2024年3月29日发(作者：联想24小时售后服务电话)

Logical Figures of Speech

“寓言”与“汉语”

“汉语”“寓言”的词源来源于《庄子》。《庄子·寓言》：“寓言十九，藉外论之。”郭象

的注解“十九”说：“十言而九见信。”可见，庄子认为寓言的特点是假借另外的事物以说

明道理，寓言说理的成功率非常大。可惜，庄子没有强调寓言的故事性，以致古人把寓言

理解得过于宽泛，甚至把寓言等同于一般的比喻或者抒发理想的作品。在先秦诸子百家的

著作中，有许多当时流行的优秀寓言，如：《亡鈇》、《攘鸡》、《宋人揠苗》、《矛盾》、《郑人

买履》、《守株待兔》、《刻舟求剑》、《画蛇添足》等。

“寓言”与“西文”

西方寓言主要有四大类型：1、fable型：以伊索寓言为代表，大多是拟人化的动物故

事。如：<狼和小羊>。fable这个词有寓言、童话、神话的含义。2、Parable型:以《圣

经》寓言为代表,大多是人物故事,富有宗教色彩。如:《浪子回头》。Parable这个 词就有寓

言、比喻的含义。3、Allegory型：一种长篇大的双重结构的文体，如班扬的小说《天路

历程》，斯宾塞的长诗《仙女王》。4、Morality Play型。这四个类型概括起来可称为Allegoric

tales.

I. ALLEGORY

: The word " allegory" is from the Greek word " allegoria", which

means"speaking otherwise".

Allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a primary or

surface meaning, and a secondary or under-the-surface meaning. Since it

represents one thing in the guise of another, i. e., an abstraction in that of a

concrete image, it can be read, understood and interpreted at two levels -- the

literal level and the political, ethical or religious level.

Allegories are effective in teaching or explaining some abstract idea. They are

favorably used in moral teaching.

It is a figurative representation of some abstract truth by the use of symbolic

language.

In allegories, names of the characters and places are often symbols of certain

qualities. In Banyan's

Pilgrim's Progress

, the names of the characters are

"

Christian

", "

Mr. Blind-man

", "

Mr. No-good

", the names of places like "

City of

Despond"

, "

Vanity Fair

", "

Celestial City

", etc. Readers can easily see the underlying

sense in these proper names.

Allegory is closely related to the fable and the parable. Allegory, fable and

parable are all figurative ways of telling stories about fictional characters and

events with the purpose of teaching or illustrating a moral principle. They all

suggest the truth without stating it directly. But there are differences between

them. An allegory may be long and elaborate, with many characters and incidents.

A fable usually states the moral at the end. The story is told in terms of animals

that speak and reflect the nature of human beings. A parable is brief. It typically

shows the application of a moral precept to a familiar situation.