2024年3月14日发(作者：)

中文摘要

中国社会的“吃文化”丰富多彩、形式多样。因为“吃”在社会生活中的广泛存

在和应用，“V

吃

+O”结构的表达也无处不在。本文在纷繁多样的“V

吃

+O”表达中限定

了表示“依靠……生存”义的“吃X饭”为研究对象，以大数据为背景，收集整理了

能进入该结构的语料信息。通过论元结构、语义语法、认知语法等角度对“吃X饭”

的认知路径进行分析。得出结论是隐喻性的“吃X饭”中，“吃”和“饭”分别发生隐

喻映射，“吃饭”作为人类的普遍生存手段，已经逐渐延伸出“依靠某种事物来存活”

的意义。本文还通过不同的角度对“X”的选择做了分析，我们将“X”提取出来，它

作为整个“吃饭”（靠……生活）的来源基础，通过凸显“食物”的不同层面，来表

示不同的含义。通过对“X”的分类整理，研究“吃X饭”的组合搭配现象和其隐喻规

律。研究中发现了表达同一意义的“吃X饭”和“吃X”，对这种对立共存的关系，我

们还分析了其动因和机制。认为“吃X饭”和“吃X”在社会语言生活中的运用是语

言的经济性原则和认知的相似性原则在起作用，也是语用动因表达精细化的体现。最

后对表示“依靠……生存”义的“吃X饭”在对外汉语教学中的教与学提出了建议。

关键词

：

吃 吃X饭 大数据 隐喻跨度

I

Abstract

The Chinese diet culture is broad and profound. Since the word " chī" extensively

presences and applys in society, the language structure "V

chi

+O" is beyond count in Chinese .

This paper restricts the "V

chi

+O" meaning "relying on ..." in various expressions of "V

chi

+O"

as the research object. With big data as the background, the corpus information that can

enter the structure was collected and sorted. Through the argument structure, semantic

grammar, cognitive grammar and other perspective to analyze the cognitive path of " chī X

fàn ". The conclusion is that the structure" chī X fàn " get their metaphorical meaning

"relying on ..." by metaphorical mapping. We also analyze the choice of "X" from different

angles. We extract "X" which as the source of the whole "eating" (depending on ...),

expressing different meanings by highlighting different levels of food. We sorted "X" to

study the combination and coverage area of " chī X fàn ". In the study, we found out "eating

X rice" and "eating X"are expressing the same meaning, so we start research the motivation

and mechanism of this opposite folding relationship. We believe that the use of " chī X fàn "

and " chī X" in social language life is the function of the economic principles of language

and the similarity principle of cognition, and it is also a reflection of the refinement of

pragmatic motivational expressions. Finally, suggestions are made on the teaching and

learning of " chī X fàn ", which means "relying on ..." for teaching Chinese as a foreign

language.

Key words： Chi(吃)； Large data； Metaphor and metonymy； Semantic

projection patterns

II