2024年4月27日发(作者：)

长句的翻译

1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where

there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses

will experience greater intellectual development.

译：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适

当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to

sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go

out in search of amusement elsewhere.

译：譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的

娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。

3. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine

publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more

efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

译：不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处

理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。

4. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the

same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their

education must be adapted to those differences.

译：残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人

后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

5. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over

the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,

whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their

capabilities.

译：在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中

的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能

力的机会。

6. Advertisement serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at

reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it

possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

译：广告能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建

立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

7. The American economic system is, organized around a basically

private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely

determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for

those goods and services that they want most.

译：美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费

者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出

来。

8. They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and

Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was

possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russia's icy defender

proved them wrong.

译：人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无

不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。

9. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many

instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build

up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases

centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened

in cosmology.

译：至于第三个因素，科学史中有许多事例表明，权威的力量起到这样一种作用：它

给进一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下，要花上几个世纪的时间才能

最终打破这道障碍。例如，在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。

10. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed

industrialism in which maximal production consumption are ends in themselves

into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his

potentialities - those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social

arrangements.

译：我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主

义管理下的产业体制转变为一个充分发挥人的潜能——即爱和理智的潜能——为其全部

社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体制。

11. President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on

whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view,

regardless of their rank or viewpoint.

译：肯尼迪总统需要提问题的人、能提批评意见的人、做出可靠判断的人以及能提出

明智看法的人，而不问他们的级别和观点。

12. In the soap war between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous

use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting

from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part

of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs

as production plus advertising costs.

译：在P&G和 Unilever两家企业之间的“肥皂大战”中，双方就大量使用了统计学

知识来测量由相应的广告投入所引起的市场上的动态差异，这一项在前的生产成本中占较

大部分，所以他们把生产成本看作是生产费用与广告费用之和。

13. Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on

them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in

European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a

nationwide basis.

译：智能卡载有的信息量是普通磁卡信息载量的80多倍，已经在欧洲各国广泛使用，

因而使欧洲各国中央银行得以在全国范围展开新型的服务。

14. How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends

upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on

the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

译：预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和

适宜性，还取决于用来解释预测的技巧和智慧。

15. We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical

change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.

译：我们可以说，化学是论述物质化学变化的科学，通过化学变化可能获得新的物质。

16. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by

introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of

flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production

tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs.

日本的汽车制造商们选择去进行小规模生产，其之所以成为可能是因为通过引入几种

与美国的惯例不同的方案，包括使用能够被很容易地改变来完成几种不同的制造任务的通

用设备和训练能够做多种工作的工人。

17. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people

everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and

ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for

the reasons given above.

译：由于大众通信的显著发展，各地的人们正感受到新的需要并且正接受到新的习俗

和观点，然而由于上述原因政府不得不采取更为进一步的革新措施。

18. After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws

governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the

heavens as well as on earth.

译：在伽利略著作之后，这样的认识加强了，即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律，

这些规律不仅支配着地球上的也支配着天体上的物体的运动。

19. Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is

reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of

nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.

译：这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并非和

平利用核能正危害着人类的生存。

20. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,

for, as the rhyme goes, Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse

instead of better.

译：姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改

首字母，婚后必将受其苦。

21. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to

the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to

be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of

more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.

译：假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和

一致性。那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，

这也是无可指责的。

22. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular

situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning

comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

译：因此，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是在某一特定情况下两者并用，

须凭从有关相对效度的经验中得出的证据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无采用的可能性等

因素。

23. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing, as even if the

computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write

and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.

译：译稿需要一定量的编辑工作，因为，即使计算机能够区别同音异义词，如 write

和right，它仍不可能把这项工作做得像有思维能力的秘书那样好。

24. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose

distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be

expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space？

译：如果把一根针随机地投到一张纸上，纸上画了许多平行线，它们之间的间隔等于

针的长度，那么针落在线上的几率是多少？落在空白处的几率又是多少？

25. All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind, is in

some shape or other to tell the story of his love - to sing, and if he is fortunate and

keeps alive, he will be forever in love.

译：一个人应该说的或做的，只要关系到人类，那么都是以这样或那样的形式来讲述

乃至讴歌自己的爱的故事；而且，如果他是幸运的、有活力的，他将永远是充满爱的。

26. Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions

can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.

译：事实上，除了像地球这样围绕太阳旋转的行星以外，我们不知道是否在其他类型

的天体上也有适合生命存在的条件。

27. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions

based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.

译：欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一

些却远非如此。

28. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a

main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.

译：伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性，人们强烈地希望在城市里发展，这是19世纪

欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。

29. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at

summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

译：参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷，以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不

强迫他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。

30. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the

interest of business to universalize access - after all, the more people online, the

more potential customers there are.

译：随着国际互联网越来越商业化，普及上网会对商家有利，因为上网的人越多，潜

在的顾客数量就越多。

31. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are

historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the

attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

译: 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践趋向一致，认为

历史是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

32. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular

situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning

comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

译：因此，究竟是使用测试，其它种类的信息，还是在特定的情况下两者都使用，取

决于关于相对效度的来自经验的证据，同时还取决于成本和可获得性这样的因素。

33. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many

instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build

up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases

centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened

in cosmology, for example.

译: 至于第三个因素,科学史中有许多事例表明,权威的力量起到这样一种作用：它给进

一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下,要花上几个世纪的时间才能最终打

破这道障碍。例如,在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。