2024年3月24日发(作者:视频播放器哪个软件最好用)
华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
摘 要
“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”都可以表示不久前的时间,意义相近,但是用法不同。
本文主要研究“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”在表达时间意义时意义和用法的区别,从
对外汉语教学中留学生出现的偏误出发,依托龚千炎先生的《汉语的时相时制时态》
中的相关理论,分别从时相、时制、时态三个方面论述了“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”
与汉语时间表达的关系。并在此基础上比较三者在语义特征、句法特征、语用特征
上的不同。
语义特征上,从表达的时间是时点还是时段;是客观还是主观;三者在时间轴
上的参照时点有何不同这三个方面做了论述。提出时间副词“刚”、“刚刚”也可以
表示时点意义,“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”表达时间的客观性和主观性都带有一定的
相对性,并且系统归纳了它们在时间轴上的参照点。
句法特征上,主要从以下几个方面做了阐述:与完成、实现时态“了
1
”、“了
2
”、
“已经”的共现情况;与近经历时态“来着”和经历时态“过”的共现情况;与进
行、持续时态“着”、“在”、“正在”、“正”的共现情况;与否定词“不”、“没(有)”
的共现情况;与他类副词连用情况。根据刑福义先生(1990)将“刚刚”划分为“刚
刚
1
”和“刚刚
2
”两个的观点,本文着重探讨了如何辨别句中出现的“刚刚”是“刚
刚
1
”还是“刚刚
2
”。这也是本文的一大创新之处。
语用特征上,主要认为“刚”、“刚才”是语体上的中性词;“刚刚”多用于口语
述说,在书面表达中“刚”、“刚才”的使用频率远远高于“刚刚”。本文还着重讨论
了“刚刚”一般不能与“一X就Y”共现,除了节律上的制约外还因为“刚刚”本身
就带有强调的意思,强调时间间不容发,所以不能和“一X就Y”连用。因此有时候
语用功能可以影响句法结构,引起与其他词语之间共现能力的差异。
本文在前人研究的基础上开辟新角度,采用新方法,描写和解释相结合,力求
弄清“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”三者的区别。
关键词:时间范畴 时相 时制 时态 语义特征 句法特征 语用特征
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华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
Abstract
“gang”、“gang gang”and“gang cai”all means shor time,which have similar meanings but
different thesis mainly focuses on the differences among“gang”、“gang
gang”and“gang cai”when they all mean short on the errors in the Chinese
teaching as a foreign language the overseas students commit,according to the theories in
the book《chinese phase,tense and aspect》by gong qian yan ,the thesis try to explain the
relationship between these three words and category of time。Based on the conclusions
which have been made , a comparative study of “gang”、“gang gang”and“gang cai”is
made which reveals their differences in semantic features ,syntactic features and pragmatic
features.
The differences in semantic features are discussed in three ways : “gang”、“gang
gang”and“gang cai”mean time point or time selection,objective time or subjective time
and have different setted time. The differences in syntactic features are about whether
“gang”、“gang gang”and“gang cai”can be with the auxiliary words of “来着”、“过”、“了”、
“已经”、“正在”、“正”and“在”and the reasons why“gang”、“gang gang”and“gang cai”can
be described by negative words“不”and“没有”or there are other adverbs ,what is
the order between“gang”、“gang gang”or“gang cai”and them .According to the Mr xing fu
yi’s points ,“gang gang”can been divided into two words : “gang gang
1
”and “gang
gang
2
”.But how to distinguish these two “gang gang”has not been investigated and it is the
first time to study this issue. The differences in pragmatic features are not as complicated
as syntactic ly it is considered “gang”and“gang cai”are neutral in the type
of writing,which can been used in the writing and speaking,whereas “gang gang”is often
used in is discussed that“gang gang”can not been used when there is “一X就
Y”in the sentences not only because of rhythm,but alse because the meaning of“gang
gang”emphasizes the instant time .So pragmatic features affect the syntactic structures and
what auxiliary words or expressions to be with.
The thesis opened new perspectives and methods of describing and explaining and
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