2024年3月19日发(作者：台式电脑系统还原怎么操作)

Economy of the United States

Presemt Economy

The United States of America is the world's largest national economy. The

United States has a mixed economy and has maintained a stable overall GDP

growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and

capital investment. The US has abundant natural resources, a well-developed

infrastructure, and high productivity. The U.S. is the world's largest producer of oil

and natural gas. It is the second-largest trading nation in the world as well as the

world's second largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global

manufacturing output. The United States has one of the world's largest and most

influential financial markets. The New York Stock Exchange is by far the world's

largest stock exchange by market capitalization. The United States has the largest

consumer market in the world, with a household final consumption expenditure

five times larger than Japan's. The labor market has attracted immigrants from all

over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world. The

U.S. is one of the top-performing economies in studies such as the Ease of Doing

Business Index, the Global Competitiveness Report, and others. The US economy is

currently embroiled in the economic downturn which followed the financial crisis

of 2007–08, with output still below potential according to the Congressional

Budget Office.

The Development of American Economy

Colonial era

The economic history of the United States has its roots in European

settlements in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The American colonies went

from marginally successful colonial economies to a small, independent farming

economy, which in 1776 became the United States of America. In 180 years, the US

grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that made up around one fifth

of the world economy. As a result, the US GDP per capita converged on and

eventually surpassed that of the U.K., as well as other nations that it previously

trailed economically. The economy maintained high wages, attracting immigrants

by the millions from all over the world.

1800s

In the 19th century, recessions frequently coincided with financial crises.

1900s

The United States has been the world's largest national economy since at least

the 1920s.

From the New Deal era that began in 1933, to the Great Society initiatives of

the 1960s, national policy makers relied principally on fiscal policy to influence the

economy. The economy since 1973, however, has been characterized by both

slower growth (averaging 2.7%), and nearly stagnant living standards, with

household incomes increasing by 10%, or only 0.3% annually. The worst recession

in recent decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the financial crisis of

2007–08, when GDP fell by 5.0% from the spring of 2008 to the spring of 2009. In

the 1970s and 1980s, it was popular in the U.S. to believe that Japan's economy

would surpass that of the U.S., but this did not happen. The North American Free

Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, created one of the largest trade blocs in the world in

1994.

2000s

The United States economy experienced a crisis in 2008 led by a derivatives

market and subprime mortgage crisis, and a declining dollar value.

Business culture

A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the

private sector by allowing the private sector to make the majority of economic

decisions in determining the direction and scale of what the U.S. economy

produces. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government

involvement,as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and

enforces contracts.

From its emergence as an independent nation, the United States has

encouraged science and innovation. As a result, the United States has been the

birthplace of 161 of Britannica's 321 Great Inventions, including items such as the

airplane, internet, microchip, laser, cellphone, refrigerator, email, microwave,

personal computer, LCD and LED technology, air conditioning, assembly line,

supermarket, bar code, electric motor, ATM, and many more.

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