2024年3月8日发(作者：)

病历中中英文对照

第一章 病人身份[Identification]

• [Name] 姓名

• [Sex] 性别• [Age] 年龄• [Occupation] 职业• [Date of birth] 出生日期• [Marriage （Marital status）]

婚姻• [Race] 民族• [Place of birth (Birth place)] 籍贯• [Identification No.(code of ID card No.)]

身份证号码• [Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.)] 工作单位及电话• [Home

address and phone No.] 家庭住址及电话• [Post code] 邮政编码• [Person to notify (Correspondent) and

phone No.] 联系人及电话• [Source (Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history] 病史陈术者•

[Reliability of history] 病史可靠程试• [Medical security (Type of payment)] 医疗费用• [Type of

admission (Patient condition)] 住院类别（入院时病情）• [Medical record No.] 病历号• [Clinic diagnosis]

门诊诊断

• [Date of admission (admission date)] 入院日期 [Date of record] 记录日期

1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）

•36 years old (y/o)•Age 36•36 year-old•The age of 36

•36 years of age

2、性别的表示方法

• [Male,♂] 男性• [Female,♀] 女性

3、职业的表示方法

•工人[Worker] •退休工作[Retired worker]•农民[Farmer (peasant)] •干部[Leader (cadre)]•行政人员[administrative personnel (staff)]•职员[staff member] •商人[Trader (Businessman)]•教师[Teacher]

•学生[Student] •医生[Doctor]•药剂师[Pharmacist]•护士[Nurse] •军人[Soldier] •警察[Policeman]•工程师[Engineer] •技术员[Technician] •家政人员[Housekeeper]•家庭主妇[Housewife] •营业员[Assistant] •服务员[Attendant]•售票员[Conductor]

4、民族的表示方法

•汉[Han] •回[Hui] •蒙[Meng] •藏[Tibetan]•朝鲜[Korean]•美国人[American] •日本人[Japanese] •英国人[Britisher]

5、医疗费用的表示方法

• [Self pay (Individual medical care)] 自费• [Government insruance (Public medical care)] 公费•

[Insurance] 保险

• [Local insurance] 本地医保• [Non-local in surance] 外地医保• [Labor protestion care] 劳保

6、婚姻状况的表示方法

• [Married] 已婚 • [Single (Unmarried)] 未婚 • [Diverced] 离婚• [Widow] 寡妇 • [Widower] 鳏夫

7、病史可靠程度的表示方法

• [Reliable] 可靠

• [Unreliable] 不可靠

• [Not entirely] 不完全可靠

• [Unobtainable] 无法获得

8、住址的表示方法

•[NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang] 浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号

•[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.] 浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新东村

9、病史陈述者的表示方法

• [Patient himself (herself)] 患者本人• [Her husband] 患者的丈夫• [His wife] 患者的妻子• [Patient`s

colleague] 患者的同事

• [Patient`s neighbor] 患者的邻居• [Patient`s Kin (Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)] 患者的亲属(父亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)• [Taximan] 出租车司机• [Traffic police] 交通警察

10、日期的表示方法

•2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002; ,2002)](美国)

•2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)] (英国)

11、住院类别的表示方法

• [Emergent (Emergency call)] 急诊• [Urgent] 危重• [Elective (General)] 一般（普通）

12、入院时病情的表示方法

• [Stable] 稳定 • [Unstable] 不稳定• [Relative stable] 相对稳定• [Critical (Imminent)] 危重• [Fair

(General)] 一般

第二章 主诉[Chief Complaint]

1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）

•症状+for+时间

如： [Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小时

•症状+of+时间

如： [Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration] 恶心呕吐3天

•症状+时间+in duration

如： [Headache 1 month in duration] 头痛1月

•时间+of+症状

如： [Two-day history of fever] 发热2天

2、常见症状

• [Fever] 发热

• [Pain] 疼痛

• [Edema] 水肿

• [Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)] 皮肤粘膜出血

• [Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath)] 呼吸困难

• [Cough and expectoration (Sputum• [Hemoptysis] 咯血

• [Cyanosis] 紫绀

• [Palpitation] 心悸

• [Chest discomfort] 胸闷

• [Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting] 恶心和呕吐

• [Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood)] 呕血

• [Hematochezia (Hemafecia)] 便血

• [Diarrhea] 腹泻

• [Constipation (Obstipation)] 便秘

• [Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness)] 眩晕

• [Jaundice (Icterus)] 黄疸

• [Convulsion] 惊厥

hlegm)] 咳嗽和咯痰

• [Disturbance of consciousness] 意识障碍

•••• [Hematuria] 血尿

[Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria] 尿频，尿急和尿痛

[Incontinence of urine] 尿失禁

[Retention of urine] 尿潴留

（1）发热的表示方法

• [Infective (Septic)fever] 感染性发热

• [Non-infective (Aseptic)fever] 非感染性发热

• [Dehydration (Inanition)fever] 脱水热

• [Drug fever] 药物热

• [Functional hypothermia] 功能性低热

• [Absorption fever] 吸收热

• [Central fever] 中枢性发热

• [Fever type] 热型

▲ [Continuous fever] 稽留热

▲ [Remittent fever] 驰张热

▲ [Intermittent fever] 间歇热

▲ [Undulant fever] 波状热

▲ [Recurrent fever] 回归热

▲ [Periodic fever] 周期热

▲ [Irregular fever] 不规则热

▲ [Ephemeral fever] 短暂热

▲ [Double peaked fever] 双峰热

• [Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO] 不明原因发热

• [Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)] 寒战

• [Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness)] 畏寒

• [Ultra-hyperpyrexia] 超高热

• [Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)] 高热

• [Moderate fever] 中度发热

• [Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature)] 低热

• [Become feverish (Have a temperature)] 发热

• [Crisis] 骤降

• [Lysis] 渐降

• [Typhoid fever] 伤寒热

• [Rheumatic fever] 风湿热

• [Cancerous fever] 癌性发热

• [Fervescence period] 升热期

• [Defervescence period] 退热期

• [Persistent febrile period] 持续发热期

（2）疼痛的表示方法

• [Backache (Back pain)] 背痛

• [Lumbago] 腰痛

• [Headache] 头痛

▲ [Vasomotor headache] 血管舒缩性头痛

▲[Post-traumatic headache] 创伤后头痛

▲[Migraine headache] 偏头痛

▲ [Cluster headache] 丛集性头痛

• [Chest pain] 胸痛

• [Precardial pain] 心前区痛

• [Retrosternal pain] 胸骨后痛

• [Abdominal pain (Stomachache)] 腹痛

• [Acrodynia (pain in limbs)] 肢体痛

• [Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)] 关节痛

• [Dull pain] 钝痛

• [Sharp pain] 锐痛

• [Twinge pain] 刺痛

• [Knife-like pain (Piercing pain)] 刀割（刺）样痛

• [Aching pain] 酸痛

• [Burning pain] 烧灼痛

• [Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain] 绞痛

• [Colic] 绞痛

• [Bursting pain] 胀痛（撕裂痛）

• [Hunger pain] 饥饿痛

• [Tic pain] 抽搐痛

• [Bearing-down pain] 坠痛

•••• [Shock-like pain] 电击样痛

[Jumping pain] 反跳痛

[Tenderness pain] 触痛（压痛）

[Girdle-like pain] 束带样痛

• [Wandering pain] 游走性痛

• [Throbbing pain] 搏动性痛

• [Radiating pain] 放射性痛

• [Cramping pain] 痉挛性痛

• [Boring pain] 钻痛

• [Intense pain] 剧痛

• [Writhing pain] 痛得打滚

• [Dragging pain] 牵引痛

• [Labor pain] 阵痛

• [Cancerous pain] 癌性疼痛

• [Referred pain] 牵涉痛

• [Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)] 持续性痛

• [Constant pain] 经常性痛

• [Intermittent pain] 间歇性痛

（3）水肿的表示方法

• [Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿

• [Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿

• [Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿

• [Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿

• [Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿

•••• [Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿

[Pitting] 凹陷性

[Nonpitting] 非凹陷性

[Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿

• [Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿

• [Hydrops] 积水

• [Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿

• [Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿

• [Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿

• [Hydrocephalus] 脑积水

• [Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿

• [Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿

• [Frank edema] 显性水肿

• [Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿

• [Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿

• [Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿

• [Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水

• [Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水

• [Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液

• [Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿

•••• [Slight (Mild)] 轻度

[Moderate] 中度

[Serious] 重度

[Transudate] 漏出液

• [Exudate] 渗出液

（4）呼吸困难的表示方法

• [Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难

• [Inspiratory] 吸气性

• [Expiratory] 呼气性

• [Mixed] 混合性

• [Obstructive] 梗阻性

• [Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难

• [Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难

• [Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难

• [Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难

• [Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸

• [Asthma] 哮喘

• [Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘

• [Bronchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘

• [Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快

• [Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸

• [Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促

• [Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢

• [Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸

（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法

• [Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点

• [Petechia] 瘀点

• [Eccymosis] 瘀斑

• [Purpura] 紫癜

• [Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血

• [Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血

• [Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱

• [Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄

• [Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿

（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法

• [Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳

• [Sharp cough] 剧咳

• [Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳

• [Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳

• [Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽

• [Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽

• [Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽

• [Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽

•••• [Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽

[Whooping cough] 百日咳

[Winter cough] 冬季咳

[Wheezing cough] 喘咳

• [Short cough] 短咳

• [Distressed cough] 难咳

• [Shallow cough] 浅咳

• [Droplet] 飞沫

• [Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰

• [Bloody sputum] 血痰

• [Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰

• [Purulent sputum] 脓痰

• [Mucopurulent sputum] 粘液脓性痰

• [White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿）痰

• [Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰

• [Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰

• [Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰

• [Thick sputum] 浓痰

• [Thin sputum] 淡痰

• [Viscous sputum] 粘痰

• [Transparent sputum] 透明痰

• [Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰

• [Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰

• [Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰

（7）内脏出血的表示方法

• [Goldstein’s hemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血

• [Massive hematemesis]大量呕血

• [Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄

• [Hematuria] 血尿

• [Initial hematuria] 初血尿

• [Idiopathic hematuria] 特发性血尿

• [Painless hematuria] 无痛性血尿

• [Terminal hematuria] 终末性血尿

• [Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿

• [Microscopic hematuria] 镜下血尿

• [Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿

• [Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙龈出血

• [Hematochezia] 便血

• [Bloody stool] 血便

• [Black stool (Melena)] 黑便

• [Tarry stool] 柏油样便

• [Bleeding following trauma] 外伤后出血

• [Spontaneous bleeding] 自发性出血

• [Bleeding Continuously] 持续出血

•••• [Occult blood,OB] 隐血

[Hematobilia] 胆道出血

[Hemathorax] 血胸

[Hemarthrosis] 关节积血

• [Hematocoelia] 腹腔积血

• [Hematoma] 血肿

• [Hemopericardium] 心包积血

• [Cerebral hemorrhage] 脑出血

• [Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛网膜下腔出血

• [Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月经量多伴血块

• [Mild (Moderate) menses] 月经量少（中等）

• [Painless Vaginal bleeding] 无痛性阴道出血

• [Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血

• [Pulsating bleeding] 搏动性出血

• [Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 术后伤口出血

• [Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血过多

（8）紫绀的表示方法

• [Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫绀

• [Enterogenous] 肠源性

• [Central] 中枢性

• [Peripheral] 周围性

• [Mixed] 混合性

• [Acrocyanosis] 指端紫绀

（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法

•••• [Vomiturition (Retching)] 干呕

[Feel nauseated] 恶心感

[Postprandial nausea] 饭后恶心

[Hiccup] 呃逆

• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸

• [Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting] 吐粪

• [undigested food Vomiting] 吐不消化食物

• [Bilious Vomiting] 吐胆汁

（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法

• [Moning diarrhea] 晨泻

• [Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水泻

• [Mucous diarrhea] 粘液泻

• [Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪泻

• [Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性）

• [Mild diarrhea] 轻度腹泻

• [Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea] 难治性腹泻

• [Protracted diarrhea] 迁延性腹泻

• [Bloody stool] 血梗

• [Frothy stool] 泡沫样便

• [Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形）便

•••• [Loose (Hard) stool] 稀（硬）便

[Rice-water stool] 米泔样便

[Undigested stool] 不消化便

[Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾样腹泻

• [Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎症性腹泻

• [Osmotic] 渗透性

• [Secretory] 分泌性

• [Malabsorption] 吸收不良性

• [Lienteric] 消化不良性

• [Pancreatic diarrhea] 胰性腹泻

• [Tenesmus] 里急后重

• [Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便

• [Have a call of nature] 便意

• [Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁

• [Functional constipation] 功能性便秘

• [Organic constipation] 器质性便秘

• [Habitual constipation] 习惯性便秘

• [Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘倾向

（11）黄疸的表示方法

• [Latent (occult) jaundice] 隐性黄疸

• [Clinical jaundice] 显性黄疸

• [Nuclear icterus] 核黄疸

• [Physiologic icterus] 生理性黄疸

• [Icterus simplex] 传染性黄疸

•••• [Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黄疸

[Hemolytic] 溶血性

[Hepatocellular] 肝细胞性

[Obstructive] 阻塞性

• [Congenital] 先天性

• [Familial] 家族性

• [Cholestatic] 胆汁淤积性

• [Hematogenous] 血源性

• [Malignant] 恶性

• [Painless] 无痛性

（12）意识障碍的表示方法

• [Somnolence] 嗜睡

• [Confusion] 意识模糊

• [Stupor] 昏睡

• [Coma] 昏迷

• [Delirium] 谵妄

• [Syncope (swoon; faint)] 晕厥

• [Drowsiness] 倦睡

（13）排尿的表示方法

• [Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遗尿

•••• [Anuria] 无尿

[Emiction interruption] 排尿中断

[Interruption of urinary stream] 尿线中断

[Nocturia] 夜尿

• [Oliguria] 少尿

• [Polyuria] 多尿

• [Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿

• [Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;

Pollakiuria)] 尿频

• [Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急

• [Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition; alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛

• [Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困难

• [Small urinary stream] 尿线细小

• [Void with a good stream] 排尿通畅

• [Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿

• [Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉

• [Residual urine] 残余尿

• [Extravasation of urine] 尿外渗

• [Stress incontinence] 压力性尿失禁

• [Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁

• [Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁

3．少见症状

• [Weekness( Debility; asthenia; debilitating)] 虚弱（无力）

• [Fatigue (Tire; lassitude)] 疲乏

•••• [Discomfort (Indisposition; malaise)] 不适

[Wasting (thin; underweight; emaciation; lean)] 消瘦

[Night sweating] 盗汗

[Sweat (Perspiration)] 出汗

• [Cold sweat] 冷汗

• [Pruritus (Iching)] 搔痒

• [Asthma] 气喘

• [Squeezing (Tightness; choking; pressing) sensation of the chest] 胸部紧缩

（压榨）感

• [Intermittent claudication] 间歇性跛行

• [Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing; acataposis)] 吞咽困难

• [Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort] 上腹部不适

• [Anorexia (Sitophobia)] 厌食

• [Poor appetite (Loss of appetite)] 纳差

• [Heart-burn( Pyrosis)] 胃灼热

• [Stomachache( Pain in stomach)] 胃部痛

• [Periumbilial pain] 脐周痛

• [Belching (Eructation)] 嗳气

• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸

• [Abdominal distention(bloating)] 腹胀

•••• [Pass gas( Break wink)] 肛门排气

[Small(Large) stool] 大便少（多）

[Expel(Pass) worms] 排虫

[Pain over the liver] 肝区痛

• [Lumbago] 腰痛

• [Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)] 异食癖

• [Dysmenorrhea] 痛经

• [Menoxenia (Irregular menstruation)] 月经不调

• [Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea)] 月经过频

• [Oligomenorrhea] 月经过少

• [Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia; menometrorrhagia; hypermenorrhea)] 经量过多

• [Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation)] 经量过少

• [Menopause (Menostasia; menostasis)] 绝经

• [Amenorrhea (Menoschesis)] 闭经

• [Leukorrhagia] 白带过多

• [Asexuality (lack of libido)] 无性欲

• [Hyposexuality] 性欲低下

• [Hypersexuality] 性欲亢进

• [Prospermia (Ejaculatio praecox)] 早泄

• [Impotency (impotence)] 阳萎

• [Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea)] 遗精

• [Lack of potency] 无性交能力

• [Hair loss] 脱发

• [Joint pain (Arthralgia; arthrodynia)] 关节痛

•••• [Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)] 多饮（烦渴）

[Polyphagia (Excessive appetite; hyperorexia; bulimia)] 多食

[Cold (Heat) intolerance] 怕冷（热）

[Dwarfism (Excessive height)] 身材矮小（高大）

• [Excessive sweating] 多汗

• [Hands tremble] 手抖

• [Obesity (Fatty)] 肥胖

• [Agitation (Anxiety;nervous irritability)] 焦虑（忧虑）

• [Mania] 躁狂

• [Hallucination] 幻觉

• [Aphasia (Logopathy)] 失语

• [Amnesia (Poor memorization;memory deterioration)] 记忆力下降

• [Hemianesthesia] 偏身麻木

• [Formication] 蚁走感

• [Tingling] 麻刺感

• [Hyperpathia] 痛觉过敏

• [Hypalgesia] 痛觉减退

• [Illusion] 错觉

• [Hemiplegia] 半身不遂

• [Insomnia (Poor sleepness;sleeplessness)] 失眠

•••• [Nightmare] 多梦

[Numbness] 麻木

[Pain in limbs (Acrodynia)] 肢体痛

[Limitation of motion] 活动受限

• [Tetany] 手足抽搐

• [Discharge of pus] 流脓

• [Blurred vision(Hazy vision;blurring of vision; dimness of vision)]视物模糊

• [Burning (Dry) sensation] 烧灼（干燥）感

• [Tearing (Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)] 流泪

• [Double vision (Diplopia)] 复视

• [Strabismus] 斜视

• [Hemianopia] 偏盲

• [Tired eyes (Eyestrain)] 眼疲劳

• [Foreign body sensation] 异物感

• [Lose the sight (Lose of vision)] 失明

• [Diminution of vision] 视力减退

• [Nictition] 眨眼

• [Ophthalmodynia (Eye-ache;ocular pain)] 眼痛

• [Photophobia] 畏光

• [Spots before the eyes] 眼前黑点

• [Deafness(Anacusia)] 耳聋

• [Auditory dysesthesia] 听力减退

• [Otalgia (Otodynia;pain in the ear ;ear-ache)] 耳痛

• [Stuffy feeling in the ear] 耳闭气

•••• [Tinnitus] 耳鸣

[Outophony] 自声过强

[Nasal obstruction (blockage)] 鼻塞

[Dryness of the nose] 鼻干燥

• [Rhinorrhea (Snivel;Nasal discharge)] 流鼻涕

• [Sneezing] 打喷嚏

• [Snoring] 打鼾

• [Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of smell)] 嗅觉减退

• [Anosmia (Complete loss of sense of smell)] 嗅觉丧失

• [Dysphonia] 发音困难

• [Hoarseness] 声嘶

• [Pain on swallowing] 吞咽痛

• [Saliva dribblies from the mouth] 流涎

• [Troaty voice] 声音沙哑

• [Stridor] 喘鸣

• [Red and swollen] 红肿

• [Scurf] 头皮屑

• [Show] 见红

• [Amniotic fluid escaped] 破水

• [Uterine contraction] 宫缩

• [Acalculia] 计算不能

• [Apathy] 情感淡漠

• [Delusion] 妄想

第三章 现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]

现病史书写的重点包括：

一、主诉中症状的详细描述；

二、疾病的发展过程；

三、诊疗经过；

四、目前的一般情况。

1、诱因

•无诱因下[With no inducing factors]

•无明显诱因下[Under no obvious predisposing causes]

•感冒一周后[After getting (catching) common cold for 1 week]

2、症状出现的叙述

•有……症状

▲suffer from

▲ have an attack of

▲ have(fell)

▲ begin to fell

▲ a feeling (sensation) of……

▲ complain (of)

▲ ……sensation (feeling) in (of) ……

▲ [发热]have a temperature (become feverish)

•在……情况下发生

▲ 活动时呼吸困难[dyspnea on exertion]

▲ 躺下后即出现咳嗽[Cough occurs soon after lying]

•与……有（无）关

▲ 与……有关[be associated with]

▲ 与……有关[have (make) relation to]

▲ 与……无关[have (make)no relation to]

•在……情况下加重（减轻）

▲ 餐后加重[become worse after taking meals]

▲ 站立后缓解[be relieved by standing up]

▲ 随呼吸和咳嗽而加重[become more severe with breathing and cough]

•伴有……

▲ be accompanied by

3、起病方式

•急性腹痛[acute abdominal pain]

•慢性低热[chronic lower fever]

•暴发性发病[the onset was fulminating]

•骤起胸痛[an explosive onset of chest pain]

•突然起病伴高热[the onset was sudden with high fever]

•突发突止[attacks began and ended abruptly]

•因……而突然起病[the attack is precipitated by……]

•很快发生晕厥[syncope occured rapidly]

•逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰[gradual onset of cough and sputum]

•偶而[occasionally (sporadically, accidentally)]

•反复胸闷心悸[recurrent (bouts of) chest discomfort and palpitation]

•一过性发作[transitory attack]

•连续胸痛[chest pain continually]

•时重时轻[waned and waxed]

•时好时坏[hang in the balance]

•不停地咳嗽[have a fit of cough]

•发作性呼吸困难[paroxysmal short of breath]

••••频繁咳嗽[cough frequently (very often)]

持续性（间歇性）[persistent (intermittent)]

频发胸痛[frequent episodes of chest pain]

持续不变[be steady]

4、病情变化描述

•[症状好转] ▲fell better than before

▲take a favorable turn

▲take a turn for the better

▲improve

▲make favorable progress

▲turn for the better

▲change for the better

▲be better

•[症状减轻] ▲alleviate

▲reduce

▲palliate

▲diminish

▲ease(lighten)

▲mitigate

•[症状消失] ▲disappear

▲subside

▲regress

▲clear up

▲vanish

▲dissolve

▲die (fade) away

▲relieve

•[症状加重] ▲be (make,become,get) worse

▲worsen

▲become more severe

▲take a turn for the worse

▲be aggravated

▲increase in severity

▲take a bad turn

▲make (become) more serious

▲make (become) heavier

•[无变化] ▲remain the same as……

▲continue without change

▲be identical

▲be alike

▲be similar

▲resemble

•[时好时坏] ▲wane and wax

▲hang in the balance

•[体温/血压升降]

▲ 升至[rise (go up) to ]

▲ 已升至[have risen (gone up) to ]

▲ 从……升至……[go up from …… to……]

▲ 升至[be elevated to]

▲ 迅速下降[fall (decline, abate) abruptly]

▲ 骤降（升）[sudden drop (elevation)]

▲ 渐降（升）[fall (elevate) gradually]

▲ 缓慢下降[slow crisis (lysis) of ]

▲ 一天天下降[be (become) lower day by day]

▲ 开始降低[begin to remit]

▲ 降至正常[drop (was reduced) to normal]

▲ 已降至[have gone down (dropped) to]

▲ 回复到正常[return (revert) to normal]

▲ 由……降（升）至……[fall (elevate) from……to……]

▲ 维持在……水平[maintain at a level of……]

▲ 稳定在……[stabilize at……]

▲ 热退了[fever disappeared]

▲ 不超过[do not go up over (exceed)……]

▲ 在……和……之间波动[fluctuate (vary) between……

and……]

▲ 在……至……范围内[range from……to……]

▲ 平均38.5℃[an average temperature of 38.5℃]

▲ 有39.2℃的体温[have fever (a temperature) of 39.2℃]

5、症状的时间表示

•持续 ▲lasted for 2 days

▲have gone on for 1 month

▲have continued for 10 hours

▲lasted on the average 3-5 hours

▲lasted a variable time from 5 minutes to several hours

▲lasted about half an hour

•超过（不到）[move than (less than)]

•……以前[two years ago]

•多在……时发生[usually between 3 and 5 PM]

•未发作过[be free of onsets (attacks) for 2 weeks]

6、症状的严重程度

•轻度[mild (slight)]

•中度[moderate]

•重度[severe (serious)]

7、症状的其他描述方法

•[部位] ▲be located (situated) in (over)[位于]

▲There is localized pain in……[疼痛位于]

▲near……[在……附近]

▲be localized to (in, over)[局限于]

▲be limited (confined) to[局限于]

•[表示部位的介词]

▲心尖部，表示小的部位或点[at the apex]

▲上腹部，表示大的部位[in the upper abdomen]

▲在左下肢，表示皮肤表面上（下）的病变[on (beneath) the

left lower limb]

▲在右肺，表示正上方的相应体表部位[over the right lung]

▲嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置关系[above (below)

the mouth]

▲左乳皮下[under the skin of the left breast]

•[转移/放射]

▲转移到……[shift (migrate) to……]

▲放射到……[radiate (travel,go,refer)to……]

从……放射到……[radiate from……to……]

第三章 现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]

•[耳鼻咽喉及口腔症状]

▲耳痛[otalgia (pain of ears)]

▲耳鸣[tinnitus (ears ring)]

▲耳鸣[a buzzing (ringing,singing) in the ears]

▲左耳有耳鸣感[a buzzing sensation in the left ear]

▲耳聋[deafness (loss in hearing)]

▲左耳聋[be deaf of the left ear]

▲耳流脓[otorrhea (otopyorrhea)]

▲耳出血[otorrhagia]

▲耳垢[cerumen (earwax)]

▲耳血肿[othematoma]

▲鼻塞[nasal obstruction]

▲不能用鼻呼吸[be unable to breathe through (by) the nose

(nasal dyspnea)]

▲打喷涕和流涕[sneezing and nasal discharge]

▲水样鼻涕[watery rhinorrhea]

▲鼻出血[nosebleed]

▲咽喉痛[sore throat]

▲口吃[stuttering]

▲口臭[ozostomia (saburra,halitosis)]

▲张口困难[difficult (inability) to open the mouth]

▲张口（吞咽、嚼）困难[difficult in opening the mouth

(swallowing，masticating)]

▲咽下困难[dysphagia]

▲流涎多[have excessive salvation]

•[眼科及牙科症状]

▲眼睑浮肿[eyelid edema]

▲眼痛[pain in the eyes]

▲视边模糊[blurring of vision (blurred vision)]

▲过度流泪[excessive tearing (watering)]

▲视疲劳[asthenopia (visional tired)]

▲视力减退[hypopsia (diminution of vision)]

▲视力衰弱[ophthalmocopia]

▲远（近）视力模糊[indistinct distant (near) vision]

▲失明[loss of vision]

▲搏动性牙痛[throbbing pain of tooth (odontalgia)]

▲牙龈出血[gingival bleeding]

▲牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atrophy(hypertrophy)]

▲牙周溢脓[peripyema]

•[妇产科症状]

▲月经过多[excessive menstrual flow (menorrhagia)]

▲月经多并伴血块[experience menorrhagia with passage of

clots]

▲经量少（中等、多）[mild (moderate,heavy) menses]

▲月经过少[hypomenorrhea]

▲阴道出血[vaginal bleeding(colporrhagia)]

▲阴道大出血[massive (profuse) vaginal bleeding]

▲无痛性（性交后）阴道出血[painless(postcoital) vaginal

bleeding]

▲阴道干燥[colpoxerosis]

▲月经规则（不规则）[rugular (irregular) menstrual cycle]

▲月经周期26天，持续4天[menstrual periods of 26 days and

lasted 4 days]

▲白带增多[leukorrhagia (profuse leukorrhea or whites)]

▲外阴搔痒[pruritus of vulva]

▲外阴湿疹（白斑）[eczema (leukoplakia) of vulva]

▲绝经[amenorrhea]

▲停经[menopause]

▲停经3年[3 years post menopausal]

▲50岁停经[Passed menopause at age 50]

▲经前（期）痛[pain before (during) the flow]

▲预产期[expected date of confinement]

▲见红和破水[show and amniotic fluid escaped (rupture of

membranes)]

▲羊水过多（少）[polyhydramnios (oligohydramnios)]

▲月经期水肿[menstrual edema]

▲月经失调[menstrual disorder]

▲性欲正常（减退）[normal(decreased) libido]

▲无性欲[loss of libido]

▲性功能障碍[sexual disorder]

▲性变态[paraphilia]

▲性要求高（低）[be oversexed(undersexed)]

▲性感不快[dypareunia]

▲性欲亢进（减退）[hypersexuality (hyposexuality)]

▲产程[stage of labor]

▲产程延长[prolonged labor]

▲产道裂伤（损伤）[laceration (injury) of birth canal]

▲产后腹痛（出血，尿潴留，子痫）[postpartum tormina

(hemorrhage,retention of urine, eclampsia)]

▲产前出血[antepartum hemorrhage]

▲产前子痫[prenatal eclampsia]

▲产前检查[prenatal examination]

▲产褥热[puerperal fever]

▲产褥期护理[pureperal care]

▲妊娠呕吐[vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)]

▲妊娠反应[pregnancy reaction]

▲妊娠高血压（水肿）[gestation hypertension (edema)]

•[病程中的一般情况]

▲一般情况尚可（一般、差）[general condition is fair (ordinary, bad)]

▲胃纳佳（差）[have a good (poor) appetite]

▲过度进食[eat too much (overeat, eat heavily)]

▲过少进食[eat poorly (take little food)]

▲无食欲[have no appetite]

▲食欲减退[appetite decreases]

▲口渴[feel thirsty]

▲大量饮水[drink water generously]

▲体重增加[gain in weight]

▲体重增加8公斤[a 8 kilograms weight gain (gain 8 kilograms)]

▲体重减轻[loss of weight (weight loss)]

▲体重稳定不变[body weight is stable (unchanged, maintained)]

▲睡眠障碍[somnipathy]

▲睡眠不足[lack (want) of sleep]

▲不易入睡[have trouble getting to sleep]

▲容易入睡[fall into a sleep very easily]

▲睡眠过度[hypersomnia]

▲睡行症[sleep walking]

▲嗜（贪）睡[somnolence (be fond of sleep)]

▲夜晚因……而易醒[easily wakened at night because of……]

▲失眠[have insomnia]

▲睡眠差（好）[sleep is poor (good)]

▲消化不良[dyspepsia (have bad digestion)]

▲大（小）便通畅[stool (urination) is easy and smooth(unobstructed, clear)]

▲每日2次大便[have two stools daily]

▲含粘液的水样便[watery stools coutaining mucus]

▲便秘（腹泻）[constipation (diarrhea)]

▲排尿困难[difficulty in micturition]

▲尿频（急）[frequency(urgency) of micturition]

▲尿痛[micturition pain]

▲少尿（无尿、多尿）[oliguria (anuria, polyuria)]

▲大便失禁[fecal incontinence]

▲小便失禁[incontinence of urine]

▲精神不振[lassitude]

▲精神紧张（抑郁）[mental stress (depression)]

▲精神混乱[confusion]

▲精神失常[amentia (mental state is bad)]

▲精神状态正常[orthophrenia (mental state is good)]

▲体力旺盛（不足，正常）[hypersthenia (hyposthenia, euthesia)]

第四章 过去史、系统回顾和个人史

（Past history, systems review and personal history）

1、过去史[past history]

•无药物（食物）过敏史[no past history of allergy to drugs (food )]

•有青霉素过敏史[have allergic history of pencillin]

•有肺结核接触史[there was contact histoy of lung tuberculosis]

•2000年6月因急性阑尾切除术[Appendectomy was done in June, 2000 due to acute appendicitis]

•健康状况佳（差）[health state was good (bad)]

•既往体健[be well (healthy) before]

•否认既往心、肺疾病史[deny any history of prior heart and lung disease]

•10岁时（20年前）曾患过……[suffered from…… at age 10(20 years ago)]

•易患……[be liable (subjuct, apt) to……]

•不详[not in detail (not quite clear)]

•外伤史[rtauma history]

•预防接种史[history of preventive inoculation]

2、系统回顾[system review]

•呼吸系统：咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、胸痛、盗汗、发热[respiratory system: cough, sputum, short of breath,

chest pain, night sweeting, fever.]

•循环系统：心悸、胸痛、气促、咳嗽和咯血、水肿、晕厥、头晕[Circulatory system: palpitation, chest pain,

short of breath, cough and hemoptysis, edema, syncope, dizziness.]

•消化系统：嗳气、返酸、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐[alimentary system: belching, sour regurgitation,

abdominal distension, abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.]

•泌尿系统：排尿困难、尿频和尿急、尿痛、腹痛、水肿[urinary system: difficulty in micturition, frequency

and rugency of micturition, painful micturition, abdominal pain, edema.]

•造血系统：乏力、头晕、心悸、出血[hematopoietic system:fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, bleeding.]

•内分泌系统：心悸、怕热、多汗、烦渴、水肿、手抖、消瘦和肥胖[endocrine system: palpitation, heat

intolerance, excessive sweeting, polydipsia, edema, hand tremble, wasting and obesity.]

•神经系统：头痛、晕厥、头晕和眩晕、失眠、偏瘫、失语[nervous system: headache, coma, dizziness and

vertigo, insomnia, hemiplegia, aphasia.]

•运动系统：关节痛、麻木、跛行、瘫痪[motor system: joint pain, numbness, claudication, paralysis.]

3、个人史[personal history]

•出生于（出生地）[was born in (birthplace)]

•出生后一直生活[have lived in……(there) since birth]

•曾（未曾）去过北方[have (deny having) been to the north]

•受教育程度（文盲、小学、中学、大学）[educational level (illiterate, primary, middle, high grade)]

•业余爱好[hobby (be fond of, be keen of, interest)]

•从事……职业[be engaged in]

•卫生习惯和嗜好[health habit and special addiction]

•不洁性交（性行为）史[history of unclean coitus (sexual behavior)]

•不吸烟[ no smoking(not a smoker)]

•吸烟20年，每天2包[have smoked two packages of cigarette a day for 20 years]

•戒烟[give up (stop) smoking]

•戒烟[smoking abstinence (withdrawal)]

•不饮酒[no alcohol use]

••••偶而少量饮酒[drink little liquor occasionally]

过度饮酒[drink heavily (too much)]

每天饮酒0.5公斤[drink (imbibe) about 0.5 kilogram a day]

酒精性饮料[alcoholic beverage]

•偏食[food preference (particular with food)]

•无偏食[no likes or dislikes in food]

•偏爱……[have partiality for (showe favoritism to, be partial to, like)]

第五章 月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史

Menstrual, marrital and childbearing history and family history]

1、月经史[menstrual history]

•初潮年龄[age of menarche]

•月经周期[menstrual cycle]

•行经期[menstrual period]

•未次月经时间[last menstrual period (LMP)]

•闭经年龄[age of menostasis]

•白带过多[profuse leukorrhea (whites)]

•月经过多[menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea, menometrorrhagia)]

••••月经过少[hypomenorrhea (scantymenstruation)]

月经过频[polymenorrhea]

月经稀发[oligomenorrhea]

月经不调[menoxenia (irregular menses, menstrual disorder)]

•月经正常[eumenorrhea (regular menses)]

•经前水肿（疼痛）[premenstrual edema (pain)]

•经量少（中、大）量[mild (moderate, heavy) meustrual blood]

•痛经[dysmenorrhea (pain during the flow)]

•36岁就停经了[pass the menopause at age 36]

2、婚姻史[marrital history]

•未婚（已婚）[single (married)]

•结婚年龄[age of wedding]

•配偶的健康状况[health status of partner (spouse)]

•性生活和谐（不和谐）[sexual life is harmonious (disorder)]

•夫妻关系和睦（不和睦）[relation of husband and wife is amicable (hostile)]

•近亲（非近亲）结婚[consanguineous (nonconsanguineous) marriage]

3、生育史[childbearing history]

•妊娠（生育）次数和年龄[times and age of pregnancy (childbearing)]

•怀孕和生产次数[pregnancies and labors]

•人工（自然）流产次数[times of induced (spontaneous) abortion (miscarriage)]

••••流产 [miscarriage(abortion)]

死胎（产）[dead fetus (birth)]

割腹产[caesarean birth (be born by caesarean section)]

子女数[number of children]

•早产（儿）[premature birth (bady)]

•足月产[term labor]

•产褥热（感染）[puerperal fever (infection)]

•计划生育[family planning (birth control)]

•用避孕环（药、油膏、套、栓）避孕[contraception by intrauterine ring (contraceptives, ointment, condom,

supposity)]

•节育手术[contraceptive operation]

•自然分娩[be delivered normally and spontaneously(spontaneous labor)]

•产钳分免[forceps delivery(be delivered by forceps)

•产前（后）子痫[antepartum(postpartum) eclampsia]

•出生时3.5公斤重，48厘米高[3.5 kilograms and 48cm in height at birth]

•母乳喂养[breast feeding (be fed at breast)]

•人工喂养[artificial feeding]

•发育正常[normal development]

•发育异常(停顿、缺陷、畸形)[developmental anomaly(arrest,defect,deformity)]

•发育迟缓（过渡）[hypoevolutism(hypergenesis)]

4、家庭史[family history]

•父母（兄弟，姐妹和儿女）的健康状况和疾病情况[health status and illness

of parents (brothers,sisters and children)]

•同样疾病[the same sickness]

••••遗传疾病[heredopathia (genetic disease)]

遗传特征[hereditary feature]

死因[cause of death]

健康[be healthy (be in good healthy)]

•健在[be living and well]

•无……家族史[no family history of ……]

•死于……[die of……]

第六章 体检（一般项目）[Physical examination(general items)]

•视诊[inspection]

•触诊[palpation]

•叩诊[percussion]

•听诊[auscultation]

•嗅诊[olfactory examination]

••••浅（深）触诊法[light (deep) palpation]

深部滑行（深压，双手，冲击）触诊法[deep slipping (deep press,bimanual,ballottement]

间接（直接）叩诊[indirect (direct) percussion]

叩诊音（过清音，清音，浊音，鼓音，实音）[percussion sound

(hyperresonance,resonance,dullness,tympany,flatness)]

•用钟（膜）型胸件听诊[with the bell (diaphragmatic) chestpiece ]

1、体温[temperature, T]

•口（腋、肛）温[oral (axillary, rectal) temperature]

•经口（腋、肛）测的温度[per mouth (axilla, rectum)]

•摄氏与华氏换算[Centigrade VS Fahrenheit]

℃=5/9(?H-32)

H=9/5℃+32

℃～?H ℃～?H

36.5～97.7 38.5～101.3

37.0～98.6 38.9～102.0

37.2～99.0 39.0～102.2

37.5～99.5 39.4～103.0

37.8～100 40.0～104.0

38.0～100.4 40.5～104.9

38.3～101.0 41.0～105.8

•37.5℃.orally(99.5?H)[口温摄氏37.5度（华氏99.5度）]

2、脉搏[pulse, P]

•脉率72次/分[pulse 72 beats per minute(P 72 bpm)]

•搏动存在（消失）[pulse are present (absent)]

•速（缓）脉[fast (slow) pulse]

•洪（细丝）脉[bounding (small, thready) pulse]

•水冲脉[water hammer pulse]

•交替脉[alternating pulse]

•奇脉[paradoxical]

•二联（三联）脉[bigeminal (trigeminal) pulse]

•重脉[dicrotic pulse]

•间歇脉[intermittent pulse]

•陷落脉[collapsing]

•不规则（规则）脉[irregular(regular) pulse]

3、呼吸[respiration, R]

•呼吸频率[respiratory rate (RR)]

•呼吸频率19次/分[RR 19 beats/min (R 19 bpm)]

•规则（不规则）呼吸[regular (irregular) breathing]

•呼吸均匀[eupnea]

•呼吸急促（缓慢）[repid (slow) breathing]

•呼吸停止（中断）[pausal (interrupted) breathing]

••••呼吸骤停[breath arrest]

深（浅）呼吸[deep (superficial) breathing]

呼吸困难[dyspna (short of breath)]

呼吸费力[labored breathing]

•胸（腹）式呼吸[thoracic (abdominal) breathing]

•张口呼吸[mouth (buccal) breathing]

•周期性呼吸[periodic respiration]

•库斯毛氏呼吸[Kussmaul`s respiration]

•陈-施（潮式）呼吸[Cheyne-Stokes (tidal) respiration]

•间歇呼吸[Biot`s breathing]

•叹息样（胎儿,鼾样）呼吸[sighing (fetal, stertorous) respiration]

•口臭[have foul (fetid) breath (halitosis)]

•酮味呼吸[a smell of ketone]

•静息下（活动时）气促[dyspnea at rest (on exertion)]

•丙酮（氨臭，蒜臭）味[acetone (ammoniacal, alliaceous) odor]

•肝臭[hepaticus fetor]

•腋臭[bromidrosis]

4、血压[blood pressure, BP]

•收缩（舒张）压[systolic (diastolic) blood pressure]

•血压20/12千帕（150/90毫米汞柱）[BP 20/12 kPa(150/90mmHg)]

1kPa=7.5mmHg (1mmHg=0.1333kPa)

•血压为收缩压20，舒张压12千帕[Bp is 20 over 12 (Bp is 20 systolic and 12 diastolic)]

•测量血压[take (measure, check ) Bp]

•坐（卧）位血压[sitting (lying) Bp]

••••无创（有创）血压[non-invasive (invasive) Bp]

脉压[pulse pressure]

血压测不出[Bp is unavailable (unobtained)]

左臂（右臂）血压[Bp in left (right) arm]

•双下肢血压[Bp in both lower limbs]

•袖带[cuff]

5、体位[position]

•主动（被动、强迫）体位[active (passive, forced ) position]

•立（坐、卧）位[upright (sitting, dorsal) position]

•仰卧（俯卧）位[supine (prone) position]

•左（右）侧卧位[left (right) lateral (decubitus) position]

•蜷腿位[coiled position]

•半卧位[semi-reclining (semi-recumbent) position]

•端坐位[orthopnea position]

•胸膝（膝肘）位[knee-chest (knee-elbow) position]

•截石（分娩）位[dorsosacral (obstetric) position]

•角弓反张位[opisthotonus position]

•强迫蹲位[compulsive squattin]

•辗转体位[alternative position]

•头高（低）脚低（高）位[high (low) head and low(high) legs]

6、神志和意识[consciousness and mind]

•清醒（半清醒的）[alert (semi-conscious)]

•昏迷（半昏迷）的[comatose (semi-comatose)]

•无精打采的[listless]

•思睡的[somnolent (drowsy, sleepy)]

•昏睡的[lethargic]

•焦虑不安的[anxious (restless, apprehensive)]

•激动的[excited (irritable)]

•精神错乱的[confused]

•意识障碍[distrubance of consciousness]

•谵妄[delirium]

•抽搐[convulsion]

•木僵的[stuporous]

•合作佳（欠佳、差）[cooperation is good (not good enough, bad)]

•反应迟钝[have a dull reaction]

•有（无）定向力[be oriented (disoriented)]

•朦胧状态[be in a mist tent]

•神志模糊[blurred (dim, vague) mind]

•失去知觉[loss consciousness(unconsciousness)]

•对疼痛刺激的反应[reaction to painful stimuli]

7、面容[facial features]

•呈急（慢）性面容[be in acute (chronic) distress]

•病然面容[critical facies]

•濒死面容[hippocratic facies]

••••苦笑面容[sardonic facies]

表情不安 [anxious (distressing) expression]

神情憔悴[ haggard expression]

贫血（肾病、肝病）面容[anemic (nephrotic, hepatic) facies]

•二尖瓣（伤寒）面容[mitral (typhoid) facies]

•满月（面具）面容[moon (masked) facies]

•肢端肥大症面容[acromegaly facies]

•甲亢（粘液性水肿）面容[hyperthyroid (myxedema) facies]

•老年貌[senile feature]

•颜面潮红（苍白）[reddy (pale) facies]

•面色红润[florid facies]

8、发育[development]

•身高[body height (length)]

•身材（高大、矮小）[stature (tall, dwarf)]

•体格（强壮、脆弱）[physique (strong, weak)]

•青春期[adolescent spurt]

•体型[habitus]

▲无力（乏力、超力）型[asthenic (ortho-sthenic, sthenic) type]

▲巨人症（重体侏儒症、奄人症）[gigantism (pituitary dwarfism, eunuochism)]

▲运动员体型[athletic type]

▲矮胖（瘦长）型[stocky (lanky) type]

•一位发育良好（中等）的病人[a well (middle)-developed patient]

•发育不良（异常）[hypoplasia (dysplasia)]

•身高171厘米[177cm in height]

9、营养[nutrition]

•营养良好（中等、不良）[well (middle, under)-nourished]

•良好、不良，中等[well (poorly, fairly)]

•肥胖[obesity (overweight,fat)]

•消瘦[emaciation (underweight, thin, lean)]

•恶液质[cachexia]

•水牛背[buffalo hump]

10、姿势与步态[posture and gait]

•共济失调步态[ataxic (incoordination) gait]

•剪刀步态[scissors gait]

•慌张步态[festinating gait]

•跨域步态[steppage gait]

•摇摆步态[swaying gait]

•蹒跚步态[reeling (staggering, waddling) gait]

•闭目难立征[Romberg`s sign]

•间歇性跛行[intermittent claudication]

11、皮肤与粘膜[skin and mucosa]

▲颜色[color]

▲苍白（红色、暗红、潮红、粉红色）[pallor (redness, dusky redness, flush, pinky)]

▲显得苍白[be (look) pale]

▲紫绀（手足发绀）[cyanosis (acrocyanosis)]

▲黄疸（黄染）[jaundice (stained yellow)]

▲黑色素[melanin]

▲色素沉着过多（减退）[hyper pigmentation (depigmentation)]

▲色素沉着增加(减少)[pigmentation increase（decrease）]

▲白癜（白斑）[vitiligo (leukoplakia)]

▲雀斑（老年斑）[fleck (senile plague)]

▲紫（妊娠）纹[purple (pregnant) striae]

▲多血症[be plethoric]

▲重度（中度、轻度）紫绀[be severely (moderately, slightly) cyanosis]

•湿度与弹性[moisture and elasticity]

▲干燥（湿润）的[dry (moist)]

▲湿冷[cold moist]

▲冷（暖、热）[cool (warm, hot)]

▲光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (rough)]

▲光亮的[shing]

▲紧张（松弛）的[taut (loose)]

▲软（硬）[soft (hard)]

▲鳞状（皱纹）的[scaly (wrinkling)]

▲有（无）弹性的[elastic (inelastic)]

▲萎缩（肥厚）的[atrophic (hypertrophic)]

▲皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]

▲全身（局限）性水肿[anasarca (localized edema)]

▲凹陷性（非凹陷性）水肿（加重、减轻、消退）[pitting (non-pitting) edema (increase, decrease, subside)]

•皮损[skin lesions]

▲皮疹[skin eruption]

▲斑疹[maculae]

▲玟瑰疹[roseola (rose spots)]

▲丘疹[papule]

▲斑丘疹[maculopapule]

▲风疹[rubella]

▲疱疹[belbs]

▲斑片[patch]

▲斑块[plaque]

▲荨麻疹[urticaria (hives)]

▲脱皮（屑）[desquamation (excoriation)]

▲蜘蛛痣[spider angioma]

▲皮下小结[subcutaneous nodules]

▲瘢痕[scar]

▲痱子[sudamen]

▲水（血、脓）疱[water (blood, pus ) bpister]

▲小（大）水疱[vesicle (bulla)]

▲单纯疱疹[herpes simplex]

▲风团（囊肿、肿瘤）[wheal (cyst, tumor)]

▲皮屑（鳞屑）[furfur (scale)]

▲结痂（焦痂）[crust (eschar)]

▲溃疡（糜烂、皱裂）[ulcer (erosion, fissure)]

▲肝掌（朱砂掌）[liver (erythema) palms]

▲黄褐斑[chloasma]

▲环形红斑[circinate erythema]

▲黑痣[pigmented nevas]

▲胎记[birthmark]

▲疣（鸡眼）[werruca (clavus)]

▲冻疮[pernio]

▲褥疮[bedsore (decubitus)]

▲渗液[exudate]

•出血[bleeding]

▲瘀点[petechia]

▲紫癜[purpura]

▲瘀斑[ecchymosis]

▲血肿[hematoma]

▲片状出血[splinter hemorrhage]

▲渗血[oozing of the blood]

▲压之褪色[blanch on pressure]

12、头发与指甲[hair and nail]

•头发（稀疏、浓密、秃头）的[hair (sparse, dense, bald)]

•头皮[scalp]

•粗（细）[coarse (fine)]

•密（疏）[thick (thin)]

•干性（油性）[dry (oily)]

•有（无）光泽的[lustrous (lusterless)]

•多（少、无）毛[hairy (oligotrichosis, hairless)]

•脱发（斑秃、全秃）[hair loss (alopecia areata, baldness)]

•眉毛（阴毛、腋毛）稀少（过多）[scant (excessive) eyebrows (public hair, axillary hair)]

•体毛（胡须）[body hair(beard) ]

•全身性多毛症[hypertrichosis universalis]

•毛发的性状和分布[quality and distribution of the hair]

•甲变形（匙状甲）[deformities of nail (spoonnail)]

•薄（脆）甲[thin (brittle) nail]

•甲脱落[ongchoptosis]

13、浅表淋巴结[superficial lymph nodes]

•浅表淋巴结未扪及[be no palpable superficial lymph nodes (…can not be palpated)]

•淋巴结肿大[enlarged lymph nodes (lymphnode enlargement)]

•部位[site]

▲全身（局部）[general (local)]

▲耳前（后）淋巴结[pre(post)-auricular nodes]

▲枕后淋巴结[occipital nodes]

▲颏下淋巴结[submental nodes]

▲下颌淋巴结[submaxillary nodes]

▲颈前（后）淋巴结[anterior (posterior) cervical nodes]

▲ 锁骨上淋巴结[supraclavicular nodes]

▲滑车上淋巴结[epitrochlear nodes]

▲腋窝上（内侧，前，后，外侧）淋巴结[axillary top (medial,anterior,posterior,lateral)]

▲腹股沟淋巴结（横组，纵组）[inguinal nodes (transverse group,longitudinal group) lymphnode]

•大小[size]

▲4×2cm大小[4 by 2 cm in diameter (size)]

▲米粒（豌豆，核桃，小指，拇指，拳头，手掌，鸡蛋）大小[size of a rice grain

(pea,walnut,small,ringer,thumb,fist,palm,hen’s egg)]

▲针头大小[pinhead size]

▲苹果大小[size of an apple]

▲小孩头（成人大小）[size of a infant’s(man’s) head]

•形态[shape]

▲不规则[irregular]

▲结节（颗粒、纺锤）状的[tuberous (granular,spindle-shaped)]

▲光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (coarse)]

▲平坦（凹凸不平）的[flat (uneven)]

▲球（椭园，卵园，园）形的[globular (elliptical,oval,circular)]

•硬度和活动度[hardness and mobility]

▲硬（软）[hard (soft)]

▲石头（骨）样硬[of stone-like (bone-like)]

▲可活动（固定）的[movable (fixed)]

▲与周围组织（结构）固定[be fixed to the surrounding tissues (structures)]

▲压痛[tenderness]

▲融合（粘连）[fusion (adhesion)]

▲肿胀（疤痕）[swelling (fistula)]

1、头颅[cranium,skull]

•头颅变形[deforming skull]

•头形（围）[head contour (circumference)]

•小颅（尖颅，巨颅）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]

•长（短）头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]

•方（塔）颅[squared (tower) skull]

•落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]

•颅缝[cranial suture]

•前（后）囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]

•囟门膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]

•囟门晚（早）闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]

2、眼球[eyeball]

•眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]

•眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]

•眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]

••••眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]

眼距增宽（变窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]

眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]

眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]

•眼球震颤[nystagmus]

•眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]

•眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]

•假眼[ocular prosthesis]

•眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]

3、眼睑[eyelids]

•睑内（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]

•流泪[lacrimation]

•上睑下垂[ptosis]

•眼睑痉挛（松驰）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]

•眼睑水肿（红肿）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]

•瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]

•瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]

•眼裂缩小（增宽）[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]

•眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]

•泪囊[lacrimal sac ]

•睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]

•压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]

•皱眉（皱额，闭目）[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]

4、结膜[conjunctive]

•结膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]

•充血[congestion]

•红（白）[redness (pallor)]

•球结膜水肿[chemosis]

•结膜滤泡（滤泡增生）[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]

•沙眼[trachoma]

•胬肉[pterygium]

•水样（脓性）分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]

5、角膜和巩膜[cornea and sclerae]

•角膜反射[corneal reflexes]

•角膜混浊[cornea opacity]

•透明（不透明）的[transparent (opaque)]

•异物[foreign body]

•老年环[arcus senilis]

•溃疡（穿孔）[ulcer (perferation)]

•黄染（无黄染）[stained yellow (anicteric)]

6、瞳孔[pupil]

•右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]

•左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]

•2mm大小[2mm in size]

••••等大等园[be equal and round ]

瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]

固定[fixed]

瞳孔缩小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]

•瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]

•瞳孔畸形（闭锁）[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]

•直接（间接）对光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]

•瞳孔对光反射（佳）（差）[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]

•对光反射存在[retain light reflexes]

•调节反射[accommodation reflex]

•辐辏反射[convergence reflex]

7、视力和视野[Vision and Visual fields]

•视力模糊（减退，差）[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]

•弱视[amblyopia]

•复视[double vision (diplopia)]

•斜视[strabismus]

•麻痹性斜视[paralytic squint]

•偏盲[hemiscotosis]

•失明[amaurosis (blindness)]

•夜盲[night blindness]

••••色盲[color blindness]

全色盲[achromatopsia]

绿（蓝）色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]

红-绿色盲[red-green blindness]

•色弱[color weakness]

•远视[far-sightedness (far ?Csighted,hyeropia)]

•近视[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]

•右（左）眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]

•左（右）眼视力[OS(OD) vision]

•视野完整[full (intact) visual fields]

•象限视野缺损[tetarfanopia]

•单侧（双颞侧）缺损[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]

•视野缺损[visual field defect]

•视野缩小[contraction of visual field]

8、眼底和眼压[fundus and intraocular pressure]

•眼底镜检查[fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)]

•眼底清晰[fundi are clear]

•小动脉（小静脉）[arteriole (venule)]

•小动脉狭窄[narrow arteriole]

•小动脉硬化[arteriolosclerosis]

•微动脉瘤[microaneurysm]

•动静脉压迹[A-V nicking]

•点状（头焰样）出血[punctate (flame) hemorrhage]

•视乳头色素沉着[pigmentation of disc (retina)]

••••视神经乳头（视神经）水肿[papilledema (papilloedema)]

视乳头凹陷（苍白）[excavation (pallor) of optic disc]

视网膜出血（水肿，渗出）[retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)]

视网膜色素变性[pigmentary degeneration of retina]

•视网膜剥离[retinodialysis]

•视网膜变性（损伤）[retinal degeneration (injury)]

•测眼压[intraocular pressure measurement]

•眼压升高（降低）[increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure]

9、耳廓和外耳道[pinna and external canal]

•红（肿、痛，压痛）[redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)]

•糜烂（渗出物，脓性分泌物）[erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)]

•疱疹（瘘管，小水疱，血疱）[herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)]

•狭窄（闭锁）[stenosis (clausura)]

•耵聍（耵聍栓塞，耵聍过多）[cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)]

•耳疖[furuncle of ear ]

•耳化脓（溢脓）[otopyosis (otopyorrhea)]

•耳廓假性囊肿[pseudocyst of auricle]

•外耳道异物[foreign body of external auditory canal]

•耵聍钩（钳）[cerumen hook (forceps)]

10、鼓膜[tympanic membrane (drum)]

••••光反射[light reflex]

红色（粉红色，苍白）[be red (pink,pale)]

鼓膜内陷[otopiesis (indrawing of drum)]

鼓膜膨出[umbo (bulge of drum)]

•鼓膜穿孔（粘连）[perforation (adherence) of drum]

•中央（周围）性穿孔[central (marginal) perforation]

•鼓膜破裂[myringorupture]

•鼓膜增厚（充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽）[hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum]

•鼓室积水（血）[hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)]

11、听力[audition (hearing)]

•听觉过敏（减退）[hyperacusis (hypoacusis)]

•听觉不良（迟钝，障碍）[dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)]

•听觉域[auditory sensation area]

•听力正常[normal hearing]

•听力（觉）迟钝[auditus depression (amblyacousia)]

•听力障碍[dysaudia]

•听力丧失[hearing loss (disability)]

•传导性（神经性，感音神经性）耳聋[conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness]

•老年性耳聋[presbycusis]

•音叉试验[tuning fork test]

•秒表（耳语）听力检查[stopwatch (whisper) audiometry]

•韦伯氏试验（骨导偏向试验）[Weber’s test]

•任内氏试验（气骨导听力比较试验）[Rinne’s test]

•施瓦巴赫氏试验（骨导对比试验）[Schwabach’s test]

12、鼻[nose]

•酒渣鼻[rosacea]

•鞍（蛙状）鼻[saddle(frog) nose]

•畸形（肿胀，溃疡）[deformity (swelling,ulcer)]

•鼻翼扇动[flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)]

•鼻骨骨折[fracture of nasal bone]

•鼻疖[nasal furuncle]

•鼻道狭窄[rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)]

•流涕[running nose]

•鼻粘膜干燥（苍白，红）[dry (pale,red ) mucosa]

•鼻腔异物[nasal foreign body]

•鼻粘膜萎缩（肥厚，肿胀）[nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)]

•鼻孔（甲）[naris (turbinates)]

•上（中、下）鼻甲[superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates]

•鼻塞[nasal obstruction]

•鼻中隔偏移（穿孔，肿胀，血肿，溃疡）[deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum]

•鼻（副鼻）窦[nasal (paranasal) sinus]

•额（上颌，蝶，筛）窦[frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus]

•鼻窦压痛[tenderness over sinuses]

•鼻镜检查[rhinoscopy]

13、嗅觉[smell (scent)]

•嗅觉减退（敏锐）[hyposmia (oxyosmia)]

•嗅觉异常[heterosmia]

•嗅觉测定[measurement of olfaction]

•嗅觉倒错（嗅幻觉）[paraosmia (olfactory hallucination]

•嗅觉缺失[anosmia]

14、口腔粘膜与唇[mucosa of mouth and lips]

•口腔（唇）[oral cavity (lips)]

•口瘢痕挛缩[cicatricial contracture of mouth]

•口疮[aphtha]

•口角[angle of mouth]

•唇（口角）干裂[cheilosis (angular cheilosis)]

•皱裂[ehagades]

•口裂[oral fissure]

•干燥（湿润）[dry (moist)]

•口唇干燥[xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)]

•口臭[halitosis (ozostomia)]

•口唇（腔）疱疹[herpes labialis (of mouth)]

•口唇肥厚[lips pachynsis]

•口角糜烂[perleche]

•口腔坏疽[oral gangrene]

•柯泼力克氏斑[Koplik’s spots]

•口腔白斑（溃疡形成）[oral leukoplakia (ulceration)]

••••口水（口涎增多）[saliva (ptyalism)]

口周苍白（雀斑）[circum-oral pallor (freckle)]

闭口困难[open bite (closure lips irreducible)]

张口受阻（困难）[limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening]

15、牙齿[tooth]

•牙表面[tooth surface]

•牙不齐[odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)]

•牙发育不全（异常）[metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)]

•牙根折断[dental root fracture]

•牙齿缺失[anodontia (absence of the tooth)]

•牙脱落[odontoptosis (lose a tooth)]

•缺齿[missing teeth]

•残根[residual root]

•牙松动[odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)]

•牙垫[bite-block]

•牙磨损[tooth abrasion]

•牙骨质增生[hypercementosis]

•牙冠破裂[cracking of crown]

•牙石[odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)]

•牙列拥挤[crowded dentition]

••••牙缝宽[wide interdental space]

牙萌出过迟（早）[delayed (premature) eruption of tooth]

牙线[dental floss]

牙髓腔（炎）[pulp cavity (pulpitis)]

•拔牙[extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth]

•假牙[false (artificial tooth)]

•假牙[prosthesis]

•镶牙[insert tooth]

•龋齿[decayed teeth (dental caries)]

•龋洞[carious cavity]

•牙面色素沉着[pigmentation of tooth surface]

•牙关紧闭[trismus (lockjaw)]

•牙触（叩击）痛[tooth tenderness (percussion pain)]

•牙周囊肿（感染，萎缩）[periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)]

16、牙龈[gum (gingiva)]

•牙龈出血（囊肿，坏疽，撕裂）[gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)]

•牙龈充血（肿胀，糜烂）[gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)]

•牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atropy (hyperplasia)]

•牙龈（牙周）溢脓[gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)]

•牙龈脓肿[gumboil]

17、舌[tongue]

•舌背静脉[dorsal lingual veins]

•舌颤动[tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)]

•舌淀粉样变性[amyloid degeneration of tongue]

••••舌后坠[glossocoma]

舌尖麻木[tongue tip numbness]

舌裂[split tongue]

舌脓肿（溃疡）[tongue abscess (ulcer)]

•舌乳头（体，背）[papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue]

•舌苔[coated (furred) tongue]

•地图（草莓，镜面）舌[geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue]

•裂纹（牛肉）舌[wrinkled (beefy) tongue]

•毛舌[hairy tongue]

•舌光滑（粗糙）[smooth (rough) tongue]

•舌滤泡[lingual follicles]

•舌干燥[sausarism]

•舌肌萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle]

•舌系带过短[tongue tie (ankyloglossia)]

•舌下囊肿（溃疡，脓肿，肿块）[sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)]

•伸舌困难（偏斜）[difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement]

18、咽和扁桃体[pharynx and tonsil]

•鼻（口）咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]

•扁桃体不肿大[no enlargement of tonsil]

•无充血和渗出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]

••••脓点（滤泡，白色小点）[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]

扁桃体出血（感染，肥大，溃疡）[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]

扁桃体肿大[swelling of tonsil]

扁桃体（后，周围）脓肿[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]

•扁桃体缺如[tonsil deletion]

•扁桃体隐窝（窝）[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]

•咽部异物（溃疡，分泌物）[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]

•咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]

•咽部干燥（疱疹，充血，水肿）[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]

•咽反射[pharynx reflex]

•咽下不能[dysphagia]

•腮腺肿大[enlargement of parotid gland]

19、喉[larynx]

•白喉（喉白斑）[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]

•喉闭锁[atretolemia]

•喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]

•喉痉挛（狭窄）[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]

•喉头痉挛[laryngospasm]

•喉反射[laryngeal reflex]

•喉坏死（钙化）[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]

•喉瘘（囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿，异物）[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]

•喉膨出[laryngocele]

•喉缺失[absence of largnx]

•喉头水肿[laryngeal edema]

••••声嘶（哑）[hoarseness (dumbness)]

变（失）声[mutation (loss) of voice]

失音[aphonia]

发音（构音）障碍[pararthria (dysarthria)]

•喉部感觉缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]

•会厌发育不全（擦伤，裂，囊肿，脓肿）[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]

•会厌分叉（结节）[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]

•声带肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]

•声带麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]

•声带小结[vocal nodule]

•声带息肉[polyp of vocal cord]

•声门痉挛[glottis spasm]

•声门下狭窄[subglottic stenosis]

20、颈部[neck]

•颈部创伤[neck trauma]

•颈部淋巴结（囊肿）[cervical lymph node (cyst)]

•颈动脉窦按摩[carotid sinus massage]

•颈强直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]

•颈软[soft neck (supple)]

•斜颈[torticollis]

••••角弓反张[opisthotonus]

颈静脉搏动（曲张）[jugular pulse (varicosity)]

颈静脉怒张[jugular vein distention (JVD)]

颈静脉充盈（怒张）[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]

•库斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]

•肝颈反流[hepatojugular reflex]

•收缩期（舒张期）囊颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]

•颈动脉搏动异常（增强、减弱、消失）[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]

21、甲状腺[thyroid]

•弥漫（局灶，结节）性甲状腺肿大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]

•甲状腺震颤[thyroid tremor]

•震颤[thrill]

•甲状腺血管杂音[thyroid vascular murmur]

•甲状腺峡部[isthmus of thyroid gland]

•甲状旁腺[parathyroid gland]

•甲状腺囊肿（滤泡、肿块，出血）[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]

22、气管[trachea]

•气管插管[endotracheal intubation]

•气管痉挛[tracheospasm]

•气管囊肿（息肉、狭窄、移位）[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]

•气管（向右）偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]

•气管居中[trachea is in the midline]

•气管内异物[intratracheal foreign body]

1、 肋骨和软组织[ribs and soft tissure]

•胸骨上切迹[suprasternal notch]

•浮肋[free ribs]

•胸壁[chest wall]

•扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸[flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest]

•皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]

•捻发音[Crepitus]

•佝偻病串珠[rachitic rosary]

•软骨病[chondrosteoma]

•脂肪瘤[lipoma]

•软骨发育不全[achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)]

•软组织损伤[soft tissue injury]

•肋骨畸形[abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)]

•肋骨串珠（错位）[beading (displacement) of rib]

•肋软骨畸形[costochondral deformity]

•肋软骨增生[costal cartilage hyperplasia]

•肋下切口[subcostal incision]

•肋间隙宽（窄）[wide (narrow) intercostal space]

2、乳房[breast]

•对称性[symmetry]

••••乳头内陷（内缩）[crater (retracted) nipple]

乳头皱裂[cracked nipple]

乳头偏斜（抬高）[nipple skewness(elevation)]

乳头溢液[nipple discharge]

•乳头脓肿（溃疡、血肿）[abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple]

•乳头过小[hypomastia]

•乳斑[milk spots]

•乳房潮红[breast flush]

•乳房出血[mastorrhagia]

•乳房过早发育[premature thelarche]

•乳房肿胀（脓肿）[mammary swelling(abscess)]

•乳房湿疹[eczema mammae]

•乳房下垂[mastoptosis (pendulous breast)]

•乳房萎缩[mastatrophy]

•巨乳[macromastia]

•乳晕[mammary areola]

•乳房硬化[zaranthan]

•异常泌乳[abnormal lactation]

•男子女性化乳房[gynecomastism]

•乳房皮肤红肿[erythroswelling of mammary skin]

•乳房桔皮征[mammary orange-peel sign]

•乳记局限性凹陷[mammary localized pitting]

•乳房瘘管[breast fistula]

•正常女性乳房[normal female breasts]

•无压痛性肿块[nontender mass]

3、肺[lung]

•呼吸缓慢（急促）[bradypnea (tachypnea)]

•呼吸浅慢（深快）[hypopnea (hyperpnea)]

•呼吸不规则[irregular respiration]

•点头呼吸[nodding breathing]

•端坐呼吸[orthopnea]

•三凹征[retraction sign of three fossae]

•叹息样呼吸[sighing respiration]

•浅快[shallow and rapid]

•呼（吸）气性呼吸困难[expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea]

•呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）[burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)]

•呼吸道阻塞[respiratory tract obstruction]

•呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）[eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)]

•呼吸停止[apnea]

•呼吸费力[respiration is labored]

•语音（触觉）震颤[vocal (tactile) fremitus]

•语颤相等（减弱、增强）[vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)]

•间接（直接）叩诊[mediate (immediate) percussion]

• 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音[dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance,

bell)]

•移动范围[range of movement]

• 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）[absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound]

•呼吸音粗（清）[sound of breath(SO is rough (clear)]

•支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音[bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)]

•管状呼吸音[tubular breath sound]

•捻发音[crepitant rales]

•爆裂音[crackles]

•干（湿）罗音[dry (moist) rales]

•细（中等、粗）罗音[fine (medium, coarse) rales]

•呼（吸）气未罗音[end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales]

•胸膜摩擦音[pleural friction rub]

•呼（吸）气延长[prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)]

•高（低）调鼾音[sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)]

•哨笛音[sibilant rales]

•哮鸣音[wheezing]

•小（中、大）水泡音[small(middle, big) bubbles]

•支气管语音[bronchophony]

•耳语音[whispered]

•羊鸣音[egophony]

•高（低）音调[high (low)-pitched]

•两肺部（右背部）[over both lung fields (right back)]

•两（左）肺底[over the both (left) lower lung]

•整个肺野[the whole lung field]

•左（右）上（下）肺[the left (right) upper (lower) lung]

•肺尖（底）[apex (base) of lung]

4、心脏[Heart]

•用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpate apical area with palm(fingertips)]

•心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordial bulge (retraction)]

•搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse (local) pulsation]

•负性搏动[inward inpulse]

•心尖搏动[apex beat (apical impulse)]

•剑突下搏动[xiphoideusal pulsaton]

•抬举性心尖搏动[heaving apex impulse]

•心尖搏动最强点[point of maximal impulse (PMI)]

•锁骨中线[mid-calvicular line (MCL)]

•肋间[intercostal space (ICS)]

•收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]

•心浊音界[the border of cardiac dullnes]

•心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness]

•叩诊心脏大小正常[heart size is normal on (to) percussion]

•心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)]

•第1（2、3、4）心音[S1(S2,S3,S4)]

•第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)]

••••生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)]

生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting]

肺动脉瓣第2心音>(=，<主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>(=，

大炮音[connon sound]

•心音消失[heart sound is absent (disapeared)]

•心音增强（减弱）[accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound]

•心音响亮（遥远）[cardiac sound is loud (distant)]

•收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur]

•收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur]

•全收缩期的[holosystolic(pansystolic)]

•全舒张期的[holodiastolic (pandiastolic)]

•低（高）音调[low (high) pitched]

•递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur]

•呈喷射型[be ejection in type]

•Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[grade Ⅳ(I-Ⅳ/6) systolic ejection murmur]

•吹风样杂音[murmur of puffing character]

•低音调隆隆样[low-pitched rumbling quality]

•柔和（粗糙）的[soft (harsh or rough)]

•吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing (ejection,

rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur]

•功能性（器质性）杂音[functional (organic) murmur]

•血管（静脉）杂音[vascular (venous) murmur]

•枪击音[pistol shot sound]

•静脉营营音[venous hum]

••••奔马律[gallop rhythm]

胎心律[embryocardia]

心律齐（不齐）[regular (irregular) rhythm]

心律不齐[arrhythmia]

•二（三）联律[bigeminy (trigeminy)]

•早搏[premature (extrasystol)]

•喀嗽音[click]

•钟摆律[pendular rhythm]

•二尖瓣开瓣音[mitral opening snap]

•心包摩擦音[pericardial friction sound]

•听诊[on auscultation]

•二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area]

•心包叩击音[pericardial knock]

•肿瘤扑落音[tumor plop]

5、腹部[abdomen]

•腹（妊娠）纹[abdominal striae (striae gravidarum)]

•腹膨隆[abdominal distention (prominence)]

•腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominal flatness (retraction)]

•蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)]

•腹围增大[increased abdominal girth]

••••肠型[intestinal pattern]

梯形腹[ladder-shaped abdomen]

胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave]

静脉曲张[varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)]

•疤痕[scar]

•腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)]

•腹壁切口（创伤）[incision (wound) of abdominal wall]

•腹部分区[abdominal region]

•左（右）上（下）腹[left (right) upper (lower) quadrant]

•脐膨出[projection of the umbilicus]

•腹式呼吸[abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing]

•腹壁松弛[lax abdominal wall]

•肝肿大[hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)]

•脾肿大[splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)]

•右肋下5厘米[5 cm below the right costal margin]

•肿块（肝）质硬[firm mass (liver)]

•莫菲氏征[murphy`s sigh]

•肌卫现象[muscle guarding (tension)]

•反跳痛[rebound tenderness]

•压痛点[tenderness point]

•剑突下压痛[tenderness beneath the xiphoid process]

•麦氏点压痛[McBurney`s point tenderness]

•腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)]

•柔韧感[dough kneeding sensation]

••••波动感[fluctuation]

腹股沟疝[inguinofemoral hernia]

腹壁反射[abdominal reflex]

腹水征[sign of ascites]

•膀胱肿大[bladder expansion]

•膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)]

•肾（肝）区叩击病[percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region]

•移动性浊音[shifting dullness]

•鼓音[tympany(tampanitic resonance)]

•肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic (splenic)dullness area]

•肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound]

•气过水声[gurgling]

•振水声[succusion (splashing) sound]

第九章 体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）

Physical examination(nerve,skeleton and muscle

痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual,

vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color,

equilibrium) sense]

•关节觉[arthresthesia]

•震动觉[seismesthesia]

••••••••复合感觉[synaesthesia]

听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]

感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]

半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]

感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]

感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]

痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]

痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]

•感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]

•嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]

•束带状感觉[girdle sensation]

•蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]

•瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]

•软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]

•周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]

•轻瘫[paresis]

•交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]

•交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]

•痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]

•重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]

•扑翼样震颤[asterixis]

••••手足搐搦[tetany]

共济失调[ataxia]

手足徐动症[athetosis]

舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]

•肌颤[muscular fibrillation]

•肌阵挛[myoclonus]

•震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]

•颤动[tremor (twitch)]

•随意运动[voluntary movement]

•肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]

•肌力消失[loss of power]

•左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]

•肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]

•肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]

• 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased

muscular tone)]

•肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]

•折刀现象[clasp knife]

•齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]

•肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]

•摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken,

cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]

•共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]

•跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]

•闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]

•摸空征[carphology]

•指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]

•轮替动作[alternate motion]

•跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]

•生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]

•角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal,

palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]

•腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]

•提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]

•肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]

•股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]

•三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]

•抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]

•跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]

•跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]

•拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]

•深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]

•压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]

•桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]

••••膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]

反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]

反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]

亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]

•减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]

•消失的[absent (disappeared)]

•可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]

•跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]

•巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]

•拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]

•眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]

•皮肤划痕征[dermographism]

•脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]

•颈强直[stiff-neck]

•阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]

•未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]

•失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]

•言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]

•口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]

•外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]

••••脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]

屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]

旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]

伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]

•膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]

•髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]

•足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]

•X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]

•驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]

•多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]

•关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]

•骨性强直[bony ankylosis]

•爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]

•肢端肥大[acromegaly]

•杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]

•跛行[limping]

•平足[flat foot (pes planus)]

•静脉曲张[varicose vein]

•静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]

•活动受限[limitation of motion]

•干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]

•垂腕[wrist drop]

•梭形关节[fusiform articulus]

•浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]

••••橡皮肿[elephantedema]

肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]

瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]

蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]

•关节挛缩[contracture of joint]

•凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]

•关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]

•关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]

•关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]

•关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]

---------------------------

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第十一章 实验室检查[Lab]

1、血液细胞学检查（examination of blood cell）

•全血细胞[complete blood cell (CBC)]

•血常规检查[blood routine examination]

•红（白）细胞计数[red (white) blood cell (RBC/WBC) count]

•网织红细胞（血小板，嗜酸粒细胞）计数[reticulocyte (platelet, eosinocyte) count]

•血红蛋白[hemoglobin (H]

•红细胞比积[hematocrit (HCT)]

••••白细胞分类[WBC differential count]

平均红细胞容积[mean corpuscular count]

平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)]

平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]

•皱缩（裂片，棘形，泪滴状，球形，椭圆形）红细胞[crenocyte (schistocyte, acanthocyte, cacryocyte,

spherocyte, elliptocyte)]

•靶形（镰刀形）红细胞[target (sickle) cell]

•中毒颗粒[toxic granulation]

•中性粒细胞核左（右）移[neutrophil shift to the left (right)]

•血沉[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]

•空泡（核）变性[vacuolation (degeneration of nucleus)]

•卡搏环[Cabot`s ring]

•染色质小体[Howell-Jolly body]

•嗜碱性粒细胞[basophilic granulocyte]

•单核（淋巴）细胞[monocyte (lymphocyte)]

•中性分叶（杆状）核粒细胞[neutrophilic segmented (stab) granulocyte]

2、骨髓细胞学检查[examination of marrow cell]

•myeloblast[原粒细胞]

•promyelocyte[早幼粒细胞]

•myelocyte[中幼粒细胞]

••••metamyelocyte[晚幼粒细胞]

band granulocyte[杆状核粒细胞]

polymorphonuclears[多形核粒细胞]

neutrophil granulocyte[中性粒细胞]

•basophil granulocyte[嗜碱性粒细胞]

•eosinophil granulocyte[嗜酸性粒细胞]

•pronormoblast[原红细胞]

•basophilic pronormoblast[早幼红细胞]

•polychromatophilic normoblast[中幼红细胞]

•orthochromatic normoblast[晚幼红细胞]

•lymphoblast[原淋巴细胞]

•prolymphocyte[幼淋巴细胞]

•lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]

•monoblast[原单核细胞]

•promonocyte[幼单核细胞]

•monocyte[单核细胞]

•plasmablast[原浆细胞]

•proplasmacyte[幼浆细胞]

•plasmacyte[浆细胞]

•megakaryoblast[原巨核细胞]

••••promegakaryocyte[幼巨核细胞]

granular megakaryocyte[颗粒巨核细胞]

platelet-producing megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]

iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]

•peroxidase staining megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]

•iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]

•peroxidase staining(POX)[过氧化酶染色]

•Sudan black staining(S[苏丹黑染色]

•alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP)[碱性磷酸酶染色]

•acid phosphatase staining(ACP)[酸性磷酸酶染色]

•nonspecific esterase(NSE)[非特异性酯酶]

•heated normal saline test[热盐水溶解试验]

•ink phagocytosis test[墨汁吞噬试验]

•lysozyme staining[溶菌酶染色]

3、贫血的检查[examination of anemia]

•serum iron assay[血清铁测定]

•total iron binding capacity assay[总铁结合力测定]

•serum ferritin assay[血清铁蛋白测定]

•serum transferrin assay[血清转铁蛋白测定]

•vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12测定]

•folic acid assay[叶酸测定]

•osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes[红细胞渗透脆性试验]

•biochemical assay of pyruvate kinase[丙酮酸激酶的生化测定]

•methemoglobin reduction test[高铁血红蛋白还原试验]

••••brilliant cresyl blue reduction test[煌焦油蓝还原试验]

reduced glutathione assay(GSH)[还原型谷胱甘肽测定]

glutathione stability test[谷胱甘肽稳定试验]

Heinz bodies staining[变性珠蛋白小体染色]

•heat instability test[热不稳定试验]

•isopropanol stability test[异丙醇试验]

•RBC sickling test[红细胞镰变试验]

•hemoglobin C test[血红蛋白C试验]

•Hb absorption spectrum determination[血红蛋白吸收光谱测定]

•hemoglobin electrophoresis[血红蛋白电泳]

•anti human globulin test (Coombs test)[抗人球蛋白试验]

•cold agglutinin assay[冷凝集素测定]

•cold hemolytic test (Donath-Landsteiner test)[冷溶血试验]

•heat hemolysis test[热溶血试验]

•measurement of free Hb levels in plasma[血浆游离血红蛋白测定]

•urinary hemosiderin determination (Rous test)[尿含铁血黄素检查]

4、出血和凝血的检查[examination of hemostasis and coagulation]

•platelet count[血小板计数]

•bleeding time (BT)[出血时间]

•capillary fragility test[毛细血管脆性试验]

••••examination of capillary in nail fold with microscopy[甲床毛细血管镜检查]

assay of malondaldehyde for determination of platelet life-span[丙二醛法测定血小板寿命]

platelet adhesiveness test(PAdT)[血小板粘附性试验]

platelet aggregation test (PagT)[血小板聚集性试验]

•platelet factor assay[血小板因子测定]

•β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)assay[β-血小板球蛋白测定]

•thromboxane A2(TXA2)assay[血小板血栓烷A2测定]

•clot retraction quantitative assay[血块收缩定量测定]

•coagulation time (CT)[凝血时间]

•factor Ⅷ coagulant activity [因子Ⅷ凝血活性测定]

•prothrombin time(PT)[ 凝血酶原时间]

•recalcification time (RT)[复钙时间]

•activated coagulation time(ACT)[活化的凝血时间]

•kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT)[白陶土部分凝血活酶时间]

•stypven time(ST)[蛇毒时间测定]

•fibrin peptide A (FPA)[纤维蛋白肽]

•fibrin plate test[纤维蛋白平板溶解试验]

•plasma plasminogen assay[血浆纤溶酶原测定]

•thrombin time (TT)[凝血酶时间]

•paracoagulation test[副凝试验]

•staphylococcal clumping test (SCT)[萄葡球菌聚集试验]

•immunological assay of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白（原）降解产物的免疫学测定]

•D-dimer fragments assay[D-二聚体测定]

•α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG)assay[α2-巨球蛋白测定]

•antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)assay[抗凝血酶Ⅲ测定]

5、肾功能检查[nephric function examintion]

•non-protein nitrogen (NPN)assay[非蛋白氮测定]

•urea nitrogen assay[尿素氮测定]

•creatinine assay(Cr)[肌酐测定]

•endogenous creatinine clearance test[内生肌酐清除试验]

•phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test (PSP)[酚红排泄试验]

•Masenthal`s test[莫氏试验]

•radionucleorenogram[放射

6、肝功能检查[liver function examination]

•serum transaminase[血清转氨酶]

•glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)[谷丙转氨酶]

•glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT)[谷草转氨酶]

•serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP)[血清碱性磷酸酶]

•serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme[血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶]

•serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (S-r-GT)[血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶]

•serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]

•serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]

•serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]

•serum α1 -antitrypsin (S-α1AT)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]

••••serum protein[血清蛋白]

albumin[白蛋白]

globulin[球蛋白]

serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]

•blood ammonia[血氨]

•serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]

•serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]

7、其他[the others]

•lunch test[试餐试验]

•serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]

•uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]

•serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]

•serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]

•serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]

•serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]

•serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]

•serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]

•serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]

•serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]

•serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]

•serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]

•serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]

•serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]

•serum potassium [血清钾] •血清钠[serum sodium]

••••serum chloride[血清氯] •serum calcium[血清钙]

inorganic phosphorum[无机磷] •serum magnesium[血清镁]

examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]

filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]

•vitamin A assay[维生素A测定] •Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]

•vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]

•blood grouping [血型鉴定] •cross matching[交叉配合]

•transfusion[输血]

•A blood group[A血型]

•Rh blood group[Rh 血型]

8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]

•luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]

•thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]

•growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]

•prolactin[催乳素]

•adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]

•follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]

•serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定]

•total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]

•total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]

••••determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]

thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]

thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]

T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]

•thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]

•basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]

•parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]

•determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]

•urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]

•urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]

•urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]

•plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]

•aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]

•corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]

•urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]

•ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]

•dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]

•urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]

•urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]

•testosterone assay[睾酮测定]

•estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]

•blood glucose assay[血糖测定]

•glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]

•insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]

••••serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]

glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]

glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]

plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]

•5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]

•cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]

•cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]

•prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]

9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]

•HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]

•HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]

•anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]

•anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]

•anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]

•heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]

•EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA抗体]

•immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]

•Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]

•complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]

•cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]

••••widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]

Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]

antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]

serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]

•Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]

•intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]

•casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]

•serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]

•α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]

•carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]

•E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]

•lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]

•macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]

•serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]

•cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]

•complement assay[补体测定]

•circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]

•antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]

•anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定]

•examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]

•rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]

•antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]

•antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]

•anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]

•anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]

•antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]

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10、血气分析[blood gas assay]

•blood PH[血PH]

•partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)[二氧化碳分压]

•carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]

•standard bicarbonate(S[标准碳酸氢盐]

•actual bicarbonate(A[实际碳酸氢盐]

•buffer base(B[缓冲碱]

•base excess(BE)[剩余碱]

•total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]

•oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]

•partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)[氧分压]

•oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]

11、大便检查[stool examination]

(1)exterior[外观]

•formed[成形的] •dry[干的] •soft[软的]•loose[稀的] •watery[水样的] •liquid[液状]

•sheep-dung[羊粪状] •yellow[黄的] •black[黑的]•acholic[无胆色的] •tarry[柏油样]

•bloody[血性]•fatty[脂肪性] •rice water[米汤样]•mucous[粘液性]

•mucopurulent[粘液脓性]•undigested[不消化的]

（2）镜检[microscopy]

•RBC[红细胞] •WBC[白细胞]•pus cell[脓细胞] •phagocyte[吞噬细胞]•ova count[虫卵计数]

•hatching test[卵化试验]•concentration of ovae[集卵试验]

•ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]•ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]•ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]•ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]•ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]•ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]•ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]•ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]•trichominad[滴虫]

•trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]

•Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]

•trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]

•Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶]

(3)化学检查[chemical examination]

•occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]

•coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]

•fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]

12、小便检查[urine examination]

(1)colour[颜色]

•light yellow[淡黄] •milky[乳白]•bloody[血性] •red[红色]•thick tea in color[浓茶状]

(2)transparency[透明度]

•clear[清晰] cloudy[混浊]

(3)smell[气味]

•ammoniacal smell[氨味] •apple smell[苹果味]•putrid smell[腐臭味]

(4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]