2024年3月31日发(作者：)

呼吸科常用英文

询问病史 case history

You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of

onset; exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to

help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a

differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of

tobacco use; or other toxic and environmental exposures and his

occupational history.

General/biographical data;marital status; nativity; occupation;

informant; time of admission and record; chief complaint; history of

present illness; previous health statuswell; ordinary or bad; any

infectious diseases; allergic history; history of trauma or surgery;

smoking about how many years; average how many pieces per day;

ceased for how many years; alcohol intakeoccasional or

frequent;spouse’s health status; menorrhea menarche age ; cycle lasting

for how many days; menstrual cycle; last menstruation period or age of

menopause; any menstrual pain or irregular cycle; childbearing or

pregnancy times ; natural labor; abortions ;premature delivery; stillbirths;

difficult labor; family history any congenital diseases; father and mother:

still alive; illness ;or cause of death; siblings and children

常用的症状 symptoms

fever

Cough 咳嗽

Sputum dry; purulent脓性的; copious green sputum大量绿色

痰;tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰;frothy white sputum白色泡沫

痰;rusty sputum 铁锈色痰

wheezing

Dyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难

Orthopnea 端坐呼吸

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难

Shortness of breath SOB

Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感

Exercise intolerance

pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛

Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛

Hemoptysis 咯血

Bucking 呛咳

Sneeze喷嚏

snore 打鼾

malaise 不舒服

myalgia 肌痛

insomia 失眠

hoarseness声嘶

dysphonia 发声困难

常见的体征 physical signs

clubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal and transverse

curvature ;loss of concave nail fold angle; bogginess of nail bed and

increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx; drumstick- like

nicotine staining

cyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and

skin ;caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin

more than 5g/dl; O2 saturation less than 85%;PaO2 less than 8KPa

peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries; e.g. nail beds due to cold

exposures

central cyanosis: warm peripheries; blue tongue or lips

hand flap: due to CO2 retention

asterixis 扑翼样震颤

papilloedema 视乳头水肿

chemosis球结膜水肿

enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes

increased respiratory rate

tachycardia 心动过速

pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration seen in severe

asthma

barrel chest

hyperexpanded; decreased expansion

kyphosis 驼背;脊柱后凸

Inspection:

tachypnea 呼吸急促

accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle; arm

support; alae flaring

wide or narrow intercostal space

tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤

subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感

Percussion:

resonance

dullness

flatness

hyperresonance

tympany

lower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal space

range of mobility

Auscultation:

vocal resonance 语音共振

ronchi: wheeze ; stridor ; crackles; Velcro-like soundes

moist rales : coarse; medium; fine; crepitus捻发音

pleural friction rubs

complete absence of breath sounds

ankle edema

weight loss;cachexia恶病质;cachectic恶病质的

decreased food appetite; loss of appetite; anorexia食欲减退

常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings