2024年6月12日发(作者：)

英语音标元音字母及其组合的发音规律

26个字母中有5个纯元音字母（A E I O U），20个纯辅音字母。

字母Y为半元音字母，当Y位于词首时为辅音字母，位于词中或词尾

时为元音字母，其读音与字母I相同。掌握五个元音字母的读音及其组

合规律是学好英语的关键。元音字母在单词中可以单独发音，也可以

跟其它字母构成字母组合一起发音，常见的组合有：

一、五个元音字母在重读开音节与重读闭音节的读音

1.元音字母Ａ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]

例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i'reisə] cake [keik]

same [seim]table ['teibl] late [leit]

favourite ['feivərit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato

[pə'teitəu] skate [skeit] make [meik]

lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station ['steiʃən] baker ['beik

ə] place [pleis] tomato[tə'meitəu]

safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keidʒ] baby ['beibi]

paper ['peipə] famous ['feiməs]

later ['leitə] radio ['reidiəu] patient ['peiʃənt]

2）在重读闭音节中读[æ]

例如：map [mæp] bag [bæg] apple ['æpl] fax [fæks] glad

[glæd] hat [hæt] black [blæk]

catch [kætʃ] hamburger ['hæmbə:gə] math [mæθ] rabbit

['ræbit] bank [bæŋk] accident ['æksidənt]

happen ['hæpən] marry ['mæri] exam [ig'zæm] cabbage

['kæbidʒ] passenger ['pæsindʒə] fact [fækt] parrot ['pærət]

２.元音字母Ｅ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[i:]

例如：these [ði:z] we [wi:] evening ['i:vniŋ] be [bi:] even ['i:və

n] Chinese['tʃai'ni:z]

Japanese[,dʒæpə'ni:z] she [ʃi:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre ['mi:tə]

Swedish ['swi:diʃ] scenery ['si:nəri] eve [i:v]

2).在重读闭音节中读字[e]

例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg]

welcome ['welkəm] let [let]

address [ə'dres] dress [dres] next ['nekst] leg [leg] empty

['empti] mend [mend]

chess [tʃes] rest [rest] letter ['letə] better['betə] left [left] tell

[tel] remember [ri'membə]

invent [in'vent] December [di'sembə] wet [wet] message

['mesidʒ]

３.元音字母Ｉ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ai]

例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus ['mainəs] Chinese['tʃai'ni:z]

fine [fain] licence ['laisəns]

wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main]

beside [bi'said] knife [naif]

rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday ['fraidi] write [rait] price

[prais] hike [haik]

exciting [ik'saitiŋ] lion ['laiən] tiger ['taigə] quite [kwait] diary

['daiəri] science ['saiəns]

invite [in'vait] wine [wain] quiet ['kwaiət] surprise [sə'praiz]

２）在读闭音节中读字母音[i]

例如：six [siks] think [θiŋk] picture ['piktʃə] twin [twin] with

[wið] drink [driŋk]

chips [tʃip] swim [swim] sing [siŋ] dinner ['dinə] dish [diʃ] trip

[trip] winter ['wintə] pick [pik] lift [lift] village ['vilidʒ]

４.元音字母Ｏ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[əu]

例如：no [nəu] hello [hə'ləu] home [həum] those [ðəuz] over

['əuvə] phone [fəun]

open ['əupən] so [səu] nose [nəuz] broken ['brəukən] robot

['rəubɔt] code [kəud]

close [kləuz] smoke [sməuk] October [ɔk'təubə] hope [həup]

ago [ə'gəu] Rome [rəum]

suppose [sə'pəuz] mobile ['məubil] notice ['nəutis]

２）在重读闭音节中读[ɔ]

例如：not [nɔt] clock [klɔk] forgot[fə'gɔt] doctor ['dɔktə] lock

[lɔk] doll [dɔl] from [frɔm]

sock [sɔk] shop [ʃɔp] hot [hɔt] fog [fɔg] hospital ['hɔspitl] job

[dʒɔb] hobby ['hɔbi]

problem ['prɔbləm] dollar['dɔlə] college ['kɔlidʒ] dolphin ['d

ɔlfin] soccer ['sɔkə]

rock [rɔk] concert ['kɔnsət] song [sɔŋ] crop [krɔp] opposite ['

ɔpəzit]

５.元音字母Ｕ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[j u:]

例如：computer[kəm'pju:tə] excuse [iks'kju:z] student ['stju:d

ənt] use [ju:z]

music ['mju:zik] usually ['ju:ʒuəli] refuse [ri'fju:z] human

['hju:mən]

produce [prə'dju:s] scuba ['skju:bə] contribution [,kɔntri'bju:ʃ

ən] pupil ['pju:pl] universe ['ju:nivə:s] huge [hju:dʒ] duty ['dju:ti]

２）在重读闭音节中读[ʌ]

例如：number ['nʌmbə] plus [plʌs] cup [kʌp] bus [bʌs] much

[mʌtʃ] us [ʌs]

husband ['hʌzbənd] uncle ['ʌŋkl] must [mʌst] lunch [lʌntʃ]

hundred ['hʌndrəd]

hungry ['hʌŋgri] jump [dʒʌmp] run [rʌn] fun [fʌn] discuss

[di'skʌs] pumpkin ['pʌmpkin]

summer ['sʌmə] duck [dʌk] subject ['sʌbdʒikt] suddenly ['sʌ

dnli]

二、五个元音字母分别与字母Ｒ组合（ar、er、ir、or、ur）

在重读音节的读音

１）.ＡＲ读[a:]

例如：sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m]

card [kɑ:d]

park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer ['fɑ:mə] party ['pɑ:ti] artist ['

ɑ:tist] garden ['gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:]

2）.ER读[ε:]

例如：term [tə:m] certainly ['sə:tənli] person ['pə:sn]

university [,ju:ni'və:siti]

Germany ['dʒə:məni] serve [sə:v] prefer [pri'fə:] deserve [di'z

ə:v] nervous ['nə:vəs] expert [ek'spə:t]

3）.IR读[ε:]

例如：skirt [skə:t] thirty ['θə:ti] thirsty ['θə:sti] first [fə:st]

birthday ['bə:θdei] circle ['sə:kl] dirty ['də:ti]

４）.ＯＲ读[ɔ:]

例如：for [fɔ:] short [ʃɔ:t] sport [spɔ:t] born [bɔ:n] report [ri'p

ɔ:t] north [nɔ:θ]

fork [fɔ:k] nor [nɔ:] order ['ɔ:də] corner ['kɔ:nə] storm [stɔ:m]

afford [ə'fɔ:d] performance [pə'fɔ:məns] pork [pɔ:k]

５）.ＵＲ读[ε:]

例如：purse [pə:s] purple ['pə:pl] Thursday ['θə:zdi] turkey ['t

ə:ki] turn [tə:n]

church [tʃə:tʃ] disturb [dis'tə:b] hurt [hə:t] return [ri'tə:n]

surfing ['sə:fiŋ] Turkey ['tə:ki]

三、ar、er、ir、or、ur分别与字母Ｅ组合的读音

1）字母ARE组合读[ɛə]

例如：careful ['kɛəfəl] software ['sɔftwɛə]

2）字母ERE组合读 [ɛə]/[ iə]

例如：here [hiə] where [hwɛə] there [ðɛə]

3）字母IRE组合读[aiə]

例如：tire ['taiə] fireplace ['faiəpleis] hire[haiə]

4）字母ORE组合读[ɔ:]

例如：before [bi'fɔ:] more [mɔ:] score [skɔ:] explore [iks'plɔ:]

store [stɔ:]

5）字母URE组合读[ʊə]/[ ə]

例如：sure [ʃʊə(r)] future [ˈfju:tʃə(r)]nature ˈ[]neɪtʃə(r)]

picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)]