2024年4月7日发(作者：)

定语从句

定语从句在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词

或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句并作定语从句中的一个成分的词叫

做“关系词”。常见的关系词有关系代词（who，whom，whose，that，

which等）和关系副词（when，where，why等）。关系词有两个作用：

1、放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，引导定语从句；2、代替先

行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，并与先行词保持数的

一致。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1、关系代词及其作用一览表

先行从句例句备注

关系词

词成分

who

whom

表人

的词

表人

的词

主语

宾语

Do you know the man who is

talking with your mother?

Mr. Li is the person with whom I

am working.

Thy boy (whom) she loved died in

the war.

I like those books whose topics are

about history.

The boy whose father works

abroad is my deskmate.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the star (that) I want to see

very much.

The book (which) I gave you was.

The picture which was about the

accident was terrible.

He is such a person as is respected

by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost

yesterday.

表人

关

whose或物

的词

系

代

表人

词

that或物

的词

表物

which

的词

as

表人

或物

的词

定语

主或

宾语

主或

宾语

主或

宾语

whom,that,which

在从句中作宾

语时，常可省

略；但介词提

前是，后面关

系代词不能省

略，也不可用

that。

作宾语一般不

省略。

2、关系代词特殊用法一览表

情况用法说明例句

只用

that的

情

况

1、先行词为all，everything，1. He told me everything that he knows.

anything，nothing，little，2. All the books that you offered have

much等不定代词时；been given out.

2、先行词被all，any，every，3. This is the best film that I have ever

each，much，little，no，seen.

some，few等修饰时；4. We talked about the person and things

3、先行词有形容词最高级或序that we remembered.

数词修饰时5. He is the only man that I want to see.

4、先行词既指人又指物时；6. Who is the man that is making a

5、先行词被the only，the very修speech?

饰时；7. Which is the book that you like best?

6、先行词位于以who或which引

导的特殊疑问句式的主句中

时；

7、关系代词在定语从句中作表

语时。

1、在非限制性定语从句中，只1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for

能用which指物；用further study.

who/whom指人；2. I like the person to whom the teacher is

2、在由“介词 + 关系代词”引导talking.

的定语从句中，用which指3. Those who respect others are usually

物，whom指人；respected by others.

3、先行词本身是that时，关系词

用which，先行词为those，

one，he时用who。

只用

which

who

whom

的情

况

温馨提示：“whose + 名词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作

宾语，whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或

抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是“the+名词 + of

which”。如Please pass me the book whose cover (the cover of which) is

green.

3. 关系副词的用法

由when引导：when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它所修饰的先行词有

time，day，morning，night，week，year等。

如From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be

when he grew up.