2024年3月31日发(作者：)

定语从句by which的用法

定语从句是英语中非常常见的一种修饰句子成分的结构，它可以用来

修饰名词、代词或整个主句。其中，by which是一个常用的定语从句

引导词，本文将详细介绍by which的用法及相关注意事项。

一、by which的基本用法

1. 作为定语从句引导词

by which可以作为定语从句引导词来修饰先行词，表示“通过……方

式”、“由……手段”、“用……方法”等含义。例如：

- The company has developed a new technology by which it can

reduce emissions by 50%.

- The medicine is delivered to the patient's body by means of a

small device, by which the drug is released gradually over time.

2. 作为介词短语中的关系代词

除了作为定语从句引导词外，by which还可以作为介词短语中的关系

代词，表示“通过……方式”、“由……手段”等含义。例如：

- The problem was solved by the committee, by which all

members were able to contribute their ideas.

- The project was completed on time, by which the company

was able to meet its deadline.

二、注意事项

1. 可以省略by

在口语和非正式写作中，可以省略by，直接使用which来引导定语从

句。例如：

- This is the method which we use to train our employees.

- The technology which was developed by our company has

been widely adopted.

2. 不可与介词by分开

在使用by which时，介词by和关系代词which不能分开，否则会造

成语法错误。例如：

- The company has developed a new technology, by which

emissions can be reduced by 50%. （正确）

- The company has developed a new technology, emissions can

be reduced by 50% by which. （错误）

3. 可以用于被动语态中

by which可以用于被动语态中，表示“通过……方式”、“由……手段”

等含义。例如：

- The problem was solved by the committee, by which all

members were able to contribute their ideas.

- The medicine is delivered to the patient's body by means of a

small device, by which the drug is released gradually over time.

4. 可以与其他介词搭配使用

除了常见的介词by外，by which还可以与其他介词搭配使用，如

with、through等。例如：

- The company has developed a new system with which it can

monitor its operations more efficiently.

- The project was completed through a collaborative effort,

through which all team members were able to contribute their

skills and expertise.

三、总结

通过以上内容的介绍，我们可以看出，by which是一个非常常见的定

语从句引导词和介词短语中的关系代词，它能够表示“通过……方式”、

“由……手段”等含义。在使用过程中需要注意不可将其与介词分开，

并且可以搭配其他介词使用。掌握好by which的用法，可以让我们在

英语写作和口语表达中更加得心应手。