyflatdropsonendsusingthefournumbersof

thatend,thatis,1-3-5-7or2-4-6-8.

A1.3SacksandBags—Theprocedureforidentificationof

themembers(faces,sides,tops,andbottoms)ofbagsandsacks

shallbeasfollows(seeFig.A1.3):

A1.3.1Facingthefrontofthebagwiththetopup,designate

thefrontofthebagas1,therightsideedgeas2,therearside

as3,theleftsideedgeas4,thebottomas5,andthetopas6.

(Whereabagorsackhasoneormoresideseams,Side2shall

includeasideseam.)

FIG.A1.3MembersofSacksandBags

CLESANDPROCEDURES

A2.1Thechoiceofatestcycleorspecificprocedure

mesthedrop

height,testcycles,anddetailedproceduresareprescribedina

contract,regulation,imesa

detailedtestplanmustbedeterminedbasedontheengineering

p

height,packageorientation,andcyclemaybechosenbased

uponknowledgeoftheshippingenvironment,knowledgeof

thetypeandseverityofdropneededtocausecertaintypesof

damagetothepackageorcontents,orprevioustestingorfield

tplanshouldalso

considerthetypeofinformationdesiredfromthetesting:a

statementwhetherornotpreestablishedacceptancecriteriawas

obtained;qualificationofdamage,determinationofthedrop

heighttofailure;thenumberofdropstofailure,etc.

A2.1.1Thisannexcoverssometestcyclesandprocedures

forusingthedroptest,butothercyclesandproceduresare

availableormaybedeveloped.

A2.2ConstantDropHeightProcedures—Theseprocedures

consistofsingleormultipledropsfromaconstantdropheight.

Replicatesamplesshouldbesubjectedtoidenticalprocedures

ltypesof

dropcyclesareasfollows:

A2.2.1SingleDrop—Dropthetestpackagefromanorien-

tationandheightspecified.

A2.2.2TenDropCycle(Boxes)—Dropthetestpackageon

abottomcorner(forexample,2-3-5),theshortestedge

radiatingfromthatcorner,thenextlongestedgeradiatingfrom

thatcorner,thelongestedgeradiatingfromthatcorner,flaton

thesmallesttwofaces,flatonthenexttwolargestfaces,and

flatonthetwolargestfaces.

A2.2.3FourDropCycle(Boxes)—Dropthetestpackageon

acorner,theshortestedgeradiatingfromthatcorner,thenext

longestedgeradiatingfromthatcorner,andthelongestedge

radiatingfromthatcorner.

A2.2.4Twenty-SixDropCycle(Boxes)—Dropthetestpack-

ageoneachflatface,edge,andcorner.

A2.2.5EightCornerDropCycle(Boxes)—Dropthetest

packageoneachoftheeightcorners.

A2.2.6TwelveEdgeDropCycle(Boxes)—Dropthetest

packageoneachofthetwelveedges.

A2.2.7FourRimDropCycle(CylindricalContainers)—

Dropthetestpackageonceoneachhalfofthetopandbottom

rims.

A2.2.8SixFlatDropCycle—Dropthetestpackageflaton

eachfaceforaboxoreachendandfoursidesforabagor

ylinder,thefoursidedropsshallbe90°apart.

A2.2.9RepeatedDropCycle—Dropthetestpackagefora

uedroppingonsimilar

cyclesuntilaspecifiedtypeofdamageisnotedtothepackage

oceduredeterminesthenumberofdropsor

cyclesrequiredtodamagethepackageorcontents.

A2.2.10CriticalOrientation—Whenadropisspecifiedfor

amostcriticalordamage-proneorientation,asingledropis

erminationofthecritical

eaformalstudyofthe

relationshipbetweendroporientationanddamage,otherengi-

neeringanalysesofthatproductandpackage,orlaboratoryand

fieldexperiencewithsimilarpackages.

A2.2.11HazardDrop—Dropthetestpackageontoaspeci-

fiedhazardfromaspecifiedheightandorientation.

A2.3ProgressiveDropHeightProcedure:

A2.3.1Dropthetestpackagefromaninitialdropheight

chosentobeunlikelytocausepredefineddamagetothe

llbeinaprescibedorientationor

mageoccursfromthe

initialdropheight,increasethedropheightbyapredetermined

thedropordropcycleonthesamepackage

untilthepredefimmonto

estimatethecriticaldropheightasthemidpointbetweenthe

lastsuccessfultestandthetestwhichcauseddamage;useof

thesuccessfultestpointbeforefailuremaybeconsidereda

atesamplesshouldbe

subjectedtoidenticalproceduestodeterminetheconsistency

ldistributioncannotbeassumed

forstatisticalanalysis;alog-normalorWeilbulldistributionare

oftenbetter.

A2.3.2Thisprocedurecanproducedamageorfailurebased

mesa

singledropordropcyclefromaheightwhichcausedcumu-

lativedamageofthisprocedurewillnotcausesimilardamage

tothepackageorcontents.

A2.4UpandDownProcedure:

A2.4.1Thisprocedureisusedwhenthemediandropheight

(H

50

)tofailureisdesiredbuttheprogressiveheightprocedure

cannotbeusedbecauseoftheeffectsofcumulativedamage.

Thisprocedurevariesthedropheightforeachdroporcyclebut

beroftest

specimensdependsonthepurposeofthetestsbutwillusually

requireelevenormorereplicatetestspecimens;usingmuch

largersamplesizeswillresultinhigherconfidenceinthe

sttochooseanoddnumberoftest

specimens.

A2.4.2Dropthefirsttestpackageforaprescribeddropor

dropcyclefromadropheightestimatedasbeingtheaverage

specimenpassesatthisdrop

height,thenexttestwillbeatahigherdropheightwithanew

ils,thenexttestwillbealowerdropheight.

Theheightofeachdropisthusdeterminedbytheresultofthe

pheightincrementisaconstantand

shouldbebetween

1

⁄

2

and2timestheestimatedstandard

deviation;itoftenmaybe3to4in.(75to100mm).

A2.4.3Ifanormaldistributioncanbeassumed,estimation

oftheaverageormediandropheighttofailurebeginswith

earemore

passesthanfailures,computethearithmeticmeanoftheheight

ofthefailuresandsubtract

1

⁄

2

therearemorefailuresthanpasses,averagetheheightofthe

passesandadd

1

⁄

2

ofthedropheightincrement.

A2.4.4Toestimatethestandarddeviationofthedropheight

tofailure,calculatethestandarddeviationofthetestdata:the

dropheightofthepasses,offailures,whicheverisless

stbebasedonn,thenumberofpassesor

failures,andnotn−1asisfoundonsomecalculators.

S51.62

S

S

t

2

10.029

d

2

D

(A2.1)

where:

S=estimatedstandarddeviationofthedropheightsto

failure,

S

t

=calculatedstandarddeviationoftestdataforpassesor

failures,whicheverislessfrequent,and

d=dropheightincrement.

A2.4.5Anormaldistributioncannotalwaysbeassumed.

Severaltexts

6

,

7

,

8

onexperimentalstatisticsandstandards,

describethistestprocedureinmoredetail,provideadditional

calculations,anddiscussmethodstocompensatefornon-

normaldistributions(seeTestMethodsD2463andE680).

Theuseofalog-normaldistributionisoftensuggestedbutthis

requiresthedropheightincrementtobeaconstantbasedonthe

logarithmsofthedropheight,thustheactualdropheight

incrementwouldchangewiththedropheight.

Dixon,W.J.,andMassey,F.J.,IntroductiontoExperimentalStatistical

Analysis,McGrawHill,1969,pp.337-393.

7

Lipson,C.,andSheth,N.J.,StatisticalDesignandAnalysisofEngineering

Experiments,McGrawHill,1973,pp.270-274.

8

Natrella,M.G.,“ExperimentalStatistics,”NBSHandbook91,,1963,

Chapter10.

6

APPENDIX

(NonmandatoryInformation)

STMECHANISMS

SeeFigs.X1.1-X1.4.

FIG.X1.1HooksforHoist-SilingDropTestApparatus

FIG.X1.2TrippingDeviceforHoist-SilingDropTestApparatus

FIG.X1.3SolenoidReleaseMechanismWithFacePlateRemoved

andHoldingJawsinOpenPosition

FIG.X1.4CornerSuspensionDeviceAtachedtoaConventional

TruckCornerSealedInsideBoxtoBeTested

ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentioned

fthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtherisk

ofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.

Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsand

ifnotrevised,mmentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandards

mmentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingofthe

responsibletechnicalcommittee,eelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushould

makeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow.

ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,

dualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheabove

addressorat610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),orservice@(e-mail);orthroughtheASTMwebsite

().