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英语试卷

2020

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

(

二

)

（科目代码

: 204

）

考研

英语

试卷条形码

Ο

考生注意事项

Ο

1.

答题前

,

考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报

考单位、考生姓名和考生编号

,

并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.

考生须把试题册上的

“

试卷条形码

”

粘贴条取下

,

粘贴在答题卡的试卷条形码粘贴位置框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的

,

责任由考生自负。

(

此次模考忽略此项

)

3.

选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上

,

非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定

位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.

填

(

书

)

写部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写

,

字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用

2B

铅笔填

涂。

5.

考试结束

,

将答题卡按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）

考生编号

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社科赛斯考研 选择社科赛斯 选择成功！

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语（二）全真试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the

ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is

undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm,

rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger one.

3 , there's another sort of parent that's easier to 4 ; a patient parent. Children of every age

benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 , every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 ,

sometimes parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a 7 style with their kids. I understand this.

You’ re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9

happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10

and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.

12 , even though it's common, it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you

can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your

relationship with your child but also 14 your child's self-esteem.

If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control

for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling parents for the younger

generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control

when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life’s skills.

Certainly, it's 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to

be as calm as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As

a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments

feeling better physically and emotionally.

1. [A] tedious

2. [A] in addition

4. [A] amuse

5. [A] while

[B] pleasant

[B] for example

[B] assist

[B] because

[B] task

[B] formal

[B] drag

[B] naive

[C] instructive

[C] at once

[C] Accordingly

[C] describe

[C] choice

[D] tricky

[D] by accident

[D] Eventually

[D] train

[D] once

[D] access

[D] critical

[D] send

[D] inevitable

[D] vague

3. [A] Fortunately [B] Occasionally

[C] unless

[C] rigid

[C] push

[C] suspicious

[C] harsh

1

6. [A] answer

7. [A] tolerant

8. [A] move

9. [A] mysterious [B] illogical

10. [A] boring

社科赛斯考研 选择社科赛斯 选择成功！

11. [A] turn back

[B] take apart

[B] Instead

[B] miss

[B] affect

[B] bond

[B] secret

[C] set aside

[C] However

[C] believe

[C] justify

[C] race

[D] cover up

[D] Otherwise

[D] regret

[D] reflect

[D] cool

[D] context

[D] confronted

[D] wrong

[D] surprising

[D] escape

12. [A] Over all

14. [A] raise

13. [A] like

15. [A] time

16. [A] nature

17. [A] cheated

19. [A] trying

20. [A] hide

[C] importance

[C] confused

[C] strange

[C] exciting

[C] withdraw

[B] defeated

[B] hard

[B] changing

[B] emerge

18. [A] terrible

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your

answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends

to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the Unive

rsity of Califormia, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-tone social and one asocial-for four robot

rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and c

olourful the experiment, the social robot rat followe-d the living rats around, played with the sa

me toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards a

nd backwards and side to side.

Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by press

ing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free

than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may ha

ve bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This c

ould lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when th

ey get trapped, says Quinn.

"Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is refe

rred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them." says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was t

he same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels."We’d assumed we’d have to give it a

moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessar

y,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly,

children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We

humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too," says Wiles.

21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can___.

[A] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one

2

社科赛斯考研 选择社科赛斯 选择成功！

[B] pick up social signals from non-living rats

[C] attain sociable traits through special training

[D] send out warning messages to their fellows

22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?

[A] It played with some toys.

[B] It set the trapped rats free.

[C] It moved around alone.

[D] It followed the social robot.

23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they____.

[A] expected it to do the same in return.

[B] considered that an interesting game.

[C] wanted to display their intelligence

[D] tried to practice a means of escape

24. Janet Wiles notes that rats___.

[A] respond more to actions than to looks.

[B] differentiate smells better than sizes

[C] can be scared by a plastic box on wheels,

[D] can remember other rats' facial features.

25. It can be learned from the text that rats___.

[A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings

[B] are more socially active than other animals

[C] are more sensitive to social cues than expected

[D] behave differently from children in socializing

Text 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and

since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up

by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where

business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have

been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay

has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.

economy.

Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run

the company”, CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade

in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup

can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,

with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is

fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their

own research and development. And beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have

always done.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well. By

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社科赛斯考研 选择社科赛斯 选择成功！

most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is

principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in

the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another

sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock

market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up

corporate value not just for the CEO.

26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

[A] Increased business opportunities for top firms.

[B] Close cooperation among leading economics.

[C] The general pay rise with a better economy.

[D] The growth in the number of corporations.

27 Compared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to ___.

[A] establish closer ties with tech companies.

[B] operate more globalized companies.

[C] finance more research and development.

[D] foster a stronger sense of teamwork.

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____

[A] continual internal opposition.

[B] conservative business strategies.

[C] repeated governance warnings.

[D] strict corporate governance.

29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.

[A] confirm the status of CEOs

[B] increase corporate value.

[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs

[D] motive inside candidates.

30. The most suitable title for this text would be ___.

[A] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define

[B] CEO Pay : Past and Present

[C] CEOs Are Not Overpaid

[D] CEOs’ Challenges of Today

Text 3

Madrid was haired as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the

most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended

enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible termination.

Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of his election campaign,

despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,

ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are

politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That' because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on

to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose

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