2024年3月3日发(作者：)

英语为母语的汉语学习者之二语心理词汇表征描述

摘要：随着全球化的不断发展，英语作为一种国际通用语言，受到越来越多中国学习者的关注。英语为母语的汉语学习者（ELs）的学习过程中涉及到词汇的学习与掌握。为了深入了解ELs在词汇学习方面的情况，本文通过文献综述的方式探讨了ELs的二语心理词汇表征描述研究。本文首先介绍了词汇表征的概念，接着探讨了ELs词汇表征过程中的负迁移影响和可变性影响，最后通过相关实验研究的数据分析，提出了适合ELs词汇表征学习的策略。

关键词：英语为母语的汉语学习者，二语心理词汇表征描述，词汇表征，负迁移影响，可变性影响

Introduction：随着中国对外开放的不断推进，英语作为全球通用语言受到越来越多中国学习者的关注。而作为英语为母语的汉语学习者（ELs），在学习过程中面临着许多困难，词汇的学习和掌握就是其中之一。词汇是语言学习中至关重要的一部分，它涉及到语言的表达和交流。因此，了解二语学习者在词汇学习方面的情况对于提高语言教学效率和二语习得理论的研究具有重要意义。

Concept of lexical representation：词汇表征是指一个词的语义概念、形态学特征和音韵学特征之间的联系。在二语学习中，词汇表征过程中受到了负迁移影响和可变性影响。

Negative transfer effect of lexical representations：负迁移是指在学习新语言时，旧语言的知识结构对新语言产生干扰。ELs在学习汉语时，英语数量词“a”“an”“the”和动词“be”等也会影响到汉语中数量词和动词的使用。例如，在学习中文中数量词时ELs可能

会采用英语中使用“a”和“an”的想法，导致使用不当，因此在词汇表征过程中负迁移现象是需要注意的。

Variability effect of lexical representations：在二语学习过程中，学习者会受到语言输入的限制，因此会有一定的可变性影响。学习者在语言习得过程中会受到不同的外界环境、语言背景和个人因素等多种因素的影响。因此在词汇表征学习中，这从长期来看将决定二语习得的成功或失败。

Strategy for lexical representation learning for ELs：在ELs词汇表征学习中，需要采取以下策略：第一：采用一种贯穿于全程的、动态的词汇表征模式，通过系统化的方式建立英语和汉语之间的词汇表征关系。第二：采用双语教学策略，通过比较英汉文化的差异，帮助ELs更好地理解汉语语法、词汇和语言特点。第三：及时发现并解决ELs在词汇表征学习中遇到的问题，帮助他们及时调整学习策略。

Conclusion：本文通过文献综述的方式讨论了英语为母语的汉语学习者二语心理词汇表征描述的研究。同时，当前ELs在词汇表征学习过程中面临的负迁移影响和可变性影响亟需解决。因此，在词汇表征学习中的策略与方法也需要更全面和具有前瞻性。希望本文可以对二语学习者词汇表征学习相关问题的研究提供参考。

In conclusion, the acquisition of lexical representation is

crucial for the success of English as a second language

learners in their language learning journey. However, the

negative transfer effect from their first language and the

variability in language input can pose challenges to their

lexical representation learning. To address these challenges,

it is essential to adopt a dynamic lexical representation

model, which systematically establishes the relationship

between English and Chinese vocabulary. Additionally,

bilingual teaching strategies can be employed to help ELs

better understand Chinese grammar, vocabulary, and language

features by comparing and contrasting the cultural

differences. It is also crucial to identify and resolve the

practical issues that ELs encounter during lexical

representation learning and assist them in adjusting their

learning strategies timely. Overall, by adopting more

comprehensive and forward-looking strategies, we can help ELs

overcome the challenges that arise during their lexical

representation learning and improve their language learning

outcomes.

In addition to addressing the challenges that arise during

lexical representation learning, it is also essential to

promote inclusivity and cultural diversity in language

education. Educators can help ELs feel welcome and

appreciated in the classroom by incorporating their cultural

backgrounds into the curriculum and creating an inclusive

learning environment. This can be achieved by incorporating

cultural holidays, traditions, and customs into the

curriculum, incorporating multicultural literature and media,

and seeking out opportunities for students to share their own

cultural experiences and perspectives. By embracing diversity

and promoting cultural understanding, educators can create a

more enriching and rewarding learning experience for all

students.

Moreover, it is important to recognize that language learning

is a lifelong process, and ELs may require ongoing support

and resources beyond their immediate academic needs.

Educators can support ELs by providing access to language-

learning materials and resources outside of the classroom,

such as language-learning apps and software or resources

available in local libraries and community centers. They can

also seek out opportunities for ELs to engage with native

speakers and participate in language immersion programs,

which can help to foster cultural understanding and promote

language proficiency.

Finally, it is important to recognize that the success of ELs

in language learning relies on the efforts of multiple

stakeholders, including educators, families, and communities.

It is therefore essential to collaborate with families and

community members to create a supportive and integrated

learning environment for ELs. This can involve engaging

families in the learning process through regular

communication and feedback, involving parents in school

events and activities, and connecting ELs with community

resources and support systems.

In conclusion, the challenges faced by ELs in lexical

representation learning are complex and multifaceted. However,

by adopting a more comprehensive and collaborative approach

to language learning, educators, families, and communities

can work together to support ELs in overcoming these

challenges and achieving language proficiency and cultural

understanding. With a focus on inclusivity, cultural

diversity, and ongoing support, we can help ELs to achieve

their potential and become successful and engaged members of

our global community.

One of the most important aspects of supporting ELs is

creating inclusive learning environments that value and

celebrate cultural diversity. This can include providing

opportunities for ELs to share their cultural backgrounds,

traditions, and beliefs in the classroom, as well as

incorporating culturally responsive teaching strategies that

are relevant and meaningful to their experiences.

For example, educators can use literature, music, and art

from different cultures to teach language and literacy skills,

as well as provide opportunities for ELs to engage in

collaborative projects and activities that draw on their

unique strengths and interests. By acknowledging and

embracing the diversity of ELs, we can create positive and

affirming learning experiences that promote a sense of

belonging and foster a deeper appreciation for cultural

differences.

Another key component of supporting ELs is providing ongoing

support and feedback throughout the language learning process.

This can include regular assessments of language proficiency,

as well as targeted interventions and accommodations to

address specific areas of need.

For example, educators can provide differentiated instruction

that adapts to the individual learning needs and preferences

of ELs, such as providing visual aids, graphic organizers,

and scaffolding techniques to support comprehension and

vocabulary development. Additionally, ongoing feedback and

guidance can help ELs to monitor their progress and set

personalized goals for language attainment and cultural

understanding.

In addition to these classroom strategies, it is also

important to engage families and communities in supporting

ELs’ language and cultural development. This can involve

providing resources and workshops for parents and caregivers

to learn about the language learning process and how they can

support their children’s language development at home.

Educators can also partner with community organizations and

resources, such as cultural centers, libraries, and language

exchange programs, to provide additional support and

opportunities for ELs to practice their language skills and

connect with other members of their cultural community.

In conclusion, supporting ELs in language learning and

cultural understanding requires a comprehensive and

collaborative approach that values and celebrates cultural

diversity, provides ongoing support and feedback, and engages

families and communities as partners in the language learning

process. By prioritizing inclusivity, cultural responsiveness,

and the unique strengths and experiences of each EL, we can

help them to achieve their potential and become successful

and engaged members of our global community.

In order to effectively support ELs in language learning and

cultural understanding, it is important to take a

comprehensive and collaborative approach that addresses the

needs of individual students and recognizes the value of

diverse perspectives and experiences. This approach should

incorporate a number of key elements that can help to promote

inclusivity and cultural responsiveness, including ongoing

support and feedback, family and community engagement, and a

focus on individual strengths.

One critical component of this approach is ongoing support

and feedback for ELs as they work to develop their language

skills and navigate new cultural contexts. This support can

take a number of different forms, from providing additional

language instruction and resources to offering individualized

coaching and feedback on specific aspects of language use and

cultural norms. It is also important to create opportunities

for ELs to practice their language skills in authentic

contexts, whether through classroom discussions or

extracurricular activities that involve community members or

other English speakers.

Another key element of a comprehensive approach to supporting

ELs is the engagement of families and communities as partners

in the language learning process. This can involve providing

resources and support for families to learn English alongside

their children, as well as creating opportunities for parents

and community members to share their own cultural

perspectives and experiences with students. By engaging

families and communities in this way, schools can help to

foster a sense of belonging and cultural connectedness that

can be a powerful motivator for language learning and

academic success.

Finally, a comprehensive approach to supporting ELs must

recognize and celebrate the unique strengths and experiences

of each individual student. This can involve tailoring

instruction and support to meet the needs of students with

different language backgrounds and proficiency levels, as

well as recognizing and valuing the cultural and linguistic

diversity that ELs bring to the classroom. By creating an

environment that celebrates diversity and encourages students

to share their unique perspectives and experiences, we can

help to foster a sense of pride and belonging among ELs that

can be a powerful tool for promoting academic success and

overall well-being.

In conclusion, a comprehensive and collaborative approach to

supporting ELs in language learning and cultural

understanding is essential for promoting academic success and

social-emotional well-being among these students. By

prioritizing inclusivity, cultural responsiveness, and

individualized support, and by engaging families and

communities as partners in the language learning process,

schools can help to build a vibrant and flourishing community

of ELs who are prepared to thrive in our increasingly diverse

and interconnected global society.

Moreover, it is vital to recognize that language is closely

intertwined with culture. When supporting language learning

for ELs, it is equally important to promote cultural

understanding and sensitivity. ELs often come from diverse

linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and their experiences

and perspectives may differ from those of their peers.

Teachers and staff should create a welcoming environment that

celebrates cultural diversity and acknowledges the unique

strengths and contributions of ELs.

One practical way to promote cultural understanding is

through culturally responsive teaching. This approach

involves taking into account the cultural backgrounds,

experiences, and perspectives of students when designing and

delivering instruction. For example, teachers can incorporate

texts and materials that reflect the cultural diversity of

their students, use instructional strategies that align with

students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and provide

opportunities for students to share their own cultural

experiences in the classroom.

Another critical aspect of supporting ELs is providing

individualized and differentiated support. ELs have diverse

linguistic and academic needs, and one-size-fits-all

approaches are often inadequate. Effective support should be

tailored to each student's language proficiency, academic

level, and learning style. This may involve providing

additional instructional support, modifying assignments to

meet the needs of ELs, or offering targeted language

development instruction.

In addition to providing academic support, schools can also

engage families and communities as partners in the language

learning process. Parents and families play a crucial role in

their children's education, and schools should strive to

involve them in meaningful ways. This may involve providing

resources and information in their native language, offering

parent education workshops or classes, or creating

opportunities for parents to participate in school events or

activities.

Finally, it is essential to recognize that language learning

is a lifelong process. While ELs may require additional

support and resources during their early years of schooling,

they will continue to benefit from ongoing language

development and support throughout their academic and

professional lives. Therefore, it is crucial to create a

culture of lifelong language learning and provide

opportunities for continued language development and

enrichment.

In conclusion, supporting ELs in language learning and

cultural understanding is critical for promoting their

academic success and well-being. By prioritizing inclusivity,

cultural responsiveness, individualized support, and engaging

families and communities as partners, schools can create a

vibrant and thriving community of ELs who are prepared to

succeed in a diverse and global society.

One important aspect of supporting ELs in language learning

is to create a safe and supportive learning environment. ELs

may feel anxious or intimidated in a classroom where they

cannot understand everything being said or written. Therefore,

teachers should strive to create an inclusive environment

where ELs feel welcomed and valued. This can be accomplished

by using positive and encouraging language, providing

opportunities for collaboration and peer support, and

celebrating diversity through multicultural activities and

events.

In addition, teachers can support ELs in their language

development by using culturally responsive teaching

strategies. This means incorporating the students' cultural

background and experiences into the curriculum and

instructional practices. For example, using bilingual texts,

incorporating culturally relevant topics and themes, and

incorporating the students' cultural norms and values into

the classroom.

Another important element of supporting ELs is providing

individualized support based on their unique needs and

abilities. This may include differentiated instruction,

modified assignments, and appropriate accommodations and

modifications. Teachers should also provide ongoing

assessment and feedback to monitor the students' progress and

adjust their support accordingly.

Finally, engaging families and communities as partners in the

education of ELs can be instrumental in promoting their

academic success and well-being. This can be achieved through

regular communication and collaboration with families,

providing resources and support for families to continue

language and cultural learning at home, and establishing

partnerships with community organizations that serve ELs.

In conclusion, supporting ELs in language learning and

cultural understanding requires intentional and sustained

efforts from all stakeholders involved. By creating an

inclusive environment, using culturally responsive teaching

strategies, providing individualized support, and engaging

families and communities as partners, schools can support the

academic and social-emotional needs of ELs and help them

succeed in a diverse and global society.

Overall, supporting English learners is crucial to ensure

their academic success and social-emotional well-being.

Schools can create an inclusive environment by providing

language support and cultural sensitivity training to

teachers and staff. Culturally responsive teaching strategies

can help ELs feel seen and valued while providing

individualized support can address their specific language

needs. Engaging families and communities as partners can also

help build a supportive network for ELs. Ultimately, by

prioritizing the needs of ELs and ensuring they have access

to high-quality education, schools can help these students

thrive in a diverse and global society.