2024年4月11日发(作者：win7清除开机密码)

JournalofHazardousMaterialsA94(2002)1–36

Risk-basedprocesssafetyassessmentandcontrol

measuresdesignforoffshoreprocessfacilities

∗

,RehanSadiq,TahirHusain

FacultyofEngineering&AppliedScience,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,

’s,NF,CanadaA1B3X5

Received24August2001;receivedinrevisedform18December2001;accepted20December2001

Abstract

Processoperationisthemosthazardousactivitynexttothetransportationanddrillingoperation

onanoffshoreoilandgas(OOG)periencesofonshoreandoffshoreoilandgas

activitieshaverevealedthatasmallmis-happeningintheprocessoperationmightescalatetoa

ofespecialconcernintheOOGplatformduetothelimitedspaceandcompact

geometryoftheprocessarea,lessventilation,anddiffiGplatform,

eachextracontrolmeasure,whichisimplemented,notonlyoccupiesspaceontheplatformand

increasescongestionbutalsoaddsextraloadtotheplatform.

EventualitiesintheOOGplatformprocessoperationcanbeavoidedthroughincorporatingthe

paper,theauthorsdescribeamethod-

hodologyisapplied

tovariousoffshoreprocessunits,thatis,thecompressor,separators,flashdrumanddriersofan

ntheriskpotential,appropriatesafetymeasuresaredesignedforeachunit.

Thispaperalsoillustratesthatimplementationofthedesignedsafetymeasuresreducesthehigh

Fatalaccidentrate(FAR)valuestoanacceptablelevel.

©htsreserved.

Keywords:Offshoresafety;Offshoreriskassessment;Accidents;Risk-baseddesign;Safetymeasuresdesign

uction

Anoffshoreproductionfacilityinvolvesdrillingrig,structure,transportation,process

plant,worker’cessplantofafullymanned

productionfacilitytypicallyinvolvesanumberofstagesofoil,gasandwaterseparation,

gascompression,kpresentonatypicaloffshoreinstallationmaybe

.:+1-709-737-7652;fax:+1-709-737-4042.

E-mailaddress:fkhan@().

0304-3894/02/$–seefrontmatter©htsreserved.

PII:S0304-3894(02)00004-3

∗

al./JournalofHazardousMaterialsA94(2002)1–36

Nomenclature

AP

F1–F3

G

H

c

K

M

NF,NR,NH

pn

pnr

PP

SP

T

TP

V

VP

atmosphericpressure(kPa)

coreenergyfactorsusedindamageindexestimation

coretoxicloadfactorusedintoxicdamageindexestimation

heatofcombustion(kJ/kg)

constant(3148)

massofchemical(kg)ormassreleaserate(kg/s)

NFPArankingforflammability,reactivityandhumanhealth

penaltiesfordamageindexestimation

penaltiesfortoxicdamageindexestimation

processingpressure(kPa)

specificheatratio

temperature(

◦

C)

transportationpressure(kPa)

volumeofchemical(m

3

)

vaporpressure(kPa)

categorizedas:processrisk,droppedobjectrisk,structuralfailurerisk,helicopteraccident

risk,hese,processrisk(riskduetofireandexplosioninthe

processfacility)contributesmorethan50%ofthetotalriskoftheinstallation[1].

Withalloftheavailableoptions,thenumbersofdesignpermutationsareconsiderable.

Anoffshoredevelopmentcanneverbecompletelysafebutthedegreeofinherentsafetycan

beincreasedbyselectingtheoptimumdesignintermsoftheinstallation/fieldconfiguration

andthelayout,whichreducestherisktoalevelthatisaslowasreasonablypracticable

(ALARP)quirestheidentificationof

majorriskcontributorsandtheirassessmentbyusingquantitativeriskassessment(QRA)

techniquesearlyintheprojectlifecycle[2].Ifthestructuredapproachofidentificationand

assessmentisnotcarriedoutearlyintheproject,itispossiblethattheengineeringjudgment

approachwillfailtoidentifyallofthemajorrisksandlosspreventionexpenditurewillbe

targetedinareaswherethereislittlebenefiuldresultedinexpensiveremedial

actionslaterduringthelifeoftheproject.

Giventhenumberofpotentialdesignoptions,itwouldnotbepossible,duetotimeand

resourceconstraints,todevelopalloptionstothepointwhereadetailedQRAstudycould

rlyphaseoftheproject,designoftenchangesasaresultofeconomic

driversorotherexternalinfluences.

CrawleyandGrant[3]

toolpermitstheriskassessmentofmanydesignoptionsinamethodical,consistentand

medatreducingfront-enddesigncostsandtargetingdesignefforts

inacost-effectiveandsafety-orientedmanner.

ThetimeandeffortrequiredtocompleteafullQRAofanoffshoreinstallationisafunction

ofthecomplexityandsizeoftheinstallationwhichintheextremecasecouldrequiremany

monthseffortsspreadoveraprolongedperiod[3,4].Thistimescaleprecludesthesupportof

therapidlychangingdesign,