2024年3月15日发(作者：)

大学英语六级真题2004年01月

(总分95, 做题时间90分钟)

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

Section A

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

1.

A She knows where Martha has gone.

B Martha will go to the concert by herself.

C It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.

D The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文]

M: Did you see Martha just now? I want to ask her to go with us to

the concert tonight.

W: She must be around somewhere. You may still be able to catch her.

Q: What does the woman mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

2.

A The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.

B The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then.

C The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.

D He might move to another city very soon.

该问题分值: 1

答案:A

[听力原文]

W: I can't bear the air pollution in this city any more. It's getting

worse and worse.

M: You said it. We've never had so many factories before.

Q: What does the man mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

3.

A The man should work harder to improve his grades.

B The man will benefit from the effort he's put in.

C It serves the man right to get a poor grade.

D It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.

该问题分值: 1

答案:B

[听力原文]

M: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get a

C.

W: Well, I don't think grades are everything. What you've learned in

the process will prove useful

in your future work.

Q: What does the woman imply?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

4.

A She can make a reservation at the restaurant.

B The man should decide where to eat.

C She already has plans for Saturday night.

D The man should ask his brother for suggestions.

该问题分值: 1

答案:B

[听力原文]

M: My brother is coming this weekend and I was thinking the three of

us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?

W: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants here that well.

Q: What does the woman mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

5.

A The man deserved the award.

B The woman helped the man succeed.

C The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.

D The woman worked hard and was given an award.

该问题分值: 1

答案:D

[听力原文]

W: I couldn't have won the award without your assistance. Thank you

very much,

M: You've been working so hard. You deserve the honor.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

6.

A Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with

**munity.

B The man's voluntary work has left him little room in his

schedule.

C Voluntary work with the environment council requires a **mitment.

D A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the

environment council.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文]

M: I'd like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment

council. I hear it's a great way to connect with **munity.

W: It sure is. But you'll have to put in a lot of hours. So you must

leave some room in scheduling your time.

Q: What does the woman imply?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

7.

A The patient must receive treatment regularly.

B The patient can't leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.

C The patient's husband can attend to the business in her place.

D The patient must take a good rest and forget about her

business.

该问题分值: 1

答案:B

[听力原文]

W: Can you tell me when I can leave here doctor? I have some

important business to attend to.

M: That depends on how your condition reacts to our treatment. You

may leave as soon as the bleeding stops. I think that will take a

couple of days.

Q: What does the doctor mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

8.

A Alice does not know much about electronics.

B Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.

C Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.

D Alice is likely to find a job in an **pany.

该问题分值: 1

答案:A

[听力原文]

M: I'm told that Alice is trying to find a job in an **pany.

W: As far as I know, she is good at anything but electronics.

Q: What does the woman mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

9.

A Jimmy is going to set out tonight.

B Jimmy has not decided on his journey.

C There is no need to have a farewell dinner.

D They may have a dinner when Jimmy's back.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文]

M: Jimmy is going on a journey tomorrow. Shall we have a farewell

dinner tonight?

W: Do you think it's necessary? You know he'll be away just for a few

days.

Q: What does the woman mean?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

10.

A The woman had been planning for the conference.

B The woman called the man but the line was busy.

C The woman didn't come [lack until midnight.

D The woman had guests all evening.

该问题分值: 1

答案:D

[听力原文]

M: I thought you were going to call me last night about the plans for

the conference on language teaching.

W: Sorry, I should have, but Tom and Jane stopped by and stayed until

midnight.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Section B

Passage One

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

11.

A They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while

driving.

B They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.

C They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.

D They are pleased because it saves them much time.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文11-13]

The Golden Gate Bridge joins the beautiful city of San Francisco

with the suburbs to the north. Each day about 100,000 automobiles

cross the bridge taking people to and from the city. More than half

of them cross the bridge during the morning and evening rush hours.

With traffic so heavy, the trip is not pleasant. Now, however, there

is at least one group of **muters. These are the people who travel

under the bridge instead of on it: They go to work by boat and enjoy

it so much that most of them say they will never go by car again. The

ferry they take is spacious, quiet **fortable. Commuters can enjoy

the sun on deck. In the morning they can have breakfast in the coffee

shop, And in the evening they can order a drink in the bar while

looking at the beautiful scenery. The trip takes only 30 minutes

and is not very costly. But best of all, being on a boat seems to

make people feel more friendly to- ward each other. There has

already been a marriage of **muters who met on the ferry. Because the

ferry has been so successful, there are plans to use other still

larger boats. There is also a proposal for a high speed boat that

will make the trip in only t5 minutes. But not everyone is happy

about that. A lot of people feel that half an hour is just enough

time to relax.

11. According to the speaker, how do commuters feel about crossing

the Golden Gate Bridge by car?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

12.

A They don't have their own cars to drive to work.

B Many of them are romantic by temperament.

C Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.

D They tend to be more friendly to each other.

该问题分值: 1

答案:D

[听力原文]

What does the speaker say about **muters?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

13.

A Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.

B Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.

C Some suggest improving the design of the deck.

D Some object to using larger luxury boats.

该问题分值: 1

答案:B

[听力原文]

How do commuters respond to plans for the future of the ferry?

Passage Two

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

14.

A Coca Cola.

B Sausage.

C Milk.

D Fried chicken.

该问题分值: 1

答案:A

[听力原文14-16]

How many teeth have you had filled in the past two years? If you

follow the advice of Dr. Faustick, you may be able to reduce the

number of your visits to a dentist. Dr. Faustick conducted a two-year

survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay. 946

students took part in the experiment. 523 students cleaned their

teeth within ten minutes of eating. When possible, they used a

toothbrush; when this was impossible, they washed their mouth

thoroughly with water. The remaining 423 students merely cleaned

their teeth when they went to bed and when they got up in the

morning. All the students had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the

first and second years. At the end of the first year, the night and

morning group had three times as many decayed teeth as the clean-

after-each-meal: group. At the end of the second year, the latter

group had 53 per- cent fewer decayed teeth than the former group. Dr.

Faustiek has cleaned his teeth after every meal for thirteen years

and has not had a single decayed tooth. He pointed out that sugar is

a major agent in dental decay, particularly the sugar in sweets,

cakes, and soft drinks. Ideally you should keep a toothbrush in your

pocket and use it immediately after you have finished eating. When

this is impractical, you can at least make sure that you have a drink

of water and let the water through your teeth to force out any

particles of food. 7 out of 10 people lose at least half their teeth

by the time they are fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth

by that time. In any case, neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist

is very pleasant. So it is worthwhile making an effort to keep your

own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative agent is simply

water.

14. According to the passage, what type of food or drink is most

likely to cause dental decay?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

15.

A He has had thirteen decayed teeth.

B He doesn't have a single decayed tooth.

C He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age.

D He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty.

该问题分值: 1

答案:B

[听力原文]

What does the passage tell us about the condition of Dr. Faustiek's

teeth?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

16.

A Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.

B Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.

C Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.

D Clean your teeth shortly after eating.

该问题分值: 1

答案:D

[听力原文]

What does Dr: Faustiek suggest to prevent dental decay?

Passage Three

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

17.

A A visit to a prison.

B The influence of his father.

C A talk with some miserable slaves.

D His experience in the war between France and Austria.

该问题分值: 1

答案:A

[听力原文17-20]

The worldwide organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea

of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838, at the age of ten, Dunant

was taken by his father to visit a prison. There he saw prisoners

chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the

road. This experience left a deep impression on him and made him

determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who

were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On 24th June 1859 while

on his way from Geneva to France; Dunant witnessed the battie between

the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of

the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and

attention given to the wounded, Dunant decided that volunteer service

had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who

attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and

'helped the surgeons as best as they could. From that battle, Dunant

determined to form a body of people who would rally together in times

of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held

that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only

without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European

states supported him and on 22nd August 1864, the first Geneva

Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded,

he and everyone **es to his help cease to be an enemy. A symbol by

which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a

tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed. That

is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born.

17. What first led Henri Dunant to think of helping the oppressed?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

18.

A He sent surgeons to serve in the army.

B He provided soldiers with medical supplies.

C He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.

D He helped to flee the prisoners of war.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文]

What did Henri Dunant do during the battle between the French and

Austrian armies?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

19.

A All men are created equal.

B The wounded and dying should be treated for free.

C A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any

medical treatment.

D A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race,

religion or political beliefs.

该问题分值: 1

答案:D

[听力原文]

What was Henri Dunant's belief when he founded the Red Cross?

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

20.

A To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.

B To show Switzerland was neutral.

C To pay tribute to Switzerland.

D To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial

support.

该问题分值: 1

答案:C

[听力原文]

Why was the symbol of the Red Cross designed with a red cross on

white ground?

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing

taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine (尿). After

all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in

industrialized countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been

wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a

modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although

proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the

few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.

Or at least that's the argument put forward in the New England

Journal of Medicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir

Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in

scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a

long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some

point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies,

it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.

The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B

vitamins. It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos

(胚胎) , and a recent trial found that folate in combination with

vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 al- so decreases the re-blockage of

arteries after surgical repair.

The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who

take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear

somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give

vitamin E to patients who al- ready have heart disease, the vitamin

doesn't seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in

prevention but cannot undo serious damage.

Despite vitamin C's great popularity, consuming large amounts of

it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The

body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes (排泄) any

excess.

The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to

wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you

willing to accept that there's enough evidence that they don't hurt

and could help.'?

If the latter, there's no need to go to extremes and buy the

biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can

cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system

problems.

Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced

diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit

is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily

multivitamin makes a lot of sense.

21.

At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they

believed that multivitamins __________.

A could not easily be absorbed by the human body

B were potentially harmful to people's health

C were too expensive for daily consumption:

D could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies

该问题分值: 2

答案:A

推断题。题目询问医生曾经不鼓励人们服用多种维生素是因为他们认为多种维

生素______ 。根据文章第1句“For years，doctors advised their

patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them

expensive urine(很多年来，医生告诉病人说服用多种维生素只会让他们排更

昂贵的尿)”，我们知道以前医生认为服用多种维生素只会从尿中排出，也就是

吸收不了。所以答案为[A]。

22.

According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements

__________.

A often result in misleading conclusions

B take time and will not produce conclusive results

C should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale

D appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources

该问题分值: 2

答案:B

推断题。题目询问按照作者看来，补充维生素的临床试用______ 。根据文章第

2段第3句“But those studies can take a long time and often raise

more questions than they answer(但是那些研究要花费时间，而且所能解决

的问题常常没有引发出的问题多)”，可以判断答案为[B]。

23.

It has been found that vitamin E ____________.

A should be taken by patients regularly and persistently

B can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease

C has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

D should be given to patients with heart disease as early as

possible

该问题分值: 2

答案:C

推断题。题目询问已经发现维生素E______ 。根据文章第4段，特别是最后一

句“It may turn out that vita min E plays a role in prevention but

cannot undo serious damage(结果可能是维生素E只能起预防作用但无法治疗

严重的伤害)”。可以得出答案为[C]。

24.

It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins __________.

A may bring about serious side effects

B may help prevent excessive bleeding

C are likely to induce the blockage of arteries

D are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies

该问题分值: 2

答案:A

事实细节题。题目询问我们能看出服用大剂量的多种维生素______ 。根据文章

倒数第二段最后一句“Large doses can cause trouble，including

excessive bleeding and nervous system problems(服用大剂量的维生素可能

会带来问题，例如大出血和神经系统问题)”，可以判断答案为[A]。

25.

The author concludes the passage with the advice that __________.

A the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of

exercise and a balanced diet

B it's risky to take multivitamins without knowing their

specific function

C the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be

overestimated

D it's reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily

该问题分值: 2

答案:D

推断题。题目询问作者结尾建议______。根据文章最后一句“taking a daily

multivitamin makes a lot of sense(每日服用多种维生素是很有道理的)”，

可以判断答案为[D]。

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (剧增) of

women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many

women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

The converse (反面) of this concern is that the prospects of

becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In

the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man

counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability

of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data

show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the

parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about

rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages

also rises.

Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home

is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to

any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work

on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions.

The 'realization that she can be a good provider may increase the

chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an

unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible.

Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in

ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems,

and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase

household income and relieve some of these pressing financial

burdens. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife

may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability.

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a

wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the

house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the

other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the

home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and

more stable union.

Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been

due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main

breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations

outside of the **es the capacity to exercise power within the

family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of

the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new

conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could

create new insecurities.

26.

The word "portend" ( Line I, Para. 1 ) is closest in meaning to

"______"

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

A defy

B signal

C suffer from

D result from

该问题分值: 2

答案:B

语义理解题。题目询问单词“portend”在意思上与什么最相近。原文称：

“…the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a

rejection of marriage．Many women，…would rather work than

marry．(进入劳动力市场的妇女急剧增加，将——着拒绝婚姻。很多女性宁愿

工作而不结婚)”，因此，该词最合适的含义为“预示着”，“是……的征

兆”。答案为[B]。

27.

It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,________.

A men would choose working women as their marriage partners

B more women would get married to seek financial security

C even working women would worry about their marriages

D more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

该问题分值: 2

答案:D

事实细节题。题目询问根据文中所述，当经济衰退时会出现什么情况。根据第

1段最后两句“Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone

marriage．．．As the economy rebounds，the number of marriages also

rises(数据表明经济低迷会让人们推迟结婚……当经济回弹时，结婚的数量也

上升)”，其中economic down turns即题目所说的when the economy

slides，所以答案为[D]。

28.

If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_________.

A they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners

B their husbands are expected to do more housework

C their marriage ties can be strengthened

D they tend to put their career before marriage

该问题分值: 2

答案:C

事实细节题。题目询问如果妇女在家庭之外的工作找到满足时会出现什么情

况。根据倒数第二段最后一句“if she can find fulfillment through work

outside the home，work and marriage can go together to create a

stronger and more stable union(如果妇女在家庭之外的工作找到满足，工作

和婚姻可以齐头并进形成更强更稳定的联合)”，我们可以推断出答案是[C]。

29.

One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that

__________.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

A they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

B they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

C they feel that their partners fail to hive up to their

expectations

D they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage

该问题分值: 2

答案:A

事实细节题。题目询问没有工作的妇女想离婚的一个原因是什么。根据第3段

第2句“a wife blocked from a career outrode the home may feel caged

in the hduse(没有工作只是待在家里的妻子可能会觉得自己像被困在笼子似地

困在家里)”，所以答案为[A]。

30.

Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's

view in the passage?

A The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the

economic situation of the country.

B Even when economically independent, most women have to

struggle for real equality in marriage.

C In order to secure their marriage women should work outside

the home and remain independent.

D The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies

from case to case.

该问题分值: 2

答案:D

主旨题。题目询问下列综述中哪一个最好地概括了作者的观点。根据全文内

容，尤其是最后一句“Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new

conditions，it could create a stronger equal partnership or

it could create new insecurities(妇女外出工作既有可能产生更牢靠的平

等夫妻关系，也有可能造成新的不安定因素，这全取决于夫妇双方对这些新的

情况做出怎样的反应)”，可以得出答案为[D]。

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-

evident that there is something called human nature, something that

constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what

constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists

-- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is

man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal,

an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.

More recently, this traditional view has begun to be

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis

given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the

history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different

from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that

men in every age have had in common something that can be called

"human nature". The historical approach was reinforced, particularly

in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural

anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered

such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that

many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a

blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another

factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a

fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as

a shield behind which the most inhuman acts **mitted. In the name of

human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the

eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the

rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society,

scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness,

competitiveness, and selfishness as innate (天生的) human traits.

Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the

inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder,

cheating and lying.

Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature

probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man

came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea

of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.

Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that

we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.

31.

The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by

__________.

A the emergence of the evolutionary theory

B the historical approach to man

C new insight into human behavior

D the philosophical analysis of slavery

该问题分值: 2

答案:B

推断题。题目问：“人性”的传统观点受到______的强烈挑战。原文提到三个

理由，分别在第2段开头、中间和第3段第1句：“More recently，this

traditional view has begun to be questioned．One reason for this

change was…．Another factor contributing to the tendency to…was

that．．．．Another reason for skepticism．．．probably lies in…”考

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查题干、选项与原文中的用词，[A]“进化论的出现”是“可能的”(probable)

原因，不足以构成“强烈的”(strongly)挑战，可以排除。[C]“对于人类行为

的新的认识”范围较窄，原文只是在第二个理由中提到“不人道的行

为”(inhuman acts)以及“不良的人类行为”(undesirable human

behavior)，不足以概括文中提到的三个理由；实际上，文章还谈到了关于人类

风俗、价值观、情感等，所以[C]错误。[D]“对奴隶制的哲学分析”原文没有

提到。只有[B]“从历史的角度研究人类”符合第一条理由，是答案。

32.

According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings

__________.

A have some traits in common

B are born with diverse cultures

C are born without a fixed nature

D change their characters as they grow up

该问题分值: 2

答案:C

事实细节题。题目询问根据文章所述，人类学家相信人类______。根据第2段

第5句“many anthropologists。 arrived at the concept that man is

born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text

(很多人类学家得出结论说，人生来像一张白纸，不同的文化写出不同的篇

章)”，既然是a blank sheet of paper，就没有fixed nature，所以答案

为[C]。

33.

The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to

__________.

A emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of

"human nature"

B show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify

social evils

C prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of

"human nature"

D support the idea that some human traits are acquired

该问题分值: 2

答案:B

推断题。题目询问作者提到古希腊伟大的思想家的目的是什么。结合提到

Aristotle的那句话(第2段倒数第 3句)最后的“defended slavery(维护奴隶

制)”及其前一句“…the concept has so often been abused as a shield

behind which the most inhuman acts **mitted (该概念经常被滥用于维护

许多非人性的行为)”，不难看出slavery和inhuman acts都属于田)中提到的

social evils，而两句中的defend和shield恰恰体现了[B]中的justify。

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34.

The word "untenable" ( Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage

most probably means __________.

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A invaluable

B imaginable

C changeable

D indefensible

该问题分值: 2

答案:D

语义理解题。题目询问出现在文中最后一段的单词“untenable”最可能的意思

是什么。倒数第一段第2句“Once man came to be seen as developing in

the process of evolution，the idea of a substance which is contained

in his essence seemed untenable．(一旦把人看作是在进化过程中不断发展

的，那么，认为在人的本性中含有某些特性的观点似乎就______了。)”显然最

合乎逻辑的选项是“站不住脚的”，“不能防卫的”，答案是[D]。

35.

Most philosophers believed that human nature

A is the quality distinguishing man from other animals

B consists of competitiveness and selfishness

C is something partly innate and partly acquired

D consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

该问题分值: 2

答案:A

推断题。题目询问大多数哲学家相信人性______。根据文章开头两句中“human

nature，something that constitutes the essence of man．．． such an

essence exists—that is to say，that there is something by virtue of

which man is man(构成人的本质的‘人性’……确实存在人性，也就是说，存

在人为什么是人的原因)”，可以得出答案为[A]。

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

Richard Satava, program manager fur' advanced medical

technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality

to medicine, **puters create a "virtual" or simulated environment

for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者). "With virtual

reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said

Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are. wounded fighting

overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped **puters.

**puters would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back

in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual

reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the

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image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in

the battlefield mobile surgical units that operate on the soldier.

Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard

operating procedure, scientists are progressing to- ward virtual

reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in

California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch

a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that

are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic

instruments that perform the surgery. **puter provides feedback to

the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.

These technological wonders may not yet be part of **munity

hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding

its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical

School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain **puterized

scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can

then maneuver the 3-D image on **puter screen to map the shortest,

least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also

using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so

that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep

in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a

computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery.

During these procedures -- operations that are done through

small cuts in the body in which a miniature cam- era and surgical

tools are maneuvered -- surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a

better view. And they **manding robot surgeons to cut away tissue

more accurately than human surgeons can.

Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in

the field of medicine."

36.

According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to

medicine __________.

A will enable surgeons to be physically present on every

battlefield

B can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield

C will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield

D can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the

battlefield

该问题分值: 2

答案:C

推断题。题目询问依照理查德所说，把虚拟现实应用于现实________。第2段

第1句“With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every

trench(有了虚拟现实，我们能够把外科医生布置到每一个战壕中去)”。第3

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