2024年4月6日发(作者：itunes下载不了)

word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持

国贸名词解释

1. Opportunity cost theory (机会成本理论)：The theory that the cost of a commodity is the amount of a

second commodity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one more unit of the

first commodity.

2. Production possibility frontier (生产可能性曲线)：A curve showing the various alternative combinations

of two commodities that a nation can produce by fully utilizing all of its resources with the best technology

available to it .

3. Marginal rate of transformation (边际转换率)： The amount of one commodity that a nation must give

up to produce each additional unit of another commodity .The is another name for the opportunity cost of a

commodity and is given by the slope of the production frontier at the point of production.

4. Community indifference curve (社会无差异性曲线)：The curve that shows the various combinations of

two commodities yielding equal satisfaction to the community or nation .Community indifference curves

are negatively sloped, convex from origin ,and should not cross.

5. Terms of trade (贸易条件):The ratio of the index price of a nation’s export to its import commodities.

6. Equilibrium-commodity price with trade (贸易均衡的相对商品价格): The common relative

commodity price in two nations at which trade is balanced.

7. Offer curves (提供曲线)：A curve that shows how much of its import commodity a nation demands to be

willing to supply various amount of its export commodity ,or the willingness of the nation to import and

export at various relative commodity prices.

8. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (赫克歇尔-俄林原理)：The part of the Heckscher-Ochlin theory that

postulates that a nation will export the commodity intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor and

import the commodity intensive in its relatively scarce and expensive factor.

问答题

P16 2. What was the basis for and the pattern of trade according to Adam Smith ? How were gains from

trade generated ? What policies did Smith advocate in international trade? What did he think was the proper

function of government in the economic life of the nation ?

根据亚当斯密的理论，其贸易模式的基础和模式是什么？贸易所得是怎样产生的？亚当主张在国际贸易

中推行怎样的针车？他认为振幅在国家的经济运行中应当扮演怎样的角色？

Proponents of an open trading system maintain that free trade leads to lower prices, the development of more

efficient production methods, and a greater range of consumption choices. Free trade permits resources to

move from their lowest productivity to their highest productivity. Critics of an open trading system maintain

that import competition may displace domestic firms and workers. It is also argued that during periods of

national emergency, it is in the best interests of a nation to protect strategic industries.

P52 2. The mercantilists maintained that government should stimulate exports and restrict imports so

word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持

as to increase a nation's holdings of gold. A nation could only gain at the expense of other nations because not

all nations could simultaneously have a trade surplus. Smith maintained that with free trade, international

specialization of resources in production leads to an increase in world output which can be shared by both

trading partners. All nations simultaneously can enjoy gains from trade in terms of production and

consumption.

that by devoting all of its resources to the production of steel, France can produce 40 tons. By

devoting all of its resources to televisions, France can produce 60 televisions. Comparable figures for Japan

are 20 tons of steel and 10 televisions. In this example, France has an absolute advantage in the production of

steel and televisions. France has a comparative advantage in televisions.

ng the role of demand's impact on market prices, Smith and Ricardo maintained that a country's

competitive position is underland by cost conditions. Smith's trade theory is based on absolute costs, while

comparative costs underlie Ricardo's trade theory.

P104 Leontief paradox questioned the applicability of the factor-endowment theory by

concluding that the United States exported labor-intensive goods. This was the opposite conclusion that would

be expected when applying the factor endowment theory to the United States.

general, the size of the welfare responses to tariffs is determined by the impact of the tariffs on domestic

prices and the response of domestic producers and consumers to these price changes.

P78 gains a country enjoys from free trade depend on the equilibrium terms of trade, which

is determined by world supply and demand conditions. By recognizing only the role of supply, Ricardo was

unable to determine the equilibrium terms of trade.

P52 a nation produces along its production possibilities curve in autarky affects the

nation's comparative costs under increasing cost conditions. This is because the slope of a bowed-out

production possibilities curve, which indicates the marginal rate of transformation, varies at each point along the

curve. Under conditions of constant costs, the production possibilities curve is a straight line. The marginal

rate of transformation does not change in response to movements along the production possibilities curve.

判断题

第1章 国际经济

F two most important trading partners of the United States are Canada and Mexico.

F United States exports a larger percentage of its gross domestic product than Japan, Germany,

and Canada.

T g the economy to international trade tends to lessen inflationary pressures at home.

T benefits of international trade accrue in the forms of lower domestic prices, development of

more efficient methods and new products, and a greater range of consumption choices.

F an open trading system, a country will import those commodities that it produces at relatively

low cost while exporting commodities that can be produced at relatively high cost.

T gh free trade provides benefits for consumers, it is often argued that import protection

should be provided to domestic producers of strategic goods and materials vital to the

nation’s security.