2024年3月8日发(作者：怎么下载win7正版系统)

信息素养（Information literacy）

"信息素养 (information literacy)" 的本质是全球信息化需要人们具备的一种基本能力.信息素养这一概念是信息产业协会主席保罗·泽考斯基于1974年在美国提出的.简单的定义来自1989年美国图书馆学会 (american library association, ala), 它包括: 能够判断什么时候需要信息, 并且懂得如何去获取信息, 如何去评价和有效利用所需的信息.

这样的看法目前已形成一种共识.除美国外, 一些西方发达国家的观点大同小异, acrl提出的高校信息素养标准, 在美国已被广泛认可和接收, 英国、澳大利亚等根据国情, 稍有补充和修改.

编辑本段定义

信息素养 (information literacy) 更确切的名称应该是信息文化

(information literacy) 信息素养是一种基本能力 信息素养是一种对信息社会的适应能力.美国教育技术ceo论坛2001年第4季度报告提出21世纪的能力素质, 包括基本学习技能 (指读、写、算) 、信息素养、创新思维能力、人际交往与合作精神、实践能力.信息素养是其中一个方面, 它涉及信息的意识、信息的能力和信息的应用.

信息素养是一种综合能力信息素养涉及各方面的知识, 是一个特殊的、涵盖面很宽的能力, 它包含人文的、技术的、经济的、法律的诸多因素, 和许多学科有着紧密的联系.信息技术支持信 息素养, 通晓信息技术强调对技术的理解、认识和使用技能.而信息素养的重点是内容、传播、分析, 包括信息检索以及评价, 涉及更宽的方面.它是一种了解、搜集、评估和利用信息的知识结构, 既需要通过熟练的信息技术, 也需要通过完善的调查方法、通过鉴别和推理来完成.信息素养是一种信息能力, 信息技术是它的一种工具.

编辑本段九大信息素养标准

1998年, 美国图书馆协会和教育传播协会制定了学生学习的九大信息素养标准, 概括了信息素养的具体内容. 标准一: 具有信息素养的学生能够有效地和高效地获取信息. 标准二: 具有信息素养的学生能够熟练地和批判地评价信息. 标准三: 具有信息素养的学生能够有精确地、创造性地使用信息. 标准四: 作为一个独立学习者的学生具有信息素养, 并能探求与个人兴趣有关的信息. 标准五: 作为一个独立学习者的学生具有信息素养, 并能欣赏作品和其他对信息进行创造性表达的内容. 标准六: 作为一个独立学习者的学生具有信息素养, 并能力争在信 息查询和知识创新中做得最好. 标准七:

对学习社区和社会有积极贡献的学生具有信息素养, 并能认识信息对民主化社会的重要性. 标准八: 对学习社区和社会有积极贡献的学生具有信息素养, 并能实行与信息和信息技术相关的符合伦理道德的行为. 标准九: 对学习社区和社会有积极贡献的学生具有信息素养, 并能积极参与小组的活动探求和创建信息.

编辑本段信息素养的内涵

(一) 信息文化常识

信息系统是由硬件、软件与人三个要素组成的一个整体, 三个要素之间必须十分协调地工作, 才能充分发挥信息系统的效能, 达到预期目标. 硬件是对信息系统的所有物理的实际设施的通称, 包括信息存储设备, 信息传输设备, 信息输入、输出设备以及信息处理设备等几类.

The information storage device. Information needs to be stored

before spreading, such as for video recording equipment, sound

and image information stored in the computer memory storage and

data are stored in program information storage device.

According to the information organization mode, information

storage devices can be divided into internal storage device.

According to the information organization mode, information

storage devices can be divided into internal memory, storage

devices, storage devices, random sequence. The information

input and output devices. The input device includes character

input device, position input device, image information input

device, voice information input device, a variety of sensors.

Output devices include visual output device. Information

processing equipment. The function of the most comprehensive

and powerful computer. Information transmission equipment,

network has become an important information transmission

equipment in people's social lives. The software is control and

indicating how the hardware information collection,

information processing, information storage, information

dissemination and information tasks for information technology

systems. Operating system, a software system used for resource

management of the computer system. Software tools, including

maintenance tools and common tools. Software development tools,

such as a variety of programming languages, media management

tools, information browsing tools. Application software refers

to various information system software designed to do different

jobs. Who is the most important factor in the information system,

the coordination of information systems is a very important

work, as an important part of information literacy, information

and knowledge is the indispensable content. As an information

literate person, should understand: basic knowledge of

information technology (all terms, all kinds of technology and

information technology, information technology development

history and trends); working principle of information system

(Digital principle, algorithm and program, data, information

dissemination principle); and each information structure

system components (hardware, software, system); and the impact

of information technology (advantages and limitations of the

use of information technology etc.); knowledge of law and

morality is related to information technology.

(two) the information consciousness and emotion

To have the information literacy, undoubtedly need to learn to

use information technology. But not necessarily familiar with

information technology. Moreover, with the development of high

technology, information technology is to become popular

partners for the development, operation is more simple,

reliable and timely information to provide all kinds of

convenience for the people. Therefore, modern people's

information literacy level, first depends on the information

consciousness and emotion. The information consciousness and

emotion mainly includes: to face the challenges of information

technology, information technology is not afraid of; with a

positive attitude of learning to operate a variety of

information tools; understand the source of information and

often use information tools; can quickly and acutely capture

all kinds of information, and willing to take the information

technology as the basic means of work; that the role and value

of information the limitations and negative effects of

information technology so as to correctly deal with various

information; identity and abide by the information exchanges

in a variety of moral norms and conventions.

(three) information skills

According to the information of education experts, teachers and

students in modern society should have six information skills:

determine the information task to judge exactly the problem,

and to determine the specific information associated with the

problem. The decision of information strategy in decision may

need to be included in the information which is useful

information resources. Information retrieval strategy began to

implement the query strategy. This part skills include: the use

of information access tools, organization of each part of the

arrangement of information materials and textbooks, and

decided to search for online resources strategy. Choose to use

information in the seized information, through interaction of

listening, looking and reading behavior and information, to

decide which information is helpful to solve the problem, and

can extract the required records. Copy and reference

information. Comprehensive information refers to the

information re combined and packaged into different forms to

meet the different task requirements. General can be very

simple, can also be very complex.

The evaluation information refers to answer questions to

determine the implementation of information problem solving

process effectiveness and efficiency. In the evaluation of

efficiency also need to consider the value of the time spent

in activities, and the estimated time required to complete the

task which is right.

The information literacy training of Editors

The information technology education includes two aspects, one

is the education of information technology, the two is the

integration of information technology course and other courses.

Today, to improve teenagers' information literacy has become

a core element of the infiltration of quality education. It is

necessary to put forward new requirements to the teachers,

which opened in the course of information technology at the same

time, to actively explore the ideas and methods of the

integration of information technology and other courses, the

application of modern information technology in the classroom,

the information technology curriculum into other courses to

cultivate students' information literacy through school

education channel. Therefore, teachers should do the following.

To the cultivation of information literacy into contact with

organic materials, cognitive tools, network and the

development of a variety of learning and teaching resources.

The information presented in the form of diversification to

form students' demand for information, search, evaluation,

training students' ability of effective use, and create a form

to convey information, and thus expand the students'

understanding of the essence of information. Adhere to the

development of the students. Don't pay too much attention to

knowledge learning, and should be concerned about how to guide

students to use information technology tools to solve problems,

especially by the learning and teaching of information

technology combine to allow students to acquire knowledge and

technology as information processing, to solve the problem and

service tools. At the same time, teachers should be concerned

about the emotional development of students, not because of the

intervention of information technology while ignoring the

direct dialogue and communication with the students. In

cultivating students' information literacy at the same time,

but also pay attention to the development of students'

information literacy and is closely related to the "media

literacy", "computer literacy" and "visual literacy" and

"artistic quality" and "digital literacy", in order to improve

students' comprehensive quality to adapt to the information

needs of the times. Information literacy education is to

cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability as

the core. Therefore, in the information technology course, must

be based on independent learning and collaborative learning

environment, students, active learning, curriculum designers

and teachers become mentors students, make students really

become the subject of study. Teachers can use the network and

multimedia technology, the construction of information rich

and reflective, conducive to learning environment and tools of

students' autonomous learning, cooperative learning and

inquiry learning, to develop students' autonomous learning

strategies, allow students to freely explore, greatly promote

the development of their critical and creative thinking. In our

country, according to the actual situation of the domestic

education, students' information literacy training mainly in

the following five aspects. (1) the love of life, will have

access to new information, can take the initiative from life

practice continue to find and explore new information. (2) with

the basic scientific and cultural knowledge, can more easily

carry out the discrimination and analysis of the information

obtained, correctly evaluate. (3) can flexibly control

information, a good grasp of the information, select the skills

to. (4) the use of information, to express personal thoughts

and ideas effectively, and willing to share different opinions

or information with others. (5) no matter what the situation,

they can confidently use all kinds of information to solve the

problem, there is a strong sense of innovation and enterprising

spirit.

The eight section mainly displays the ability to edit

Information literacy is the ability of mainly the following 8

aspects: (1) the use of information tools: can skillfully use

a variety of information tools, especially Internet

communication tools; (2): access to information can

effectively collect all kinds of learning materials and

information according to their own learning objectives, be

proficient in reading, discussion, visit, visit experiment and

retrieval method for retrieving information;

(3): information processing to the information collected by

induction and classification, memory, identification,

selection, comprehensive analysis, abstraction and expression;

(4) generating information: Based on information collected,

accurate, comprehensive, and fulfill the overview required to

express information, make it simple clear, easy and full of

personality characteristics; (5) the creation of information

based on the interaction of several collect information on the

burst of creative thinking sparks, producing new information,

so as to create new information, achieve ultimate goal of

collecting information; (6) play the benefit of information:

good use of acceptance to solve the problem of information, so

that information to maximize the social and economic benefits;

(7): the information and information collaboration tools as

information across time and space, "zero distance"

communication and cooperation Intermediary, make it become the

extension of efficient means of their own, establish harmonious

relationship with the outside world; (8) the immune information:

the vast information resources are uneven in quality needs to

have the correct outlook on life, values, and discrimination

ability and self-control, self-discipline and self adjustment

ability, can consciously resist the erosion and interference

and eliminate waste information and harmful information, and

improve the ethical quality accord with the information era