2024年3月9日发(作者：)

形式

(动名词和现在分词)

Ⅰ时态与语态

时态/语态

一般式

完成式

主动语态

doing

having done

被动语态

being done

having been done

⒈动名：具有动词和名词的特征

①一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后

Children enjoy watching TV.

Excuse me for interrupting you.

②完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前

I don’t remember having ever seen the film.我不记得曾经看过这部电影。

当动名词逻辑主语是动名词所表示动作的对象时，用被动：

He came in without being asked. I didn’t mind being left at home.

但want, need, deserve, require后用动名词表被动，形容词worth…

My watch needs repairing (to be repaired).

The film is worth seeing.

⒉现在分词：保留动词的特征

①一般式：表泛指时间所表示的动作通常是一般性动作，不明确地说明发生在过去、现在

和将来的动作；与谓语动词同时发生；在谓语动词之前；在谓语动词之后。

Being careless is not a good habit, whatever you do.

Following the teacher, we walked into the lab.

Thank you for giving us so much help last time.

Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.

②完成式：在谓语动词之前已经完成。

I’m very pleased at your having been honored with a medal.

被动式表示一个被动的动作，这个动作通常是正在进行的，或是与谓语动词同时发生的。

That building being repaired is our dormitory.

Being asked to put on a performance, she refuse.

Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away.

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Ⅱ语法功能

⒈动名词：动名词在句中起名词的作用，可单独或构成短语做主语、表语、宾语、介词的

宾语或定语。用于禁令性语言，常见于公共标语。No smoking/parking/spitting.

①作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。常用it作形式主语。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.

It’s fun playing with children.

Reading aloud is important in learning a language.

Playing football is my favorite sport.

句型a. It is a./n. +doing

no use/no good

useless/foolish/crazy/senseless

It is funny/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/worth/worthwhile

nice/better/terrible/expensive/dangerous

fun/time/a bore/ waste of time/a good pleasure/a pity

It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。

It’s nice working with you.

句型b. There is no +doing sth.== It is impossible to do…

There is no joking on this matter.这事可开不得玩笑。

There is no saying what may happen.说不准将会发生什么事。

There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史的车轮不可阻挡。

在essential, important, necessary等后面不用动名词。

【注：动名词与不定式作主语时区别】

动名词强调抽象的或一般的情况，而不定式更强调个别，表示某次的动作。

It’s important for me to learn English well.

Learning English well is important.(泛指一般情况)

To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.

②作表语

My favorites sport is swimming.

Her job is teaching English.

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+doing (动名词)