2024年4月11日发(作者：)

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

一. 规则变化:

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结

尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如

stop—stopped, permit—permitted

注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,

双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked

（交易,在…通行） 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要

熟记.(见后)

C. 读音与说明:

①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped

②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为

[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed

③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted

二. 不规则动词表:

（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）

动词原形

cost

[kɔst]

cut

[kʌt]

hurt

[hə:t]

hit

[hit]

let

[let]

put

[put]

read

[ri:d]

set

[set]

spread

[spred]

spit

[spit]

shut

[ʃʌt]

过去式

cost

[kɔst]

cut

[kʌt]

hurt

[hə:t]

hit

[hit]

let

[let]

put

[put]

read

[ri:d]

set

[set]

spread

[spred]

spit/spat

[spit]

shut

[ʃʌt]

过去分词

cost

[kɔst]

cut

[kʌt]

hurt

[hə:t]

hit

[hit]

let

[let]

put

[put]

read

[ri:d]

set

[set]

spread

[spred]

spit/spat

[spit]

shut

[ʃʌt]

花费

割，切

受伤

打，撞

让

放下

读

安排，安置

展开，传播，涂

吐痰,

关上, 闭起,停止营业

（动词原形与过去式同形）

动词原形 过去式 过去分词

beat

[bi:t]

beat

[bi:t]

beaten

['bi:tn]

打败

（动词原形与过去分词同形）

动词原形

become

[bi'kʌm]

come

[kʌm]

run

[rʌn]

过去式

became

[bi'keim]

came

[keim]

ran

[ræn]

过去分词

become

[bi'kʌm]

come

[kʌm]

run

[rʌn]

变

来

跑

（过去式与过去分词同形）

（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。

动词原形

burn

[bə:n]

deal

[di:l]

过去式

burnt

[bə:nt]

dealt

[delt]

过去分词

burnt

[bə:nt]

dealt

[delt]

燃烧

解决

dream

[dri:m]

hear

[hiə]

hang

['hæŋ]

learn

[lə:n]

light

['lait]

mean

[mi:n]

prove[pru:v]

shine

[ʃain]

show

[ʃəu]

smell

[smel]

speed

[spi:d]

spell

[spel]

wake

[weik]

动词原形

build

[bild]

lend

[lend]

rebuild

[,ri:'bild]

send

[send]

spend

[spend]

动词原形

bring

[briŋ]

buy

[bai]

fight

[fait]

think

[θiŋk]

动词原形

catch

[kætʃ]

teach

[ti:tʃ]

动词原形

dig

[diɡ]

feed

[fi:d]

find

[faind]

get

[ɡet]

hold

[həuld]

lead

[li:d]

meet

[mi:t]

sit

[sit]

shoot

[ʃu:t]

spit

[spit]

stick

[stik]

dreamed/dreamt

heard

[hə:d]

hanged/ hung

[hʌŋ]

learned/learnt

[lə:nt]

lit/lighted

[

lit

]

meant

[ment]

proved

shone/shined

showed

dreamed/dreamt

[dremt]

heard

[hə:d]

hanged/ hung

learned/learnt

[lə:nt]

lit/lighted

[

lit

]

meant

[ment]

proven/proved

['pru:vən]

shone/shined

[ʃəun, ʃɔn]

showed/shown

['ʃəun]

做梦

听见

绞死，悬挂

学习

点燃, 照亮

意思

证明, 证实,试验

使照耀，使发光

展示, 给...看

闻, 嗅

加速

拼写

醒来，叫醒, 激发

建筑

借给

改建, 重建

送

花费

带来

买

打架

思考,想

捉,抓

教

掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)

喂

发现，找到

得到

拥有，握住，支持

引导, 带领, 领导

遇见

坐

射击

吐痰,

插进, 刺入, 粘住,

smelled/smelt

[smelt]

smelled/smelt

[smelt]

sped[sped]/speeded sped/speeded

[sped]

spelled/spelt

[spelt]

waked/woke

[wəuk]

过去式

built

[bilt]

lent

[lent]

rebuilt

[,ri:'bilt]

sent

[sent]

spent

[spent]

过去式

brought

[brɔ:t]

bought

[bɔ:t]

fought

[fɔ:t]

thought

[θɔ:t]

过去式

caught

[kɔ:t]

taught

[tɔ:t]

过去式

dug

[dʌɡ]

fed

[fed]

found

got

[ɡɔt]

held

[held]

led

[led]

met

[met]

sat

[sæt]

shot

[ʃɔt]

spit/spat

[spæt]

stuck

[stʌk]

spelled/spelt

[spelt]

waked/woken

['wəukən]

过去分词

built

[bilt]

lent

[lent]

rebuilt

[,ri:'bilt]

sent

[sent]

spent

[spent]

过去分词

brought

[brɔ:t]

bought

[bɔ:t]

fought

[fɔ:t]

thought

[θɔ:t]

过去分词

caught

[kɔ:t]

taught

[tɔ:t]

过去分词

dug

[dʌɡ]

fed

[fed]

found

got/gotten

['ɡɔtən]

held

[held]

led

[led]

met

[met]

sat

[sæt]

shot

[ʃɔt]

spit/spat

[spæt]

stuck

[stʌk]

（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。

（3）原形→ought →ought

(4) 原形→aught →aught

（5）变其中一个元音字母

win

[win]

动词原形

feel

['fi:l]

keep

[ki:p]

leave

[li:v]

sleep

[sli:p]

sweep

[swi:p]

(7)其它

动词原形

lay

[lei]

pay

[pei]

say

[sei]

stand

[stænd]

understand

lose

[lu:z]

have

[həv]

make

[meik]

sell

[sel]

tell

[tel]

retell

[,ri:'tel]

won

[wʌn]

过去式

felt

[

felt

]

kept

[kept]

left

[left]

slept

[slept]

swept

[swept]

过去式

laid

[leid]

paid

[peid]

said

[sed]

stood

[stud]

understood

[,

ndə'stænd]

lost

[lɔst, lɔ:st]

had

[hæd, həd, əd]

made

[meid]

sold

[səuld]

told

[təuld]

retold

[,ri:'təuld]

ʌ

won

[wʌn]

过去分词

felt

[

felt

]

kept

[kept]

left

[left]

slept

[slept]

swept

[swept]

过去分词

laid

[leid]

paid

[peid]

said

[sed]

stood

[stud]

understood

[,

ndə'stænd]

lost

[lɔst, lɔ:st]

had

[hæd, həd, əd]

made

[meid]

sold

[səuld]

told

[təuld]

retold

[,ri:'təuld]

ʌ

赢

感到

保持

离开

睡觉

扫

下蛋, 放置

付

说

站

明白

失去

有

制造

卖

告诉

重讲，重复，复述

（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft

（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）

（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n

动词原形

blow

[bləu]

drive

[ draiv ]

draw

[drɔ:]

eat

[i:t]

fall

[fɔ:l]

give

[ɡiv]

grow

[ɡrəu]

forgive

[fə'ɡiv]

know

[nəu]

mistake

[mi'steik]

overeat['əuvə'i:t]

prove[pru:v]

take

[teik]

throw

[θrəu]

ride

[raid]

see

[si:]

show

[ʃəu]

过去式

blew

[blu:]

drove

[drəuv]

drew

[dru:]

ate

[et,eit]

fell[

fel

]

gave

[ɡeiv]

grew

[ɡru:]

forgot

[fə'ɡɔt]

knew

[nju:, nu:]

mistook

[mi'stuk]

overate

[,əuvə'reit]

proved

took

[tuk]

threw

[θru:]

rode

[rəud]

saw

[sɔ:]

showed

过去分词

blown

driven

[drivən]

drawn

[drɔ:n]

eaten

['i:tən]

fallen

['fɔ:lən]

given

['ɡivən]

grown

[ɡrəun]

forgiven

known

mistooken

overeaten

proven/proved

taken

['teikn, 'teikən]

ridden

['ridən]

seen

[si:n]

showed/shown

['ʃə

un]

吹

驾驶

画画

吃

落下

给

生长

原谅, 饶恕

知道

弄错; 误解,

(使)吃过量

证明,证实, 试验

拿

骑

看见

展示

thrown

[θrəun, 'θrəun]

抛，扔

write

[rait]

动词原形

break

[breik]

choose

[tʃu:z]

get

[ɡet]

hide

[haid]

forget

[fə'ɡet]

freeze

[fri:z]

speak

[spi:k]

steal

[sti:l]

动词原形

begin

[bi'ɡin]

drink

[driŋk]

sing

[siŋ]

sink

[siŋk]

swim

[swim]

ring

[riŋ]

（4）其它

动词原形

be(am, is, are)

bear

[bεə]

do

[du:, du:]

fly

[flai]

go

[ɡəu]

lie

[lai]

wear

[wεə]

wrote

[rəut]

过去式

broke

[brəuk]

chose

[tʃəuz]

got

[ɡɔt]

hid

[hid]

forgot

[fə'ɡɔt]

froze

[frəuz]

spoke

[spəuk]

stole

过去式

began

[bi'ɡæn]

drank

[dræŋk]

sang

[sæŋ]

sank

[sæŋk]

swam

[swæm]

rang

[ræŋ]

过去式

was/ were

bore

[bɔ:]

did

[did]

flew

[flu:]

went

[went]

lay

[lei]

wore

[wɔ:]

written

['ritən]

过去分词

broken

['brəukən]

chosen

['tʃəuzən]

got/gotten

['ɡɔtən]

hidden

['hidən]

forgotten

[fə'ɡɔtn]

frozen

['frəuzn]

spoken

['spəukən]

stolen

['stəulən]

过去分词

begun

[bi'ɡʌn]

drunk

[drʌŋk]

sung

[sʌŋ]

sunk

[sʌŋk]

swum

[swʌm]

rung

[rʌŋ]

过去分词

been

born/borne

[bɔ:n]

done

[dʌn]

flown

[fləun]

gone

[ɡɔn]

lain

[lein]

worn

[wɔ:n]

写

打破

选择

得到

隐藏

忘记

冷冻,结冰，感到严寒

说

偷

开始

喝

唱

下沉, 沉没

游泳

打电话

是

负担, 忍受

做

飞

去

躺

穿

（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n

(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。[i→a →u]