2024年4月1日发(作者：)

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一、选择题（答案在下面）

I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.

1. The two main islands of the British Isles are .

A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland

C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England

2. is the capital city of Scotland.

3. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff

4. According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over

million.

A. 160 B. 600 C. 60 D. 16

5. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.

A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland

6. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.

A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern

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7. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of

languages.

A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman

8. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of

words to English.

A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German

C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek

9. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.

A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish

10. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard

form of .

A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation

11. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in

English.

A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth

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12. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in

410.

A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic

13. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in

England.

A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity

C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity

14. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .

A. St. Augustine B. Edward the Confessor

C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great

15. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.

A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta

C. Norman Conquest D. Adoption of common law

16. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .

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A. the House of Valois B. the House of York

C. the House of Tudor D. the House of Lancaster

17. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s

effort to .

A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome

C. support the Protestants

over the church

D. declare his supreme power

18. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .

A. Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians

C. nobles and peasants D. aristocrats and Christians

19. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.

A. Bill of Rights B. Act of Supremacy

C. Provisions of Oxford D. Magna Carta

20. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of

the century.

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A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th

21. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the

beginning of the century.

A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th

22. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between

three of the following branches with the exception of the .

A. judiciary B. legislature C. monarchy D. executive

23. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect

on .

A. passing the bills B. advising the government

C. political parties D. public attitude

24. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the

House of Commons.

A. rival B. complement C. criticize D. inspect

25. British Cabinet works on the principle of .

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A. collective responsibility B. individual responsibility

C. defending the collectivism D. defending the individuals

26. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .

A. make decisions

Cabinet

B. give advice C. pass bills D. supervise the

27. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.

A. three B. four C. five D. six

28. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.

A. Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland

29. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.

A. single-party B. two-party C. three-party D. multi-party

30. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism

and .

A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises

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C. social reform D. a belief in individualism

31. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .

A. set up the National Health Service

transportation

B. improved public

C. abolished the old tax system

development

D. enhanced the economic

32. The British economy achieved global dominance by the .

A. 1860s B. 1870s C. 1880s D.1890s

33. In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish

a welfare state.

A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1948

34. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy

in Britain.

A. oil crisis B. high inflation rates

C. large imports D. unemployment problem

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35. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s

social welfare reform.

A. reducing child benefits

benefits period

B. shortening the unemployment

C. reducing the unemployment D. lowering old age pensions

36. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects

except .

A. limiting government spending

control

B. keeping inflation under

C. reducing unemployment D. reducing inequality

37. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.

A. 54% B. 64% C. 74% D.84%

38. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following

except .

A. the North Sea B. the English Channel

C. The sea area around Ireland

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D. The sea area between Britain

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and Ireland

39. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy

consumed in the country.

A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/5 D. 2/3

40. The car industry in Britain in mostly .

A. foreign-owned

privately-owned

B. state-owned C. joint-venture D.

41. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular

growth since the end of Word War II.

A. agriculture B. energy industry C. service industry D.

manufacturing industry

42. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools

were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .

A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s

43. About of British children receive primary and secondary

education through the independent system.

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A. 5% B. 6% C. 7% D. 8%

44. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities

receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .

A. tuition fees

contributions

B. loans C. donations D. corporate

45. Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s

universities.

A. result in national entrance test B. A-level result

C. an interview D. school references

46. To be admitted to the Open University, one need .

A. some educational qualifications B. no educational qualifications

C. General Certificate of Education-Advanced

Vocational Qualifications

D. General National

47. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded

as the “Big Three” with the exception of .

A.

The Times

B.

The Guardian

C.

The Observer

D.

The Daily

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Telegraph

48.

Life on Earth

is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is

popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.

A. feature B. drama C. documentary D. soap opera

49. is Britain’s top pay television provider.

A. BSB B. SkyTV C. BBC D. BSkyB

50. Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British

holidays.

A. families getting together B. friends exchanging good wishes

C. friends enjoying each other’s company D. families traveling overseas

51. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .

A. Trooping the Color B. Queen’s Christmas message

C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime

52. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .

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A. poetry B. drama C. novel D. pamphlet

53. is

Independence.”

viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of

A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B.

Don Juan

C.

“Preface to Lyrical Ballads” D.

Prometheus Unbound

54. Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.

A.

A Tale of Two Cities

B.

David Copperfield

C.

Oliver Twist

D.

Great Expectations

55. is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the

19th century.

A. Robert Louis Stevenson B. John Milton

C. Joseph Conrad D. Thomas Hardy

56. Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of

Neo-Romanticism.

A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.

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B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.

C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.

D.

Treasure Island

was a representative work.

57. is NOT included in the modernist group.

A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf

C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. Eliot

58. Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.

A.

Jude the Obscure

B.

Tess of the D’Urbervilles

C.

Adam Bede

D.

The Return of the Native

59. Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia

Woolf.

A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.

B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.

C. She was an influential feminist.

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D. Her masterpiece was

The Rainbow.

60. Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.

A. Samuel Beckett

Naipaul

B. James Joyce C. William Golding D. V. S.

61.

Waiting for Godot

is written by .

A. Samuel Beckett

Lawrence

B. George Orwell C. William Golding D. D. H.

62. The United States has states on the continent.

A. 50 B. 49 C. 48 D. 35

63. The state of is the largest in area of all the states.

A. Alaska B. Hawaii C. Texas D. Florida

64. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north,

Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .

A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west

C. southern, west, east

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D. western, east, west

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65. The largest river in the U. S. is .

A. the Missouri River B. the Mississippi River

C. the Ohio River D. the Colorado River

66. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are

located .

A. in the South B. along the Pacific Coast

C. in New England D. in the Midwest

67. is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and

Lake Ontario.

A. Yellowstone National Park B. The Grand Canyon

C. Niagara Falls D. The Great Salt Lake

68. The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .

A. Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. Blacks

69. The largest minority in the United States is the .

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A. Pacific Islanders B. Blacks C. Native Americans D. Asians

70. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the

United States, particularly from .

A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South

America

71. The characteristic of dominant American culture is .

A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class

B. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class

C. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-class

D. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class

72. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at

in .

A. Jamestown, Louisiana B. Boston, Massachusetts

C. Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, Georgia

73. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid

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persecution in England.

A. Protestants B. Puritans C. Catholics D. Christians

74. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .

A. French and American Indians B. French and Spaniards

C. French and British D. British and American Indians

75. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan

of .

A. the settlers of Virginia B. the people of Pennsylvania

C. the colonists in New England D. the people of the 13 colonies

76. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired

in .

A. Concord B. Lexington C. Philadelphia D. Boston

77. In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the

functions of a national government.

A. the First Continental Congress

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B. the Second Continental

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Congress

C. the Boston Tea Party D. the Congress of Confederation

78. Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.

A. Declaration of Independence B. Constitution

C. Emancipation Proclamation D. Bill of Rights

79. The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two

world wars.

A. neutrality

appeasement

B. full involvement C. partial involvement D.

80. President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the

Great Depression.

A. Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. Kennedy

81. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it

continued throughout the terms of Presidents .

A. Johnson, Nixon and Ford B. Truman, Eisenhower and

Kennedy

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C. Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and

Johnson

82. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .

A. 1787 B. 1789 C. 1791 D. 1793

83. The Constitution of the United States .

A. gives the most power to Congress

B. gives the most power to the President

C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others

D. gives the most power to the Supreme Court

84. The Bill of Rights .

A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President

B. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and

freedoms

C. is part of the Declaration of Independence

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D. has no relationship with the Constitution

85. The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

A. freedom of religion

B. the right to get into people’s house by police

C. freedom of speech and of press

D. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes

86. All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.

A. the Senator B. the Representative

C. the Secretary of State D. the President

87. The following except are all powers of the President.

A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress

B. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur

C. making laws

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D. issuing executive orders

88. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must

be .

A. at least 35 years old

B. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United States

C. born in America

D. all of the above

89. The terms for a Senator and Representative are and

years respectively.

A. two, four B. two, three C. two, six D. six, two

90. The Supreme Court is composed of justices.

A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine

91. The President is directly voted into office by .

A. all citizens of America B. the citizens over 18 years old

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C. electors elected by the voters

representatives

D. the senators and

92. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the

following fields except .

A. machinery B. automobiles C. ore D. chemicals

93. The modern American economy progressed from to ,

and eventually, to .

A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy

B. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy

C. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy

D. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy

94. Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King

or Queen.

A. political authority B. economic rights

C. judicial authority D. diplomatic authority

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95. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the

urge of .

A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson

C. Andrew Jackson D. Alexander Hamilton

96. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial

revolution” except .

A. typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator

97. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing

various programs like the following except .

A. Medicare B. Food Stamps

C. Education Initiatives D. Unemployment Pension

98. About of American crops are for export.

A. half B. one third C. one fourth D. one fifth

99. The following statements are all true except .

A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.

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B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural

imports and exports.

C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.

D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.

100. is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.

A. Ford

Motors

B. General Motors C. Chrysler D. American

101. At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.

A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25%

102. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary

and higher education.

A. kindergarten B. public C. elementary D. private

103. Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school

students.

A. mathematics and languages

education

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B. politics and business

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C. science and social studies D. music and physical education

104. Higher education in the United States began with the founding

of .

A. Yale University B. Harvard University

C. Princeton University D. New York University

105. Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American

higher education.

A. universities and colleges B. research institutions

C. technical institutions D. community colleges

106. Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of

trustees in U. S. institutions.

A. choosing the president

B. establishing policies for administrators and faculty

C. approving budget and other financial project

D. decide which student to enroll

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107. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to

do the following except .

A. attending lectures and completing assignments

B. passing examinations

C. working for communities

D. earning a certain number of credits

108. Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American

President yet.

A. Harvard University

Technology

B. Massachusetts Institute of

C. Princeton University D. Yale University

109. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a

reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.

A.

The Washington Post

B.

The New York Times

C.

Los Angeles Times

D.

New York Daily News

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110. Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV

networks in America.

A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)

Service (PBS)

B. the Public Broadcasting

C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)

System (ABS)

D. the American Broadcasting

111. The National Day of the United States falls on .

A. June 4th B. July 4th C. June 14th D. July 14th

112. Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and

Revolutionary Periods.

A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen Poe

Edwards

B. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan

C. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards

Washington Irving

D. Edgar Ellen Poe &

113. is regarded as “the father of American literature”.

A. James Fennimore Cooper B. Ralph Waldo Emerson

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C. Thomas Jefferson D. Washington Irving

114. Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.

A.

The Scarlet Letter

B.

The House of the Seven Gables

C.

The Marble Faun

D.

Nature

115. Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.

A.

The Last of the Mohicans

B.

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

C.

Moby Dick

D.

Daisy Miller

116. Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.

A. colloquial speech B. a sense of humor

C. a realistic view D. an idealistic view

117. Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of

naturalists.

A. Stephen Crane

Melville

B. Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreiser D. Herman

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118. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is

about .

A.

The Great Gatsby,

the American Dream

B.

Tender is the Night,

love

C.

Tales of the Jazz Age,

the loss of oneself

D.

The Beautiful and the Damned,

the evil of human nature

119. Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.

A.

The Sun Also Rises

B.

The Sound and the Fury

C.

A Farewell to Arms

D.

For Whom the Bell Tolls

120. Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.

A. Alice Walker

O’Neil

B. Ernest Hemingway C. William Faulkner D. Eugene

121. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for

Literature.

A. Ralph Ellison B. Tony Morrison C. Richard Wright D. James

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Baldwin

选择题参考答案：

第一章 A B C D B C D A C B

第二章 D D B C C A B A C D

三 C D B A B C C B D A

四 C B A C D C D B A C

五 D B B A B C C D D A

六 B C B D C A C D B A

八 C A B B C C D B A D

九 C B C D B B C A C D

十 B C B B C C D D D C

十一 C C D D D D B B D A

十二 C B B B D C B B B B

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十三 C D D C D D A B A B

二、判断题及答案

Chapter 1

island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England,

Scotland and Wales. (T)

in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to

their country.(F)

more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh

language.(F)

terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part

of the United Kingdom.(F)

longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)

e of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant

among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)

the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern

Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)

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majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the

Anglo--Saxons.(T)

Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)

h changed into what is described as Modern English from the late

16

th

century.(F)

Chapter 2

British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)

Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8

th

and 5

th

centuries BC.(T)

name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)

Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)

chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own

will.(F)

Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8

th

century.(T)

II built up a large empire which included England and most of

France.(T)

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Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged

class and the townspeople.(F)

Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and

Normans foe trade and territory.(F)

an effort to make a compromise between different religious

factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious

Reformation.(T)

Chapter 3

tions are regarded less important than common law in the working

of the British government.(F)

British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)

reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)

h Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of

Nations.(F)

Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper

House.(T)

members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than

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elected.(F)

British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)

t members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political

parties in Parliament.(F)

h law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)

legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are

much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)

Chapter 4

n was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)

British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar

period.(T)

d resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems

that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)

er's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the

British econimic and social problems.(F)

economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the

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Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)

made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics

and economic policy.(T)

n is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)

fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)

n is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)

r power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)

Chapter 5

British government has been responsible for education since the early

1800s.(F)

ion in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and

15.(F)

National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the

independent system.(F)

children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a

national GCSE examination.(T)

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tes from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter

famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)

the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)

British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper

and end it watching television in the evening.(T)

8.

The Times

is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)

BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)

British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the

Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)

Chapter 6

Canterbury Tales

is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)

sance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)

3.

Hamlet

depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity

and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)

der Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's

Iliad

.(T)

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an Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English

language, and

Robinson Crusoe

is his masterpiece.(F)

m Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic

Movement to its height.(F)

Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems,

such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)

Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness

school.(F)

Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed

before World War II.(T)

l detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the

oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)

Chapter 7

Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)

earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)

the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of

Britain.(F)

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the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the

Commonwealth of Nations.(T)

support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no

Irishman participating in the war.(F)

the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without

difficulties.(F)

1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and

returned the six northern countries.(F)

Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power

of making laws.(F)

h is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of

people speak it as their tongue.(F)

icism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(T)

Chapter 8

eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the

country's continental territory.(F)

climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some

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mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)

through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a

well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)

York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it

is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten

Island, and Queens.(T)

Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous

Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)

of the U.S. Population lives in the western metropolitan centers.(F)

Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or

farms in the North.(F)

the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants

came to America.(T)

half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were

Asians.(T)

American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work

hard for a higher standard of living.(T)

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Chapter 9

a was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new

continent after Columbus.(T)

second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the

Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas

Jefferson.(F)

Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America

was a single, indivisible nation.(T)

American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)

Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower

rate of unemployment.(T)

1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched

Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)

ing to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin

Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)

America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)

March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by

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several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)

gh the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America

to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)

Chapter 10

of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)

form of American government is based on three main principles:

federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule

of law.(T)

U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it

consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)

n presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)

judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts:

the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)

Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)

Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)

an presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)

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an foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)

an foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and

intervention.(T)

Chapter 11

a is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)

a has a mixed economy and the government has little control over

businesses.(F)

r companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the

U.S.(T)

the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual

property" could be identified.(T)

gh slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of

plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture

products.(F)

ent Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic

crisis in the early 1930s.(F)

1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)

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an agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the

agricultural balance of trade.(T)

production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing

industry.(T)

world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the

American foreign trade.(F)

Chapter 12

ion is governed by state and local governments instead of the

national government in America.(T)

American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public

education.(T)

first formal academic institution that a child attends is called

kindergarten.(F)

12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at

graduation.(F)

selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great

concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)

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American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is

responsible for the administration.(F)

y, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a

degree.(T)

university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the

United States.(F)

is

The New York Times

that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972

through the efforts of two reporters.(F)

giving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)

Chapter 13

an Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American

literary spirit.(T)

Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he

devised a poetic style,free verse.(T)

Dickinson's poems are usually long, exploring the inner life of the

individual.(F)

n Crane is famous for his writings about Americans living in Europe.(F)

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Pound led the School of Imagism, which advocates a clear, highly visual

presentation.(T)

a Jewish writer, Saul Bellow focused on Jewish characters and social

problems.(T)

Kerouace's

On The Road

is a representative work of "the Beat

Generation".(T)

Walker was passionate about both the civil rights movement and the

women's movement, and

The Color Purple

is her masterpiece.(T)

a's most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams, and his plays

are highly experimental in form and style.(F)

Miller was concerned with the conflicts of the individual within

society, and

Death of a Salesman

is his masterpiece.(T)

Chapter 14

is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory.(T)

's expansive area can be divided into five geographic regions, each

with a distinct landscape and climate.(T)

lakes in Canada cover 7.6% of the Canadian landmass.(T)

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has a typical oceanic climate influenced by both Atlantic and Pacific

Oceans.(F)

Seven Years' War led to the British control of most of the territories in

Canada.(F)

was split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791.(T)

World War II, neutral policy protected Canada from the wartime

destruction.(F)

separated from Canada and established a French--speaking nation

in the 1960s.(F)

en's Liberal government succeeded in lowering the persistently high

unemployment rate.(T)

was the first country in the world to allow same--sex marriage.(F)

三、简答题

Chapter 1 geography people and language

1. what is the full name of the U.K?

A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland.

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2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?

A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch

whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.

3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided

into and what are they?

A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old

English , middle English ,modern English .

4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?

A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important

after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .

Chapter 2 History

5. What are the two components of the British parliament?

A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

6. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?

A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in almost every aspect : she

promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of

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trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an

empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the

world’s landmass.

7. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?

A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the

ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of

France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.

8. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?

A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about

the former soviet union.

Chapter 3 government and the commonwealth

9. What the three functions of the house of commons?

A: the three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the

activities of the government policy.

10. Why is the Conservative party sometimes called the “Right”?

A: because the conservative party is supported by landowners and

businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.

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11. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?

A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation

and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the

individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’s

constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and

accountable.

12. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?

A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament.

Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.

Chapter 4 economy

1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?

A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment . in 1982,the

unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three

million people out of work.

2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?

A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population

engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it

employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the

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national demands.

3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?

A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef

exports in 1996.

4. What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?

The popular tourist attractions in England include : The Dorset and the East

Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge , Windsor Castle, University towns of

Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,’s cathedral and so on .

Chapter 5 education ,media and holidays

1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational

schools in Britain?

The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically

capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of

vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.

2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?

Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both

academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking

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and carpentry.

3. In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?

British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can

appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses

and award their own degrees.

4. How do the students in the open university receive their education?

The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio

broadcasts, correspondence ,video, and a network of study centers.

5. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?

The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape

the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and

consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.

Chapter 6 literature

1. What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their

representatives?

Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical

play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream,

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The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays

include Richard Ⅲ，HenryⅣ and Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented

by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.

2. What is critical Realism?

critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of

the 19

th

century .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and

criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint . the greatest English

critical realist was Charles Dickens .

3. What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19

th

century?

The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19

th

century are

neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid

emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and

those of aestheticism believed in “art for art’s sake”.

4. What is stream of consciousness?

stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized

flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the

depiction of the characters’ mental and emotional reactions to external events,

rather than the events themselves.

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Chapter 7 society and culture

USA

Chapter 8 geography and people

1. How is the American population distributed?

The distribution of the American population is rather uneven . the most

densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains

have a comparatively small population . the south also has a population of almost

57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan

centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s

population.

2. How is the life of the native Americans today ?

About one third of all native Americans now live on reservations and the

others live in cities. Poverty and unemployment are the major problems for them ,

especially on the reservations .

3. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?

The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to

poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid

that the immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this

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opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.

Chapter 9 history

1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?

Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that

the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security

and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting

the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became

the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.

2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?

a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with

china ;c) negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet

union .

3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?

Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and

business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many

government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s

role in the day-to-day operation of business.

Chapter 10 government

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1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?

One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central

government and the powers of state governments are specified.

2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?

A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a

resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25

years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.

3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?

a)to interpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear

appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws ;

d)may declare a law unconstitutional ; e) may declare a presidential act

unconstitutional.

4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms

of political opinions?

The democrats want the government to play an important role in the

economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern . they

favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a

greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress

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the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs

and free choice of abortion . they also favor a strong military posture and

assertive stand in international relations.

5. What is the content of president Wilson’s fourteen points?

president Wilson’s fourteen points include: abandonment of secret

international agreements; freedom of the sea; free trade between nations ;

reduction of armaments ; adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of the

inhabitants affected; self-rule for subjugated European nationalities ; and the

establishment of an association of nations which guarantees the political

independence and territorial integrity of all nations.

Chapter 11 economy

1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of

America?

During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies

grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists

established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built

small iron forges . by the 18

th

century , regional patterns of development in

America had become clear.

2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?

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After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less

profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the

demands of the war ,surged ahead.

3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?

Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade

will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic

stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.

Chapter 12 education , media and holidays

1. How does an American university choose its applicants?

a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school

teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their

scores on the SAT.

2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?

Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions:

teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard

to its function .

3. What similarities do four famous university share?

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They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number

of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their

graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and

business.

4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?

Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the

new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at

the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them

died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they

had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native

Americans.

Chapter 13 literature

1. What is the essence of American Puritanism?

American Puritanism stress predestination , original sin, total depravity, and

limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive God’s

grace.

2. What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser’s works?

Theodore Dreiser’s novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side.

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Dreiser found that living in such a materialistic society, the human individual is

obsessed with an endless and meaningless search for satisfaction of their desires .

he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of “the survival of the

fittest”.

3. What is the lost Generation?

The lost Generation refer to the young American writers caught up in the

world war I and cut off values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when

civilization has gone mad . they produced works of disillusionment. Two of the

most representative writers of the lost generation are Ernest Hemingway and

Fitzgerald.

4. What is the Beat Movement?

The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word “beat”

suggests a non-conformist , rebellious attitude toward conventional values

concerning sex. Religion and the America way of life , an attitude which results

from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an

unconventional, communal mode of life. The representatives are Allen Ginsberg,

William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.

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