2024年3月8日发(作者：)

兰生特殊词性转换专练

respect behave nature regular danger convenient mean lie separate real

are listed as one of the primary protected animals because they were once .

2. He is such a that nobody trusts him.

3. In some situations, doctors are allowed to operate on seriously injured patients without permissions

from the relatives.

4. .I’m so sorry for bringing you so much .

5. The professor is giving a public speech in the hall.

6. The made all of us astonished.

7. between couples cause a lot of misunderstanding.

8. Tom Ford gave us a/an explanation, we still couldn’t understand this formula.

sure that good ___________-is rewarded.

10. Cats and dogs have different________--cats are independent;dogs like company.

Keys：

endangered，liar，irregular，inconvenience，respectable，reality，Separations，meaningless，behavior，natures

动词适当形式填空

1. Although Mrs Potts kept ____________Belle,she cried even harder.(comfort)

2.

There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house.（tie）

3.

_______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.（catch）

4.

Whom would you rather have _______with you, him or me?（go）

5.

I won't go to the party even if_______.（invite）

6.

All work is pleasant ______when the habit of working is formed.（do）

7.

The man _______in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor.（dress）

8.

Tell Mary that there's someone _______for her at the door.（wait）

9.

Whether it will do us harm remains_______.（see）

10.

I happened _______with him when he was hit by a stone.（talk）

Keys：

ting catch

g be seen to talking

首字母原创改编

A

The Norfolk Prison Colony’s library was in the school building. A

v____1___ of classes was taught there by instructors who came from such places as Harvard and Boston

universities. The weekly debates between prisoner teams were also held in the school building. You would be

astonished to know how hard-working prisoner debaters and audiences would get over s___2_____ like “Should

Babies Be Fed Milk?”

A____3_____ on the prison library’s shelves were books on just about every general subject. Much of the big

private collection that Parkhurst had wiled to the prison was still in boxes in the back of the library--thousands of

old books. Parkhurst, I’ve mentioned, seemed to have been principally interested in history and religion. He had

the money and the special i____4_____ to have a lot of books that you wouldn’t have to general circulation. Any

college library would have been lucky to get that collection.

As you can imagine, especially in a prison where there was heavy emphasis on reform a prisoner was smiled

upon if he demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books. There was a sizable number of well-read prisoners,

especially the popular debaters. Some were said by many to be practically walking encyclopedias. They were

almost noted persons. No university would ask any student to read literature so greedily as i did when this new

world opened to me, of being a__5____ to read and understand.

I read more in my room than in the library itself. A prisoner who was known to read a lot could check out

more than the permitted maximum number of books. I p__6____ reading in the total isolation of my own room.

When i had progressed to really serious reading, every night at about i would be annoyed with the

“lights out”. It always seemed to catch me right in the middle of something absorbing.

F_____7____, right outside my door was a corridor light that cast a glow into my room. The glow was

enough to read by, once my eyes adjusted to it. So when “lights out” came, i would sit on the floor where I could

continue reading in that glow.

【答案及解析】

1. variety

由后文句意所知，许多来自哈佛，波士顿大学的老师在The Norfolk Prison Colony’s library给很多学生上课。此处考察固定搭配a variety of 许多，大量。

2. subjects

根据句意，当你发现那些监狱辩手和观众为一些话题，比如：婴儿应不应该母乳喂养，之类的辩论话题进行辩论的时候，你会为他们的努力认真感到惊讶不已。空处为n,根据句意，应为辩论话题的单词，subjects,此处注意n 的单复数。

3. Available

根据句意，监狱图书室的书架上面大多是些常见话题的书。此处为一个倒装句，句子主语为books on just

about every general subject，were 为be动词，此处应该为一个形容词做表语，根据句子结构分析和句意，空处填形容词available.

4. interest

在上文中作者提到，“Parkhurst，正如我提到的那样，对历史和宗教有浓烈的兴趣，它有资金，也有兴趣收集一些大众书籍中少见的书籍。”此处根据句意，空处应为interest.

5. able

根据句意，“当我接触到这个世界，我如饥似渴的沉浸其中，这让我学会了阅读和理解，我想没有一所大学会要求自己的学生像我一样，大量的阅读文学书籍。”此句中作者提到，自己沉浸在读书的世界里，在书的世界里，他学会了阅读和理解。此处考察固定短语 be able to，所以空处为able.

6. preferred

在上文中，作者提到，“在自己房间比在图书馆的时间阅读的更多。一般来说，读过很多书的犯人能够梳理清楚所有监狱图书馆的书籍。同时，我更喜欢再子里封闭的房间里面读。”根据后一段，作者提到自己在自己房间读书的经历。所以此处应该为作者更喜欢在自己的房间读书，空处为preferred，注意时态为过去式。

7. Fortunately

上文提到，作者对晚上熄灯影响自己看书感到很苦恼，但后文提到走廊的灯光正好可以找到自己的房间，自己可以在熄灯之后继续看书。所以作者感到很幸运。此处为副词fortunately.

【词汇拓展】

1. astonished (adj) 感到惊讶的;十分惊奇的 If you are astonished by something, you are very surprised about it.

Eg: They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy.

令他们吃惊的是，开车的居然是个6岁的小男孩。

2. principally (adv) 主要地；首要地；最重要地 Principally means more than anything else.

Eg: This is principally because the major export markets are slowing.

这主要是因为主要出口市场发展缓慢。

3. circulation ① (NC) (报纸、杂志的) 发行量，销售量

Eg: The paper has proved unable to maintain its circulation figures.

事实证明这家报纸难以维持其发行量。

②(NU) 血液循环

Eg: Anyone with heart, lung or circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying.

有心肺疾病或血液循环问题的人在乘坐飞机前应寻求医生建议。

4. maximum (adj) 最高的; 最大的; 最多的 You use maximum to describe an amount which is the largest that

is possible, allowed, or required.

Eg: China headed the table with maximum points.

中国队以最高分位居榜首。

5. absorbing (adj) 非常有趣的；引人入胜的

Eg: Children will find other exhibits equally absorbing.

孩子们会对其他展品一样感兴趣。

6. demonstrate (v) 证明; 论证; 表明; 说明 To demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.

Eg: The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mortality.

该研究还表明了肥胖症和死亡率之间存在直接的联系。

7. intense (adj) 强烈的; 剧烈的; 极度的

Eg: Suddenly the room filled with intense light.

突然,刺眼的强光照亮了整个房间。

8. sizable (adj) 相当大的; 颇大的 Sizeable means fairly large.

Eg: Harry inherited the house and a sizeable chunk of land.

哈里继承了这座房子以及相当大的一片土地。

9. encyclopedias (n) 百科全书 An encyclopedia is a book or set of books in which facts about many different

subjects or about one particular subject are arranged for reference, usually in alphabetical order.

the Encyclopedia of Music音乐专科大全

10. isolation (n) 孤独; 孤寂; 孤立无援 Isolation is the state of feeling alone and without friends or help.

Eg: Many deaf people have feelings of isolation and loneliness.

很多失聪者都有孤独无助的感觉。

11. glow (n) ① 微弱稳定的光；暗淡的光

Eg: The rising sun casts a golden glow over the fields.

冉冉升起的太阳在田野中洒下金色的阳光。

②（脸上的）红光，红晕，红润

Eg: The moisturiser gave my face a healthy glow that lasted all day.涂了润肤霜，我的脸一整天都红润亮泽。

【长难句解析】

1. Much of the big private collection that Parkhurst had wiled to the prison was still in boxes in the

back of the library--thousands of old books. Parkhurst, I’ve mentioned, seemed to have been

principally interested in history and religion. He had the money and the special interest to have a lot

of books that you wouldn’t have to general circulation. Any college library would have been lucky

to get that collection.

解析：Parkhurst监狱许多私人收藏书籍仍在图书馆后面的大箱子里，里面有成千上百的旧书。正如我提到的那样，Parkhurst似乎对历史和宗教方面有很浓的兴趣。它有资金，也有兴趣去收集一些大众书籍中很少见到书籍。任何一所大学，如果有幸得到这些书籍，那将会是很幸运的。

2. Fortunately, right outside my door was a corridor light that cast a glow into my room. The glow

was enough to read by, once my eyes adjusted to it. So when “lights out” came, i would sit on the

floor where I could continue reading in that glow.

解析：幸运的地是，我房间外面走廊里面的灯光正好可以照到我的房间，当我的眼睛适应了这种灯光后，这些亮度对我读书来说是够用的。所以，即便监狱熄灯了，我仍然可以坐到灯管可以找到的地方继续读书。

【出题方向】

本文节选自一篇自叙性作品, 作者首先讲述自己所服刑监狱图书馆的情况，对监狱的书籍收藏情况大致做了描述。在描述过程中，读者可以得知作者是很爱读书的一个人，对监狱的图书馆情况很了解。在后文中，作者写到了自己读书的一些情况，由于监狱熄灯早，作者的读书受到影响。但作者发现了借助走廊的灯光，可以继续读书。整篇文章叙述性较强，需要读懂句子后，联系上下文来理解文章，对学生的理解能力有较高的要求。

B

If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even

Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆). Education plays a k___1___ role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental

disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive (认知的) advantage over

their less educated counterparts in middle and old age.

Now, a large national s___2___ from Brandeis University published in the American Joumal of Geriatric

Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make u___3___ for poorer education by

frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.

"The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly

understand how and why these effects last so long," said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She

suggested that higher education may e___4___ lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less

education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).

But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your m___5___ . The

study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. "Among individuals with low

education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a

week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education," said Lachman.

The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84

with a mean age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the p___6___ had at least a 4-year college degree. The

researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas verbal （言语的）memory and

executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants

were given a series of tests, i___7___ tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.

As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did

b___8___ on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.

"The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with

lower educational achievement, and p___9___ those st risk for memory declines," said Lachman.

"Although we cannot rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more

activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal

control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually a___10___ lifestyle."

【答案及解析】

这里强调的是教育起到了关键作用，key表示关键的

后面说的是一家学术机构，发布的应该是一份研究报告

这里表示对贫困人的教育做出补偿、弥补

age 这里标识的高等教育会激发对于...的兴趣，encourage表示鼓励，激发

5. memory 后面有讲到记忆力的对比，所以这里表示保持住记忆力

ipants 这里表示参与实验的人员，即参与者

7 including 前面总的写一系列测试，后面写具体的测试

与后面的lower形成对比

t 后面说是有更大的风险，即需要对他们做保护

这里表示智力上很活跃的生活方式

【词汇聚焦】

n.学位

in 参与...

adj.精神的，智力的

in v. 保留住

adj.平均的，中间的

ake v.承担

out 排除

consistent with 与...一致

【长难句解析】

Although we cannot rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who

take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests

some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an

intellectually active lifestyle.

解析：尽管我们不能排除这样的可能性，那些拥有更好记忆的人是那些承担更多活动的人，但证据与认知可塑性一致，并且建议通过采取智力活动来对成年期的认知功能进行某种程度的个人控制生活方式。

【出题方向】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍年龄与智力的关系，相对来说是学生比较熟悉的话题。全文用词不难，文章篇幅较长。出题考察学生对联系上下文、固定搭配等多方面能力。对于阅读能力有一定的要求。