2024年4月28日发(作者：)

优点英语

2022年高考英语必备语法知识释疑与突破(通用版)15

被动语态

【重难点释疑】

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语

态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动词的执行者。在初中阶段我们所学的句子绝大部分都是主动语态。今

天我们主要复习被动语态，被动语态表示主语不是动作的执行者，而是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。

一、被动语态的构成

1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词

2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)

例句

时态 主动语态 被动语态

主动语态

am/ is/ are＋

一般现在时 do/ does

done

一般过去时 did was/ were＋done

kite.

am/ is/are＋

现在进行时

doing being done flowers.

her.

The work has

have/ has＋been

现在完成时 have/has＋done

done

will/ shall/ be

will/ shall/ be

一般将来时

going to ＋do

done

She was writing

was/ were＋

过去进行时

doing being＋done

yesterday. her this time

was/ were＋

a letter this time being written by

going to＋be

trees tomorrow.

tomorrow.

A letter was

They will plant

planted by them

the work.

Jim.

Trees will be

Jim has finished

been finished by

am/ is/ are＋She is watering

being watered by

made by him.

Flowers are

classroom.

He made the

cleaned by us.

The kite was

We clean the

被动语态

The classroom is

优点英语

yesterday.

The work had

Jim had finished

过去完成时 had＋done had＋done

the work.

Jim.

He said a kite

would/ should/

过去将来时

be going to＋do

含有情态动

词

二、被动语态的用法

被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况

1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。

watch is made in China.

这块手表是在中国制造的。

2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

trees must be planted every year.

每年必须有更多的树被种植。

3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。

e is spoken by more and more people in the world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。

4．动作的发出者不是人时。

houses were washed away in the flood.

很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。

三、主动语态和被动语态的转换

1．主动语态变被动语态：

（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格

变主格。

（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。

（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。

can/ may/ must

＋do

going to＋do

can/may/must＋

I can find him.

be＋done by me.

made a kite.

by him.

He can be found

would/should/ be He said he would

would be made

been finished by